Introduction to digital libraries - definitions, examples, concepts and trends

Lecture for the course “The Library” at Leiden University, 25-11-2013

Olaf Janssen, National Library of the Netherlands

[email protected] - @ookgezellig - slideshare.net/OlafJanssenNL

Introduction to digital libraries Definitions, examples, concepts and trends

Lecture for the course “The Library” at Leiden University, 25-11-2013

Olaf Janssen, National Library of the Netherlands

[email protected] - @ookgezellig - slideshare.net/OlafJanssenNL

Introduction to digital libraries Definitions, examples, concepts and trends

± 50 min ± 40 min

Hi, I’m Olaf Janssen I’m a GLAM-Wiki & Open Data Coordinator at the National Library of the Netherlands (KB) GLAM-Wiki coordinator??? That means I initiate and coordinate projects to strengthen the collaboration between the KB and Wikimedia-projects (such as Wikipedia) Open Data coordinator??? That means I make sure KB’s open data and APIs get used by as many parties and services as possible

[email protected] @ookgezellig

slideshare.net/OlafJanssenNL

My presentation philosophy

This slidedeck is optimised

for

slideshare.net/OlafJanssenNL

What I hope you’ll get out of this talk 1. Basic understanding of what a digital library is

2. Understanding of some basic concepts and trends

over time in digital libraries

3. Understanding how these trends relate to “2.0”

How does my talk fit in the overall course?

In my talk:

digital

In my talk:

front-end/UX of digital libraries

In my talk: Online/web

Alright, let’s go!

I’ll start with a bit of

history

http://www.iupui.edu/~g115/assets/mod03/earth_history.jpg

http://www.iupui.edu/~g115/assets/mod03/earth_history.jpg

Not all of history, only

human history

http://www.mitchellteachers.net/WorldHistory/templates/images/earlyhumans/humanancestorsmainpic.jpg

http://www.mitchellteachers.net/WorldHistory/templates/images/earlyhumans/humanancestorsmainpic.jpg

Not all of human history, only

internet history

http://joaobordalo.com/files/topInternetHistory.png

Not all of internet history, only

history of websites

http://joaobordalo.com/files/topInternetHistory.png

Not all of internet history, only

history of the web

http://www.everyjoe.com/2007/09/05/technology/pc-magazines-top-100-classic-web-sites/

http://www.everyjoe.com/2007/09/05/technology/pc-magazines-top-100-classic-web-sites/chunk.id=ss1-5-6

Context

Historic development of the web : Rise of Web2.0

You read this article in preparation

http://oreilly.com/web2/archive/what-is-web-20.html

Web2.0 key concepts Tim O’Reilly (2005) What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software

1. The long tail 2. Data is the next Intel Inside 3. Users add value 4. Network effects by default 5. Some rights reserved 6. The perpetual beta 7. Software above the level of a single device 8. Cooperate, don't control

Slide taken from http://www.slideshare.net/edsonm/michael-edson-let-us-go-boldly-into-the-future

Tim O’Reilly (2005) What is Web 2.0: Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_2.0

Not history of all the web, only the web in library

context digital libraries

Presentator

Presentatienotities

(like Delpher, newest DL-site of the KB)

First things first

What is a digital library

(there is no unique definition..)

but let’s give it a shot…

- aa

- aa

“a library in which collections are stored in

electronic media formats […] and accessible via computers.

The electronic content may be stored locally, or

accessed remotely via computer networks.”

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_library

“[..] at Stanford University, some discussion was held as to

what did we mean by the term "digital library“”. [..]

it would be valuable [..] to document a common understanding of the term, but agreed that […] we could

not and would not aim for a general consensus.

http://www.dlib.org/metrics/public/papers/dig-lib-scope.html






The term "Digital Library" has a variety of potential

meanings,

ranging from a digitized collection of material that one might find in a traditional library

through to the collection of all digital information along

with the services that make that information

useful to all possible users.







The term "Digital Library" has a variety of potential

meanings,

ranging from a digitized collection of material that one might find in a traditional library

through to the collection of all digital information along

with the services that make that information

useful to all possible users.


[..] the following definition was proposed: The Digital Library is:

– The collection of services

– And the collection of information objects

– That support users in dealing with information objects

– And the organization and presentation of those objects

– Accessable directly or indirectly via electronic/digital means


The Digital Library Reference Model (2011)

(273 pages!)

“…a potentially virtual organisation, that

comprehensively collects, manages and preserves for the long depth of time rich digital content, and offers to its targeted user communities [..] according to comprehensive

codified policies."

