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Presentation at HCI 2013, Las Vegas
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S C I E N C E P A S S I O N T E C H N O L O G Y
www.tugraz.at
Introducing an InformationSystem for successfulsupport of selectiveattention in online coursesAndreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin EbnerGraz, University of Technology
July 15, 2013
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LIVE Interaction in Virtual learning Environments
Index
1. Goal
2. Motivation
3. Implementation
4. Study
5. Conclusion
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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LIVE Interaction in Virtual learning Environments
Graz, University of Technology
Europe, Austria, Graz
http://www.tugraz.at
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Goal
Goal
Development and evaluation
of a web-based information system
to support a live stream of a lecture
with different forms of interactions like anAudience-Response-System.
Sustain and enlarge Students’ attention.
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Motivation
Attention and Communication
Selective attention is the most crucial resource forhuman learning
Enhances both behavioral and neuronal performance
Interaction and communication between all groups ofparticipants in all sorts and directions
are key features for an increased attention.
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Motivation
Audience-Response-Systems
ARSs are well known for face-to-face education instandard classroom-situations
presenting questions to studentsanswering with a special handsetanswers are shown to the lecturer
ARS has the power to enhance the attention and theparticipation of the students (reported by manystudies)
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Implementation
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Overview
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Lecturer GUI
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Lecturer GUI
1. Metadata of the event
2. Calculated degree of attention of all students
3. Free space for occurring interactions
4. Control-elements to invoke interactions
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Student GUI
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Student GUI
1. Foreign web-content (e.g. the live-stream)
2. Metadata of the event and calculated degree ofattention
3. Free space for occurring interactions
4. Control-elements to invoke interactions
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Three Interaction-Types
1. Automatically startedThe interactions of an interaction-method of this typeare automatically presented to the attendees in arandom way.
2. Started by the attendeesThis type represents interaction-methods which couldbe started by the attendees.
3. Invoked by the lecturerWith interaction-methods of this type the lecturer isable to invoke them.
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Showing Interactions
Three Models are used to schedule interactions
1. showing interactions to students2. presenting interactions to the lecturer3. error messages
If a model reaches its scheduled time
a special view is shown in the reserved space.
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Interaction-Methods
Simple QuestionsGeneral questions are automatically shown to thestudents.
Solve CaptchaStudents are prompted to solve a captcha randomly.
Report ProblemA technical problem could be reported to the lecturerby the students.
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Interaction-Methods
Set Attention-LevelStudents could set their current level of attentionthrough a slider.
Ask LecturerQuestions could be asked to the lecturer by thestudents.
Ask StudentsAlso the lecturer could ask questions to the students.
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Degree of Attention
A value between 0% and 100%
Every interaction-method calculates its own value
Most of them are using a reaction-time basedapproach
Overall attention-level: the mean of allinteraction-methods
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Implementation
Reaction-Time based Attention-Level
For every interaction:
Attention-level of the interaction-method: the mean ofall interactions
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Study
Study
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Study
Setting and Observations
Live broadcasting of the lecture CleanroomTechnology
Five Units
Seven to twelve attendees
Lecture 1 and 2: very low attention-level (less than40%)
Attendees felt very uncomfortable with their lowattention-level and
they liked content-related questions more thangeneral questions.
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Study
Improvements and Observations
Some improvements:
more content-related questionspauses during questions. . .
After that the attention-level stabilized at 75% andmore
Also the attendees felt satisfied with thisimprovements.
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Conclusion
Conclusion
A web-application which provides different methods ofinteraction
Calculation of the degree of attention
Positive effects on the attention under the mentionedcircumstances
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013
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Conclusion
Thanks
for your attention!
Social LearningComputer and Information ServicesGraz University of Technology
http://elearning.tugraz.at
Slides available at http://elearningblog.tugraz.at
Andreas Holzinger, Josef Wachtler and Martin Ebner, Graz, University of TechnologyJuly 15, 2013