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BY REHAN IJAZ Introduction to AI
Artificial IntelligenceLecture No. 1
What is Intelligence? How can we define Intelligence?
• ability of problem solving• the ability to think, plan and schedule• memory and correct and efficient memory
and information manipulation• ability to tackle ambiguous and fuzzy
problems• ability to learn and recognize• ability to understand and perceive
Intelligent Machines A machine searches through a mesh and finds a
path? A machine solves problems like the next number in
the sequence? A machine develops plans? A machine diagnoses and prescribes? A machine answers ambiguous questions? A machine recognizes fingerprints? A machine understands? A machine perceives? A machine does MANY MORE SUCH THINGS! A machine behaves as HUMANS do? HUMANOID!!!
Formal Definition of AI
Formal Definition of AI (cont)
Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence is an effort to
create systems that can learn, think, perceive, analyze and act in the same manner as real humans.
Strong & Weak AI Strong AI means that machines act
intelligently and they have real conscious minds.
Weak AI says that machines can be made to act as if they are intelligent.
History of AI First recognized work on AI First program that though humanly Development of Lisp Microworlds Researchers started to realize
problems AI becomes part of Commercial
Market Neural networks reinvented
First recognized work on AI The first work that is now generally
recognized as AI was done by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts (1943). Their work based on three sources:• The basic physiology and function of
neurons in the human brain• The prepositional logic• The Turing’s theory of computation
First program that though humanly Newell and Simon’s early success
was followed up with the General Problem Solver.
Unlike Logic Theorist, this program was developed in the manner that it attacked a problem imitating the steps that human take when solving a problem.
Applications of AI Artificially Intelligent crawlers and
content based searching techniques computer based games like chess Computer Vision Natural language processing Expert systems Robotics “Humanoid”