The Digital Library Reference Model - http://bscw.research-infrastructures.eu/pub/bscw.cgi/d222816/D3.2b%20Digital%20Library%20Reference

%20Model.pdf

- aa

- aa

“Digital libraries are organised collections of digital content made available to the public.“

http://europa.eu/legislation_summaries/information_society/strategies/l24226i_en.htm

Google (search) ≠ DL

And there are many more definitions…*

* Such as https://www.ischool.utexas.edu/~i385d/readings/Borgman-1999-What_Are_Digital_Libraries.pdf

Let’s summarize the red key phrases

we’ve just seen...

too textual, vague,

abstract

Is ?

No worries, let’s look at

11 real life examples of digital libraries

to improve our understanding

too textual, vague,

abstract

No worries, let’s look at

11 real life examples of digital libraries

to improve our understanding

Is ?

E-lev-en?!!

Yes, sorry…. I really need some critical mass here, each example will become a ‘datapoint’ for making

some trend plots later on (I will keep it brief, you can study them in more detail at home)

4 cultural heritage domains

1. Library: publications Books, magazines, newspapers


2. Archive: primary documents (unique & unpublished) Public records, government docs, legal administrations

4. Audio-visual: recordings Films, audio, TV, radio, speeches, plays


3. Museum: artefacts Paintings, drawings, sculpture, instruments, flora, fauna


3. Museum: artefacts Paintings, drawings, sculpture, instruments, flora, fauna

2. Archive: primary documents (unique & unpublished) Public records, government docs, legal administrations

4. Audio-visual: recordings Films, audio, TV, radio, speeches, plays


GLAMs

Galleries, Libraries, Archives, Museums

= CH-sector

1. KB Catalogue opc4.kb.nl


Focus on raw metadata, no full-texts, no visuals


Replacement of card catalogue

• Content/UX: Raw metadata (no full-texts, no visuals)

• Content domain: library (books, newspapers, magazines)

• Run by: commercial company (OCLC)

• Content partners: Institutional (KB)

• User involvement: none; 1-directional institutional broadcasting; “See what KB has” (Web1.0)

2. LibraryThing Librarything.com

Presentator

Presentatienotities

LibraryThing is a social cataloging web application for storing and sharing book catalogs and various types of book metadata. It is used by individuals, authors, libraries and publishers. The primary feature of LibraryThing is the cataloging of books by importing data from libraries through Z39.50 connections and from six Amazon.com stores. Library sources supply MARC and Dublin Core records to LT; users can import information from 690 libraries, including the Library of Congress, National Library of Australia, the Canadian National Catalogue, the British Library, and Yale University.[4 Opgericht in 2005 door Tim Spalding werd het al snel een populaire 'community'-site waar ook mogelijkheden kwamen om te chatten en schrijven over boeken, vergelijkingen te maken tussen verschillende collecties en mensen te vinden met dezelfde interesses. In 2006 werd het deels eigendom van het e-businessbedrijf AbeBooks. Dat werd op zijn beurt in 2008 overgenomen door Amazon.com. Ofschoon verkoop van boeken via LibraryThing niet is toegestaan, fungeert het wel als reclame voor Amazon, omdat de 'bronnen' van de boeken veelal naar Amazon verwijzen. Er is inmiddels ook een Nederlandstalige afdeling van de site.


Focus on metadata, no full-texts, tiny visuals


User generated content

Web2.0 library catalogue

• Content/UX: Raw metadata-oriented (no full-texts, poor visuals)

• Content domain: library (books)

• Run by: commercial company (40% Amazon)

• Content partners: user community (Web2.0)

• User involvement: very strong: “Contribute & share your

metadata” (Web2.0)

Web2.0: “Harnessing collective intelligence”

Presentator

Presentatienotities

Visuals = thumbs

Web2.0 library catalogue

• Content/UX: Raw metadata-oriented (no full-texts, poor visuals)


• Run by: commercial company (40% Amazon)


• User involvement: very strong: “Contribute & share your

metadata” (Web2.0)

Further reading • http://carl-acrl.org/ig/carlitn/9.07.2007/LTFL.pdf • http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0737-

8831&volume=27&issue=1&articleid=1775785&show=pdf

3. Delpher Delpher.nl


Focus on visuals, not metadata

Focus on OCR, not metadata



Metadata-based advanced search


Joint effort

Multiple content partners

delpher.nl/nl/pages/partners

3. Delpher Delpher.nl Full-text historic Dutch publications

• Content/UX: Full-text: visuals & OCR, with metadata-

based searching

• Content domain: library (publications)

• Run by: non-commercial institution (KB)

• Content partners: Institutional (libraries, archives, newspaper publishers etc.)

