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Interview Project Paper of the 2017/1 INGLÊS: HABILIDADES INTEGRADAS II - TN4
course taught by Professor Gladys de Sousa
Matheus de Carvalho Emediato
Oswald Stuart Nascimento Rabelo
Rodrigo Antonio Sarmento
Victor Nascimento Almeida
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
July 2017
Introduction
These Project aim to analysis a Interviews of a english speaking person using
transcritption notation methodlogy and some basic Linguistic knowloge from student of
the first year of Languages major at UFMG.
We interviewed Rui Marques from Porto, Portugal who is a 23 years old young
professional with higher education. He is in an international internship in Brazil for six
months with a financial aid of European Union and he has already knew some others
countries in Europe besides having lived abroad for 3 months in Istambul, Turkey.
Research Questionnaires and Objetives
Our group made 27 questions to Rui aiming to know his point of view about multiple
topics and impression about Brazil. We made the following questions to our interviewee:
1. How are you?
2. Why are you here in Brazil?
3. Why do you chose Brazil?
4. Is it a government program which support your stay in Brazil?
5. Tell us a little bit about these program?
6. What has been your greatest cultural shock?
7. Can you describe your whole experience here in Brazil?
8. How long do you intend to stay here in total?
9. You like here?
10. Do you intend to come back to Brazil in the future?
11. Please can you tell us a little bit about your favorite place?
12. You suggest us to go to Porto?
13. Any other place there you suggest to go after Porto?
14. What about the food there?
15. Have you tried pão de queijo?
16. What happened at the first time tasted pão de queijo?
17. What was your first impression when you arrived here in Brazil?
18. Now you are used with the insecurity in brazilian streets?
19. So in that ways does Brazilian people and I repeat in what ways do the Brazilian
people contrast with the Brazilian with Portugal people?
20. And do you Know many others countries around the globe?
21. What was your favorite destination?
22. Do you have something to tell our classmates, and our teacher, and us. A final
consideration about Portugal about Brazil or about you?
23. You will be to Ouro Preto?
24. What do you think about Rio?
25. What do you think about the night here in Brazil?
26. What do you usually do here in the weekends?
27. How do you like the food here in Brazil?
Analysis
Ours analysis are divided in two parts. The first is about ambiguity of the process of
transcription made by different member of our grup of a same utterance. The second
analyiss focus on intonantion aspects.
Divergences of transcription analysis
1) The Jefferson Transcription System
The Jefferson Transcription system has its function summarized by the University of
Leicester website. Paraphrasing it, It is employed to represent out of a discourse both
what was said (that is to say, in a segmental level), and the way in which it was said (in
the suprasegmental level). However, it is common knowledge among specialists that
these two aspects in any transcription system, to a certain extent, are both subjective.
Even the most densely annotated literal text cannot realistically be used to script the
performance of conversation with its many and subtle nuances. These are but
conventional representations of a very complex continuum, involving factors beyond the
capacity of simple graphical representations. Even these representations are also
subject to controversy of conflicting points of view.
Amongst the foremost reasons professionals and amateurs might disagree on certain
sections of a transcription, for instance, are: a recording being of low quality; the speech
is muffled by something else; background noises are interfering; the speaker stutters,
speaks too fast, or does not speak loud enough; the speaker is not native, displays
unfamiliar prosodic patterns or does not master the language (producing an overall
counter-intuitive use of words and prosodic patterns); the professionals are tired or
under stress.
2) The importance of complementary viewpoints
It is intended to stress here the importance of teaming up with other parties in order to
collect the feedback of other points of view. This way, the transcription achieves higher
levels of reliability, and does not depend solely upon a single person’s senses and skills,
which can be affected by various factors as previously mentioned.
For this, a compilation of four divergent transcriptions made by the members of this
group is made. Albeit the divergences of viewpoints shown below may seem petty, they
indeed take place, and within more important contexts (e.g., forensic and academic
fields), annotating certain elements in one way or another may lead to very opposite
and unpredictable results and repercussions.
