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Pathology is the hidden Science at the Heart of Modern Medicine, Vital for the Diagnosis & Clinical Management of Disease.
The Royal College of Pathologists London
= S TU DY A B NO R MA L S TA TE O F B O DY P A R T IC U L A R IN MO R P HO L O G IC A L & FU NC TIO NA L C HA NG E S O F O R G A N, T IS S U E C E L L S .
ค ว า ม สั� ม พั� น ธ์ ร ะ ห ว� า ง
diagnosis
•Why study? •This course will be used when?
General Pathology
Pathology What?Why study?Learn How?What are the basic requirements of knowledge.This course will be used when? How?
Pathology = Pathos + Logos
Suffering Study
Study of Disease
Scope of Pathology
Anatomical Pathology Clinical Pathology•surgical pathology•cytopathology•forensic pathology •Oral and maxillofacial pathology
•clinical chemistry•clinical hematology/blood banking •clinical microbiology
Veterinary pathology is concerned with animal disease Phytopathology is the study of plant diseases.
~ medical technologistsPathologists
A combination both anatomical and clinical pathology is known as general pathology
also called investigative pathology, experimental pathology or theoretical pathology
is a broad and complex scientific field which seeks to understand the mechanisms of injury to cells and tissues, as well as the body's means of responding to and repairing injury
THEORETICAL STUDY
Main object is to know the nature of DISEASE by study as the following :-
1. Etiology ( causes of diseases )
2. Pathogenesis (mechanism of diseases)
3. Pathological changes : structural change Lesion
6. Prognosis ( prediction the future of victim)
THEORETICAL STUDY
4. Clinical feature : functional & structural changes symptoms & signs of patients
5. Complication
Complications & sequelae
Morphological and functional features
Pathogenesis
Etiology S.aur
eus
Acute inflammation
Boil
Septicemia
Smoking , Polycyclic AHC
Genetic mutation
Lung cancer
Metastasis
HBV
Immune reaction to virus infected cells
Cirrhosis
Liver failure
Increased renin production
High BP
Cerebral hemorrhage
Abnormal stage of body Abnormal stage of body DiseaseDisease
•Disorderly function (show off as abnormal sign and symptom) of organ system of body (cell, tissue, organ)
Sign = objective symptom of disease
Symptom = subjective sign of disease
•Ascites, cachexia, cough, dysphagia, fever, gynecomastia, hemoptysis, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, icterus, lymphadenopathy, palmar erythema
•Chest pain, dizziness, loss of appetite, weakness, numbness, headache, toothache
CellTissueOrgan
Environmental factors
Genetic factors
Change with adaptation
Hypertrophy /hyperplasia
Atrophy
Metaplasia
Inability to adapt
Injury
Death
Structural change
Functional change
Lesion
Signs
Symptoms
The general main causes of disease
Congenital Diseases
Immune disorder: AIDS, Graves’ disease
Genetic Non genetic
* Familial diseases* Abnormal Growth & Development
Acquired Diseases
Iatrogenic disease
Inherited : cystic fibrosis
Spontaneous : Down’s syndrome
Environmental : rubella assoc mal-
Accidental : cerebral palsy ~ birth hypoxia
Inflammation: appendicitis, TB
Neoplasia: lung CA
Non neoplastic: BPHInjury, disordered repair: fracture, aspirin induced PU
Metabolic disorders: DM
Degeneration: osteoarthritis
Hemodynamic disorder : shock, MI
i ii
Cushing’s syndrome ~ X steroids
Aplastic anemia ~ chloramphenicol
Growth disorders
TACTICAL STUDYTACTICAL STUDY
Learn how?
The study "Comparison" between what is normal and abnormal human nature.
Compare the same thing. The same type of structure and function of organs and tissue cell.
Sample comparisonStructure Normal squamous cell VS abnormal squamous cell
Function of organ, tissue, cell
Normal blood sugar VS abnormal blood sugar
Sample comparison
BiochemicalMicrobiologicalHematologicalCell/ tissue culture
Learning objective1. The meaning of pathology and
scope of pathology.2. How to study pathology?
4. The general main causes of disease
3. Techniques of Pathology
REFERENREFERENCESCES1. General and systematic Pathology, 4th edition,
edited by J.C.E.Underwood, “Introduction to Pathology”
2. Concise Pathology, 3rd edition, edited by P. Chandrasoma ; C.R. Taylor, Introduction : The
Discipline of Pathology, pp xiii – xiv
3. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 7th edition, edited by Kumar; Abbas; Fausto;
“Introduction to Pathology” pp 4