• User involvement: none; “See what full-text publications we have” (Web1.0)

Further reading (historic newspapers only, precursor of Delpher) • http://www.dlib.org/dlib/january08/klijn/01klijn.html • http://kranten.kb.nl/documents/newsletter_IFLA_no19_2009.pdf

4. Digital Library for Dutch Literature dbnl.org

Presentator

Presentatienotities

De Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren (of: DBNL) is een website over Nederlandse taal en literatuur. De site bevat vele duizenden literaire teksten, secundaire literatuur en aanvullende informatie als biografieën, portretten en hyperlinks. De Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren is een initiatief van de Stichting DBNL die in 1999 werd opgericht door de Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde. De opbouw van de digitale bibliotheek is mogelijk gemaakt door financiële steun van onder andere NWO en de Nederlandse Taalunie. Een selectie is gemaakt door een comité voorgezeten door Paul Schnabel van duizend werken die het comité als sleutelteksten van de Vlaamse en Nederlandse cultuurgeschiedenis zag. Deze selectie heet de dbnl "basisbibliotheek". he Digital Library for Dutch Literature (Dutch: Digitale Bibliotheek voor de Nederlandse Letteren or DBNL) is a website (showing the abbreviation as dbnl) about Dutch language and Dutch literature. The website contains thousands of literary texts, secondary literature and additional information, like biographies, portrayals etcetera, and hyperlinks. The DBNL is an initiative by the DBNL foundation that was founded in 1999 by the Society of Dutch Literature (Dutch: Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde). Building of the DNBL was made possible by donations, among others, from the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (Dutch: Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek) and the Nederlandse Taalunie. From 2008 to 2012, the editor was René van Stipriaan.[1] The work is done by 8 people in Leiden (as of 2013: The Hague), 20 students, and 50 people in the Philippines.[1] The latter scan the texts.[1] Basic library: 1,000 key texts The DBNL contains (or will contain in the near future), the complete so called "basic library" (Dutch: "basisbibliotheek") 1,000 deemed "key" texts of the Dutch and Flemish cultural history.[2] The chairperson of the committee that selected the 1,000 key text is Paul Schnabel.[1] Nevertheless, some classic texts of Dutch literature, like Gerard Reve's 1947 novel The evenings (Dutch: De avonden) and Willem Frederik Hermans' 1966 novel Beyond Sleep (Dutch: Nooit meer slapen) are missing because of copyright reasons.[1]


Focus on full-text…


… with metadata for searching

4. Digital Library for Dutch Literature dbnl.org Full-text Dutch literature database

• Content/UX: Full-text: OCR & PDF (scans), with metadata

for search

• Content domain: library (literature, publications)

• Run by: non-commercial institution (Society of Dutch Literature)

• Content partners: none (own SDL-collection)

• User involvement: none; “See what we SDL have” (Web1.0)

Further reading • van Stipriaan, Rene. "Future proofing Dutch literature-Rene van Stipriaan

answers questions about the Digital Library for Dutch Literature, how it was started and why users like it." Research Information 41 (2009): 13.

Presentator

Presentatienotities

5. Google Books books.google.com

Presentator

Presentatienotities

Google Books (previously known as Google Book Search and Google Print) is a service from Google Inc. that searches the full text of books and magazines that Google has scanned, converted to text using optical character recognition, and stored in its digital database.[1] The service was formerly known as 'Google Print' when it was introduced at the Frankfurt Book Fair in October 2004. Google's Library Project, (also now known as 'Google Book Search'), was announced in December 2004.


Focus on full-text


Joint effort

Many big libraries (incl. KB) as content partners

5. Google Books books.google.com World largest e-book store

• Content/UX: Full-texts: e-books + e-magazines


• Run by: commercial company (Google)

• Content partners: Institutional - big libraries worldwide (eg.

KB, Oxford, Stanford, Harvard)

• User involvement: weak, users can contribute book reviews (“Web1.1”)

Further reading • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Books_Library_Project • http://liber.library.uu.nl/index.php/lq/article/download/URN%3ANBN%3ANL%3

AUI%3A10-1-113624/8371 • http://newsbreaks.infotoday.com/nbreader.asp?ArticleID=16307

