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This is an introduction to biology.
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Introduction to
BIOLOGY
What is Biology?• Bio – means life• Ologos – to study / the
study
• BIOLOGY – is the study of life / the study of living things
• Biologist – the person who studies Biology
Brief History of Biology
• Aristotle – Greek philosopher; first who classified living things as to air, land, or water dwellers; Father of Biology
Brief History of Biology
• Galen – Greek physician; first to dissect apes and pigs; Father of Anatomy
• Andreas Vesalius – made the first dissection on human anatomy; discovered Comparative Anatomy
William Harvey – showed conclusively that the heart pumps blood and the blood circulates
• Marcello Malphigi – Italian physician & anatomist, founder of microscopic anatomy
• Anton Van Leeuwenhoek first to use microscope; discovered microorganisms such as protozoans called animalcules
• Charles Darwin – wrote the book On the Origin of Species By Means of Natural Selection
Divisions of Biology2 Major Divisions
of Biology• Botany – the
study of PLANTS
• Zoology – the study of ANIMALS
BOTANYDendrology Study of trees and their
history
Mycology Study of fungi and some association with plants
Paleonbotany Study of fossil plants
Phytopathology Study of diseases of plants
Agriculture Study the principles of botany in growing food
plants
Pomology Study of cultivating fruits
ZOOLOGYArachnology Study of single class of
invertebrate (scorpions, spiders, etc.)
Conchology Study of mollusks
Embryology Study of the development of animal forms
Entomology Study of insects
Herpetology Study of reptiles
Mammalogy Study of mammals
Ornithology Study of birds
Ichthyology Study of fishes
Some Branches of Biology
• Anatomy – the study of structures of entire organisms and their parts
Some Branches of Biology
• Physiology – the study of how the body and its parts work
Some Branches of Biology
Ecology – study of how organisms interact with their environment & with other organisms
• Parasitology – the study of the organisms that live in or on other organisms that caused diseases
• Taxonomy – the study of the classification & evolutionary interrelationships among organisms
• Embryology – study of the development & growth of organisms
• Cytology – the study of the structures & functions of cells
• Microbiology – the study of microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoans, and viruses
• Paleontology – the study of fossils, the preserved remains and traces of organisms from the past
• Genetics – the study of how traits are inherited & passed on one generation to the next
• Morphology – the study of gross structures & forms of organisms
• Histology – study of tissues