3) Prosodic unit divergences
Prosodic breaks signal the end of a prosodic unit.
Prosodic breaks are used also in phonetic transcriptions, for example, and may be of
value, among others, for various phonological and linguistic studies.
EX: Here, one of us sees the whole utterance as a single prosodic unit, whilst the other
chops it into five distinct ones.
First version:
ah(.) good after↑noon i am ↑Matheus(.) this is Rodrigo(.) recording this video//
Second version:
ah(.)/ good after↑noon / i am Matheus (.) / this is Rodrigo (.) / recording this video//
The final version follows:
ah/ (.) good after↑noon i am ↑Matheus(.) this is Rodrigo(.) recording this video//
4) Segmental level divergences
What sequences of phonemes are recognized and what words are transcribed, different
verb tenses, different nouns, pronouns: these have, for obvious reasons, the potential to
warp the entire comprehension of what was truly stated.
The question “Do you know many other countries around the globe?” is asked during
the interview, and these are two divergent transcriptions of the answer. Note that the
meaning is quite different, despite the apparent pettiness of the mistake.
First version:
I’d live in ↑Stambul ↑Turkey for five months I’d make my (incomprehensible) there/
Second version:
I lived in ↑Istambul ↑Turkey for five ↑month / I: I made my E↑rasmus there/
The final version follows:
I lived in ↑Istambul ↑Turkey for five ↑month / I: I made my E↑rasmus there/
5) Intonation divergences
Of foremost importance, rise and fall of intonation may indicate both pragmatic aspects
regarding the intention of the speaker, and additionally give out clues on their overall
emotional state.
Below, one of us perceives a rise of intonation in the last word of the sentence, whilst
the other a rise and fall type.
First version:
why↑ are you here in ↑Brazil//
Second version:
why↑ are you here in ↑Brazil↓//
The final version:
why↑ are you here in ↑Brazil↓//
6) Multiple divergences
Below, a particularly challenging to transcript section of the interview is represented in
three different interpretations. In longer interviews, these might be more common.
First version:
I-I-I Know ma:: uh some / I-I did in Stambul(.) Turkey for five month I make my
(incomprehensible) there
Second version:
I’d live in ↑Stambul ↑Turkey for five months I’d make my (incomprehensible) there
Third and final version:
I: I kn !- I know (meh) eh uh:: some: I: I lived in ↑Istambul Turkey for five month / I: I
made my E↑rasmus there
Intonation analysis
1) Intonation in the English Grammar
Intonation describes how the voice rises and falls in speech. The three main patterns of
intonation in English are: falling intonation, rising intonation and fall-rise intonation.
A) Falling intonation
Falling intonation describes how the voice falls on the final stressed syllable of a phrase
or a group of words. A falling intonation is very common in wh-questions.
“….so ↑what has been your greatest/ ↑cultural shock from ↓Portugal and
Brazil//”
B) Rising intonation
Rising intonation describes how the voice rises at the end of a sentence. Rising
intonation is common in yes-no questions:
“That’s good(.) So do you ↑intend to come back to Brazil in the↑future//”
C) Fall-rise intonation
C.1 )Fall-rise intonation describes how the voice falls and then rises. We use fall-rise
intonation at the end of statements when we want to say that we are not sure, or when
we may have more to add:
“…. uh(.) and why↑ do you ↓chose Brazil↑//”
C.2) We use fall-rise intonation with questions, especially when we request information
or invite somebody to do or to have something. The intonation pattern makes the
questions sound more polite:
“…. nice and ah(.) is it a ↑government ↓program↑//”
2) linguistic Intonation
In linguistics, intonation is variation of spoken pitch that is not used to distinguish words;
instead, it is used for a range of functions such as indicating the attitudes and emotions
of the speaker,
The linguistic functions of intonation are exercised in instances superior to those of
phonemes and words, and are therefore considered a suprasegmentally linguistic
component. Many languages use intonation syntactically, for example, to express
surprise or irony, and, more commonly, to distinguish a statement from an interrogation;
Portuguese and English belong to this group.