6. Project Gutenberg gutenberg.org

Presentator

Presentatienotities

Michael Stern Hart startte in 1971 met dit project genoemd naar Johannes Gutenberg, die algemeen geldt als uitvinder van de boekdrukkunst met losse letters. Project Gutenberg (PG) is a volunteer effort to digitize and archive cultural works, to "encourage the creation and distribution of eBooks".[2] It was founded in 1971 by Michael S. Hart and is the oldest digital library.[3] Most of the items in its collection are the full texts of public domain books. The project tries to make these as free as possible, in long-lasting, open formats that can be used on almost any computer. As of March 2013, Project Gutenberg claimed over 42,000 items in its collection. Wherever possible, the releases are available in plain text, but other formats are included, such as HTML, PDF, EPUB, MOBI, and Plucker. Most releases are in the English language, but many non-English works are also available. There are multiple affiliated projects that are providing additional content, including regional and language-specific works. Project Gutenberg is also closely affiliated with Distributed Proofreaders, an Internet-based community for proofreading scanned texts. Project Gutenberg offers over 42,000 free ebooks: choose among free epub books, free kindle books, download them or read them online. We carry high quality ebooks: All our ebooks were previously published by bona fide publishers. We digitized and diligently proofread them with the help of thousands of volunteers. No fee or registration is required, but if you find Project Gutenberg useful, we kindly ask you to donate a small amount so we can buy and digitize more books. Other ways to help include digitizing more books, recording audio books, or reporting errors. Over 100,000 free ebooks are available through our Partners, Affiliates and Resources.



E-books, focus on full-text

6. Project Gutenberg gutenberg.org Free public domain e-books (since 1971!)

• Content/UX: Full-text e-books


• Run by: not-for-profit company (foundation, PGLAF)

• Content partners: Institutional (publishers)

• User involvement: some; users can contribute books, reviews,

comments etc. (self.gutenberg.org) (“Web1.5”)

Further reading • http://www.gutenberg.org/wiki/Gutenberg:About • http://www.enebooks.com/data/JK82mxJBHsrAsdHqQvsK/2010-01-17/1263695736.pdf

Presentator

Presentatienotities

Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (PGLAF). PGLAF is the not-for-profit corporation that receives and processes donations to Project Gutenberg, and seeks fundraising opportunities.

Access ’90s – websites are T.F.O.’s 7. Wikisource wikisource.org

Presentator

Presentatienotities

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikisource Wikisource is an online digital library of free content textual sources on a wiki, operated by the Wikimedia Foundation. Its aims are to host all forms of free text, in many languages, and translations. Originally conceived as an archive to store useful or important historical texts, it has expanded to become a general-content library. The project officially began in November 24, 2003 under the name Project Sourceberg. The name Wikisource was adopted later that year and it received its own domain name seven months later. The project has come under criticism for lack of reliability but it is also cited by organisations such as the National Archives and Records Administration.[3] The project holds works that are either in the public domain or freely licenced; professionally published works or historical source documents, not vanity products; and are verifiable. Verification was initially made offline, or by trusting the reliability of other digital libraries. Now works are supported by online scans via the ProofreadPage extension, which ensures the reliability and accuracy of the project's texts. Some Wikisources now only allow works backed up with scans. While the bulk of its collection are texts, Wikisource hosts other media, from comics to film to audio books. The only original works allowed on Wikisource are translations and annotations. Contents Wikisource collects and stores in digital format previously published texts; including novels, non-fiction works, letters, speeches, constitutional and historical documents, laws and a range of other documents. All texts collected are either free of copyright or released under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike License.[1] Texts in all languages are welcome, as are translations. In addition to texts, Wikisource hosts material such as comics, films, recordings and spoken-word works.[



Focus on full-text

Access ’90s – websites are T.F.O.’s 7. Wikisource wikisource.org Open full-text library & archive

• Content/UX: Rights-free full-texts (novels, non-fiction works, letters, speeches,

constitutional and historical documents, laws etc.)

• Content domains: library & archive

• Run by: User-community, supported by not-for-profit organisation

(Wikimedia Foundation)


• User involvement: very strong: “Contribute, improve, share & re-

use texts” (Web2.0)

Web2.0: “Design for remixability"

Access ’90s – websites are T.F.O.’s 7. Wikisource wikisource.org Open full-text library & archive

• Content/UX: Rights-free full-texts (novels, non-fiction works, letters, speeches,

constitutional and historical documents, laws etc.)

• Content domains: library & archive

• Run by: User-community, supported by not-for-profit organisation

(Wikimedia Foundation)


• User involvement: very strong: “Contribute, improve, share & re-

use texts” (Web2.0)

Further reading • https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Wikisource:Community_portal

Memory of the Netherlands

8.Memory of the Netherlands Geheugenvannederland.nl




Metadata and image get about same amount of

attention

“visual catalogue”



Joint effort

Hosted by KB 100 content partners

133 collections




8.Memory of the Netherlands Geheugenvannederland.nl Dutch cultural heritage media database

• Content/UX: “Visual catalogue” : metadata + low/mid-res

images, sounds, videos

• Content domains: museum, archive, library, AV

• Run by: non-commercial institution (KB)

• Content partners: Institutional - 100 Dutch GLAMs

• User involvement: none; “See what we GLAMs have” (Web1.0)

Further reading • http://www.archimuse.com/publishing/ichim03/073C.pdf

9. Europeana europeana.eu


Metadata and image get about same amount of

attention

“visual catalogue”



Joint effort

100s content providers from Europe

9. Europeana europeana.eu European cultural heritage aggregator

• Content/UX: “Visual catalogue”: metadata + low/mid-res

images (sounds, videos, texts)

• Content domains: museum, archive, library, AV

• Run by: non-commercial organisation (Europeana Foundation), with voice from content partners

• Content partners: Institutional - 100s of European GLAMs

• User involvement: none; “See what we have” (Web1.0)

Further reading • http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?issn=0264-

0473&volume=27&issue=6&articleid=1827227&show=pdf • https://liber.library.uu.nl/index.php/lq/article/download/URN%3ANBN%3ANL%3AUI%3A10-1-

113558/8239 • http://pro.europeana.eu

10. Flickr The Commons flickr.com/commons

Presentator

Presentatienotities

More about The Commons A new way to share photos on Flickr The Commons was launched on January 16 2008, when we released our pilot project in partnership with The Library of Congress. Both Flickr and the Library were overwhelmed by the positive response to the project! Thank you! The program has two main objectives: To increase access to publicly-held photography collections, and To provide a way for the general public to contribute information and knowledge. (Then watch what happens when they do!) These discussions (between LoC and Flickr) began the collaboration that resulted in the launch of The Commons (www.flickr.com/commons), a designated area of Flickr where cultural heritage institutions can share photographs that have no known copyright restrictions to increase awareness of their collections. Flickr members are invited to engage with Commons collections by describing the items through tags or comments. A growing number of libraries, museums, and archives, intrigued by the possibilities of this model, have followed the Library’s lead and launched accounts within the Commons framework

Joint effort

10s content providers worldwide



Focus on visual, page doesn’t feel “metadata-y”




Web2.0 “Wisdom of the crowd”

Crowd-curation Folksonomy


Web2.0 “Wisdom of the crowd”

Crowd-curation Folksonomy

Crowd-curated open photo archive • Content/UX: Rights-free rich visuals: mid/hi-res images,

metadata secondary

• Content domain: library, archive, museum

• Run by: commercial company (Yahoo)

• Content partners: Institutional - 10s GLAMs worldwide

• User involvement: some; users can contribute comments, tags etc. (“Web1.5”)

Further reading • http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/flickr_report_final.pdf • http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/19/technology/internet/19link.html?_r=1&partner=permalink

&exprod=permalink • http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/portal_libraries_and_the_academy/v010/10.2.vaughan.pdf

11. Rijksmuseum rijksmuseum.nl

125,000 rights-free ultra hi-res images


Focus on hi-res images Metadata “almost invisible”


125,000 rights free images re-usable

for everbody, everywhere

Rijksstudio Pinterest meets RM-

collection

http://mw2013.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/rijksstudio-make-your-own-masterpiece/

11.a Rijksstudio rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio

Rijksstudio Pinterest meets RM-

collection


Crowd-curation discovering cross-collection

themes


Crowd-curation: discovering cross-collection themes

11. Rijksstudio rijksmuseum.nl/en/rijksstudio Free hi-res artworks photo database

• Content/UX: Rights-free ultra hi-res images, metadata “under

the hood”

• Content domain: museum

• Run by: non-commercial institution (Rijksmuseum)

• Content partners: none, own RM-collection

• User involvement: some, via Rijksstudio: users can create Pinterest-like boards, incl. user-curation (“Web1.5”)

Further reading • http://mw2013.museumsandtheweb.com/paper/rijksstudio-make-your-own-

masterpiece/

OK, so far for the 11 DL-examples….

I did not choose them randomly…

Let’s use their properties as input for some plots…

Metadata-oriented Classic catalogues No images Raw metadata in your face

Visually oriented (hi-res) Images in your face Metadata “under the hood”

“Dressed-up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual

“all about full-texts”