“…so, the ↑internship is uh: six ↑months so I have three months uh le-left but maybe
who knows the company makes a: makes a ↑offer to stay here and (.)uh-uh(.)I would
accept to stay here longer//”
“yes, I do::// ah:: ↑working(.)↑traveling like ah ah I would ↑definitively ↑come back to
Brazil”
Conclusion
Transcription analysis is a complex process and require a long time to be done.
Moreover it’s prove languages is not only on what a person say, but also how a person
speaks, how it bodylanguage behave and how the non verbal langauge appear in the
process of comunication.
References
Intonation; http://dictionary.cambridge.org/pt/gramatica/gramatica-britanica/speaking/intonation
acess 20/06/2017
Interview: https://youtu.be/oi3lmi9uqWQ
Appendixes:
Transcribed interview
1 A: uh(.), good after↑noon I am ↑Matheus(.) this is Rodrigo(.) recording this video//
2 B: good afternoon everybody//
3 A: uh(.) we are here to interview ↑Rui(.) from ↑Portugal for-for-for a english work (.)hi
4 Rui how are you↑//
5 C: I’m fine (.) what about you↑
6 A: I’m good(.) thank you/ uh(.) so Rui(.) uh(.) why↑ are you here in Brazil↑//
7 C: I’m here in Brazil↑ doing a professional internship//
8 A: uh(.) and why↑ do you ↓chose ↓Brazil↑//
9 C: u:h:: actually I didn’t choose Brazil/ my company in Portugal/ they have several
10 contracts with companies all over the word and they create profiles from the in↑terns
and 11 then the the ↑profiles has to match with the companies and my profile matched
with this 12 company in Brazil//
13 A: nice and uh(.) is it a ↑government ↓program↑//
14 C: yes//
15 A: ↓can you tell us a little bit ↓about it//
16 C: yes(.) we(.) the ↑program has the-has the uh:: the government ↑money/ and also
from:::
17 the European union//
18 A: ↓very nice uh:: and so ↑what has been your greatest/ ↑cultural shock from
↓Portugal and
19 Brazil//
20 C: when I arrived I saw(.) many homeless on the streets(.) the streets are very dirty:
the: 21 constru↑ctions is very different on the streets, you know/ uh::: and that that was
the the 22 things that most shocked me uh lots of homeless on the street poor
people and those stuff//
23 A: can you des↑cribe the::: your ↑whole experi ↑ence here in Brazil//
24 C: uh well(.) my experience until now is for::/ three ↑months and it’s been very very
good 25 I’m learning a lot in my company and creating uh:: lot of friends, meeting new
people, I-26 I=I-I like(.) I like//
27 A: good/ and how ↑long do you intend to stay ↑here in total↓//
28 C: so, the ↑internship is uh: six ↑months so I have three months uh le-left but
maybe who 29 knows the company makes a: makes a ↑offer to stay here and (.)uh-
uh(.)I would accept to 30 stay here longer//
31 A: so(.)you like here//
32 B: very good(.)very good//
33 A: That’s good(.) So do you ↑intend to come back to Brazil in the↑future//
34 C:yes, I do:// uh:↑working(.)↑traveling like uh- uh I would definitively↑come back to
Brazil
35 here is very good I like the people I like the country, like ↑almost everything//
36 A: We are nice hah hah hah now(.) uh please can you tell us a little bit about your
favorite
37 C: [ha ha ha]
38 ↑region or your favorite ↑city in Portugal//
39 C: of course it’s Porto it’s from where a come it’s where I-I- I was born and it’s the
best 40 European destination in Europe for(.) the two year(.) uh consecutive and(.) it’s
my city so: I 41 think it’s the ↑best hah hah//
42 A: So if I go to Portugal you suggest us to go(.) to Porto ↓first//
43 C: of course of course//
44 A: any any other place there you suggest to go after Porto//
45 C: lisbon is also very ↑nice it is the ↑capital you have Algarve in the south it’s very
good 46 on the summer a lots of parties good weather good beaches//
47 A: what about the ↑food there//
48 C: the food it’s ↑awesome hah//
49 A: yeah I can imagine//
50 C: yeah it’s very good//