1. Content/Presentation/UX What does the DL look & feel like?

KB Catalogue


“Dressed up catalogues” Mix of metadata and visual







KB Catalogue





KB Catalogue

Flickr The Commons





KB Catalogue Flickr The Commons

Flickr The Commons





KB Catalogue

Rijksmuseum/studio

KB Catalogue

Rijksmuseum/studio





Flickr The Commons

KB Catalogue

Rijksmuseum/studio





Flickr The Commons

Europeana

KB Catalogue

Rijksmuseum/studio





Flickr The Commons

Europeana

KB Catalogue

Rijksmuseum/studio





Flickr The Commons

Europeana

Digital Library for Dutch Literature

KB Catalogue

Rijksmuseum/studio





Flickr The Commons

Europeana Digital Library for Dutch Literature

KB Catalogue Digital Library for Dutch Literature

LibraryThing

Europeana

Rijksmuseum/studio





Flickr The Commons


LibraryThing

Europeana

Rijksmuseum/studio





Flickr The Commons



LibraryThing

Europeana

Rijksmuseum/studio





Flickr The Commons

Memory of the Netherlands Delpher


LibraryThing

Europeana


Rijksmuseum/studio




Google books

Project Gutenberg

Wikisource


Flickr The Commons

Delpher

2. Domain of content Which CH-domain(s) contribute to the DL?

Archives documents

Cross-domain Content from libraries, museums and archives

Libraries publications

Museums artefacts


Museums artefacts

Archives documents


Rijksmuseum/studio

KB Catalogue

LibraryThing

Google books

Digital Library for

Dutch Literature

Project Gutenberg


Museums artefacts

Archives documents


Rijksmuseum/studio

Delpher

KB Catalogue

LibraryThing

Google books

Digital Library for

Dutch Literature

Project Gutenberg

Wikisource


Museums artefacts

Archives documents


Rijksmuseum/studio

Delpher

KB Catalogue

LibraryThing

Europeana


Flickr The Commons Google books

Digital Library for

Dutch Literature

Project Gutenberg

Wikisource


Museums artefacts

Archives documents


Rijksmuseum/studio

Delpher

International National Dutch

3. Geo scope What’s the geographical scope of the DL?

Continental European

Local/regional


Rijksstudio


International Local/regional National Dutch


Delpher

Europeana


Rijksstudio




Delpher

LibraryThing Europeana

Flickr The Commons

Google books

Project Gutenberg

Wikisource




Rijksstudio


Delpher

User content “We are nothing without contributions from our users”

Institutional content “We do it ourself, we show off our own content” (no partner content, no user generated content)

4. Collaboration between content partners

Who provides content & value for our DL?

Partner content “We add value by collaboration, we need & show content from our institutional partners”

Web2.0: “Users add value”

KB Catalogue

Rijksmuseum/studio





KB Catalogue Europeana

Memory of the Netherlands Rijksmuseum

/studio





Delpher

KB Catalogue LibraryThing

Europeana


Wikisource Rijksmuseum/studio





Delpher

KB Catalogue LibraryThing

Europeana


Wikisource

Flickr The Commons

Rijksmuseum/studio



Project Gutenberg


Google books


Delpher

Institution(s) in control and (very) nervous about user contributions

5. Control Who decides how the DL develops?

User-controlled The community is in control, no need for institutions

Web2.0: “Radical trust”

Users can contribute, we trust them, but institution/company keeps control


KB Catalogue

Europeana



Delpher




KB Catalogue Wikisource

Europeana





Delpher


KB Catalogue Wikisource

Europeana



Flickr The Commons

LibraryThing


Rijksmuseum/studio


Project Gutenberg

Google books

Delpher

6. Openness Can others reuse, revise, remix, redistribute the DL content?

Web2.0: “Some rights reserved”

Closed, © You can only use our content for personal use or non-commercial research purposes

Fully open You can do anything you like with our content, no conditions apply

Part closed, part open Part of content is public domain, other part is ©

Creative Commons You can remix and share under certain conditions

6. Openness Can others reuse, revise, remix, redistribute the DL content?

Web2.0: “Some rights reserved”





Further reading • “The 4 Rs” - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_content • Open culture - http://www.ciac.ca/en/open-culture-definition-en

Presentator

Presentatienotities

Reuse - the right to reuse the content in its unaltered / verbatim form (e.g., make a backup copy of the content) Revise - the right to adapt, adjust, modify, or alter the content itself (e.g., translate the content into another language) Remix - the right to combine the original or revised content with other content to create something new (e.g., incorporate the content into a mashup) Redistribute - the right to share copies of the original content, your revisions, or your remixes with others (e.g., give a copy of the content to a friend)[3]

KB Catalogue






KB Catalogue


Rijksmuseum/studio





Flickr The Commons

Europeana (metadata)

Project Gutenberg

KB Catalogue


Rijksmuseum/studio





Flickr The Commons



Project Gutenberg

KB Catalogue


Rijksmuseum/studio



Google books



Delpher

Flickr The Commons


Wikisource (CC-BY-SA)


Project Gutenberg

KB Catalogue


Rijksmuseum/studio





Google books

Delpher

These plots represent some

trends in DL-development

Past Present

1.0 2.0

“Not” “Hot”

CONCEPT PAST PRESENT

Content – Presentation - UX

Metadata in your face - “Raw” library catalogue - No / low-res images

Objects in your face - Full-texts & OCR - Hi-res images - Metadata “under the hood”

Collaboration between institutions

Single institution Institutions do it themselves, no partners

Multiple institutions Institutions realize they stand stronger with partners

Collaboration between domains

Single domain Institutions collaborate within own domain

Single & cross-domain Institutions also collaborate outside own domain, are aware of added value cross-domain approach can bring

Geo-scope of DL Local Scope is local (regional, national), unaware of bigger world

‘Global village’ Local initiatives & services are aware of the bigger world, and their roles within it

User contribution Institutions add content & value - 1-directional institutional broadcasting - Users are passive consumers

Users also add content & value - Users are creators - Harnassing collective intellligence, crowd-curation, folksonomy

Control Institution(s) in control The wishes of our users are scary and complex, we know what’s best for them

User voice heard Our users are our co-developers, they give us valuable input how we should develop our DL

Openness of content (reuse, revise, remix, redistribute)

Closed - You can use our content yourself, but you can’t build upon it - © , All rights reserved

Open - We propagate sharing & remixing our content, as far as legitimate rightholders are not harmed - Creative Commons

1.0

1.0

1

.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

OK, now we have at least some understanding of

basic concepts and trends in DLs…

In terms of

we’ve just looked at…

Let’s now look at 3 less directly visible ingredients

of DLs

strategy

What I’m trying to say here:

DL webservices don’t just run by themselves, it

takes organisation, management & strategy

to build them, keep ‘m running and make ‘m grow….

Let’s look at (only) one trend in this field…

Content & brand distribution trend

Content & brand distribution trend

Less “Come to daddy” More “Dressing up as pandas”

http://communist812.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/come-to-daddy-2.jpg

We GLAMS expect people to take the trouble to leave their trusted online hang-outs to visit our little, geeky, not-so-sexy

DL-sites, to consume our DL-content, services & brand


We GLAMS expect people to take the trouble to leave their trusted online hang-outs to visit our little, geeky, not-so-sexy

DL-sites, to consume our DL-content, services & brand We have to make an awful lot of noise (=institutional marketing) to make people like our little boutique

On the modern web (most) DL-sites are niche market “boutiques” with relatively local

or specialized audiences

… but honestly, often we’re just too small

for that..


We (ie. GLAMs) expect people to take the trouble to leave their trusted online hang-outs to visit our little, geeky, not-so-sexy

DL-site, to consume our DL-content & brand We have to make an awful lot of noise (=institutional marketing) to try to make people like our little, geeky, not-so-sexy DL-site & brand

http://www.collaboration-incontext.com/2006/12/enterprise_20_t.html

Web2.0:

“The long tail”

We GLAMs know the big, cool, popular platforms & communities normal people use in their daily lives (Google, Youtube, social networks, Wikipedia, App stores, etc.)

Mass markets “Department stores” with global audiences

(head of long tail)


Because we realize most normal people won’t take the trouble to come to our little,

geeky, not-so-sexy DL-site, we have to find a … Most people go to

dept. stores instead of boutiques

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1336070/Why-Chinese-scientists-dressing-Panda-suits-fool-bear-cubs.html


Because we realize most normal people won’t take the trouble to come to our little,

geeky, not-so-sexy DL-site, we have to find a … Cunning trick! We “dress up as pandas” to seamlessly fit into the existing platforms, communities and workflows, so we can more easily distribute our niche DL-content, services & brand to global audiences In addition to traditional marketing, we also rely on mouth-to-mouth 2.0 to make our niche DL-content, services & brand known and liked

We set up in-store boutiques!

Some dressing up styles of GLAMS

1. Search engine optimisation (dressing up to be liked by Google)

• Collaboration with Wikipedia

(dressing up to be liked by curious people)

• Social content sharing (Flickr, Pinterest..)

(dressing up to be visually liked)

• Ego networks (Facebook, Twitter ..)