51 A: and how do you like the ↑food here in brazil↑//
52 C: so the food in Brazil is not ↑that different from ↑portugal(.) uh:: we(.) uh the
Brazilian 53 people eats a lot of cheese(.) and beans(.) mainly here in minas gerais//
54 A: you don’t eat beans ↑there or://
55 C: yeah we ↑do but not ↑every day like here hah hah//
56 A: I see(.) uhn have you tried ↑pão de ↑queijo//
57 C: of ↑course first time I didn’t like but now I’m addicted to it hah hah//
58 A: that’s good what↑ happened at the first time//
59 C: I-I- I think it was the cheese was not the best ↑one//
60 A: ok I see(.) So uh what was your ↑first first impression when you ↑arrived here in
61 ↑brazil//
62 C: when I arrived it was uh:: I- I felt insecure you ↑know because eh everyone talks
about 63 the:: insecurity in ↑Brazil and I felt it a little bit(.) but after a ↑while I think I
↑learnt how to 64 ↑live here how to walk on the ↑streets//
65A: so now it’s(.) now you are used he to ↑it//
66 C: yeah//
C: Yeah now I’m getting used, but I always be careful.
C: yeah
A: we need to do that specially at night, ha ha ha
C: yeah specially at night.
A: So in that ways does Brazilian people and I repeat in what ways do the Brazilian
people contrast with the Brazilian with Portugal people?
C: they don’t contrast that much they are very warm they areeee they they gave me a
very good welcome aah mainly here in Minas Minas gerais I learn I read that people
from Minas Gerais it is very warming they receive very well the foringn (pronuncia
errada) people and I felt it, I having nothing to say bad about that and Portugal is also
like that you you you will fell home if you go Portugal as I’m felling now.
A: And do you Know many others countries around the globe?
C: I I I know****** não entendi I’d live in Stambul Turkey for five months I made my ****
there, I already ah be in London, Madrid, Barcelona Prag and now Brazil.
A: What was your favorite destination?
C: Favorite destination? AAh I was Istambul , ah until I met Brazil
Ha ha
A: really that’s good.
C: They are like tied now
A: both both very beautiful? Nice people
C: both very beautifull. Different beautifull
A: ok
C: but both very beautifull
A: So, do you have something to tell our classmates, and our teacher, and us. A final
consideration about Portugal about Brazil, *** or about you.?
C: If you have never been in Portugal you should visit you shoul to visit its very easy to
visit Portugal but the country is very small so you can visit Porto, Portugal Portugal eh
porto Portugal no, Lisbon, Algarve, Coimbra, Guimarães, historical places, I’m sure you
will like it.
A: so, to end it ah what were the places you been to in Brazil, what other cities besides
Belo Horizonte.
C: I’ve been in ah São Tomé das Letras, Rio de Janeiro and ah next month I will visit
Curitiba.
A: Curitiba is nice.
C: And ah Ouro Preto.
A: You will be to Ouro Preto
C: yeah, next month.
A: What do you think about Rio
C: oh man, the cidade Maravilhosa.
A: It’s really wonderfull, right?
C: Yeah the meaning of that is really true, I felt like, it’s na amazing city and I love to go
there.
A: sorry ah ah what do you think about the night here in Brzail
C: the night
A: yes
C: AAH
A: the parties
C: For exemple I love when the Friday arrive the Brazilian people have the expression
“sextou” and I really feel it here because everyone is execting the Friday to go to a bar,
to drink to meet witth their friends to go out to do something different that they don’t do
during the week and ah I don’t fell that in Portugal so much.
A: And what do you usually do here in the weekends.
C: Ah Ah I allways go out to a bar or I travel ah around and I drink beer ha ha ha.
A: ok Rui Thanks a lot for this interview,
C: I appreciate it
A: very good
Thank you
B: thank you
C: thank you, bye, bye
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