(dressing up to be seen & gossiped about)

• Offering APIs (dressing up to be liked by businesses & developers)


http://fc01.deviantart.net/fs71/i/2013/118/2/4/google_in_a_dress_by_wingsade-d63g1ce.png

Further reading • What is SEO? - http://searchengineland.com/guide/what-is-seo • What’s the problem? - http://jpwilkin.blogspot.nl/2011/01/our-hidden-digital-libraries-july-27.html • SEO and metadata - http://eprints.rclis.org/13518/1/AD_Google.doc.pdf • Best paractices - http://www.libsuccess.org/Search_Engine_Optimization_%28SEO%29


2. Collaboration with Wikipedia


• Social content sharing (Flickr, Pinterest..)






http://partnersinexcellenceblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/curious.jpg

Which information sources does NL use most? (*)

• Google: 82%

• Wikipedia: 52%

• Books and libraries: 1%

* http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikimedia/nl/d/d6/Z1676_Vereniging_Wikimedia_Nederland_rp03.pdf (in Dutch, slide 34)

70% of Dutch people use Wikipedia

More than 35% use it weekly

(Digital) libraries can reach significantly larger audiences by

exposing their materials on Wikipedia

KB manuscripts case study

Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts manuscripts.kb.nl

Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts manuscripts.kb.nl

Wikipedia in German

Wikipedia in French

Wikipedia in Bavarian

Wikipedia in Hungarian

Wikipedia in Russian

Wikipedia in Chinese

Wikipedia in Korean

This baker image is not the only image from KB that is used on Wikipedia.

In total KB offers 776 images for Wikipedia

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Library,_The_Hague

Using Wikipedia, these images are seen all over the world

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:CountryWorldMap_LangaugeVersionsWikipediaContainingKBImages_30092013.png#file

This maps shows the countries (red) in which Wikipedia articles containing images related to the National library of the Netherlands (KB) have been consulted (dd 30-9-2013)

Some statistics on the KB manuscripts (*)

This site contains 11.141 images

* http://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:GLAM/Koninklijke_Bibliotheek_en_Nationaal_Archief/Resultaten/KPIs/KPI8/CasestudyKBManuscripten#Impact_Wikipedia_:_casestudy_KB-manuscripten (in Dutch) ** 1 july - 30 sept 2013

In 3 months (**) these 11.141 images were seen in 33.324 page views

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Royal_Library,_The_Hague,_manuscripts

Of these 11.141 images, (only) 163 are used in

Wikipedia articles

In the same 3 months these 163 images were seen in 2.336.000 (!) Wikipedia article views

Some statistics on the KB manuscripts (*)

BANG!!




3. Social content sharing (Flickr, Pinterest..)






http://tweakers.net/ext/f/ABh9LXs58VV9cBY3VnMBvbLf/full.jpg

http://www.pinterest.com/amlibraries/featured-digital-libraries

http://www.pinterest.com/britishlibrary/


http://www.pinterest.com/uscdiglib/


http://www.pinterest.com/uscdiglib/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/imlsdcc/sets/

http://www.flickr.com/photos/koninklijkebibliotheek/sets/






4. Ego networks (Facebook, Twitter ..)

(dressing up to be seen, gossiped and liked)



http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-fGneNjF84zM/TZTAzh8wd6I/AAAAAAAAGCc/jWh3C5gk6LI/s1600/gossip1.jpg

Screenshot of feed of @ookgezellig 23-11-2013@00:33

“seamlessly fit into people’s exisitng workflows”

Mouth-to-mouth gossip about Delpher.nl - Screenshot 23-11-2013@01:53

Tweets about Delpher.nl - Screenshot 23-11-2013@01:53






4. Ego networks (Facebook, Twitter ..)


5. Offering APIs (dressing up to be liked by businesses & developers)


http://media.edge-online.com/wp-content/uploads/edgeonline/2012/10/journodevswap.jpg

My DACH 2014 lecture

OK, that was about it!

.. but please let me update the trends table for you!

CONCEPT PAST PRESENT

Geo-scope of DL Local Scope is local (regional, national), unaware of bigger world

‘Global village’ Local initiatives & services are aware of the bigger world, and their roles within it

User contribution Institutions add content & value - 1-directional institutional broadcasting - Users are passive consumers

Users also add content & value - Users are creators - Harnassing collective intellligence, crowd-curation, folksonomy

Control Institution(s) in control The wishes of our users are scary and complex, we know what’s best for them

User voice heard Our users are our co-developers, they give us valuable input how we should develop our DL

Openness of content (reuse, revise, remix, redistribute)

Closed - You can use our content yourself, but you can’t build upon it - © , All rights reserved

Open - We propagate sharing & remixing our content, as far as legitimate rightholders are not harmed - Creative Commons

Content distribution

“Come to daddy” - People need to visit our website - Niche-markets reached

“Dressing up as pandas” - DL-content/services/brand embedded in user’s daily workflows - Niche and global audiences reached

1.0

1

.0

1

.0

1.0

2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

THANKS!

[email protected] @ookgezellig slideshare.net/OlafJanssenNL

Education

Introduction to digital libraries - definitions, examples, concepts and trends