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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning
« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development
« International Journal of Town Planning and Management
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
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Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
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Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour
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International Journal of
Transportation Engineering
& Traffic SystemJAN - JUNE 2016
IJTETS
e-ISSN: 2456-2343
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EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Pradeep Kumar AgarwalDepartment of Civil Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP),
India
Dr. Intha Srinivasa Reddy,Professor, Department of Civil Engineering,
Kallam Haranadh areddy Institute of Technology Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
Dr. Arvind Kumar ShuklaDepartment of Civil Engineering, I. E. T,
Lucknow (U.P.), India
Sandeep ChoudharyTransportation Engineering Department,
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP), India
Moazzem HossainDepartment of Civil Engineering,
Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
Jitendra GurjarTransportation Engineering Department,
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP), India
Prof. Saad Issa SarsamDepartment of Transportation and Engineering,
University of Baghdad, Iraq
Muthiah MuthukannanKalasalingam University, Anand Nagar,
Krishnankoil, India
Dr. R. Srinivasa Kumar,Assistant Professor (Senior Scale) Department of
Civil Engineering, University College of Engineering Osmania University, Hyderabad,
India
Rakesh MeharTransportation Engineering Department,
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP),
India
Dr. Muhammad Ashraf JavidAssistant Professor Civil and Environmental
Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Architecture, University of Nizwa (UoN)
Hasan Dilbas Yildiz Technical University, Civil Engineering
Department, Davutpasa Campus ,Esenler - Istanbul - Turkey
Dr Akshey BhargavaProfessor, Global Institute Of Engineering and
Technology, A.P, India
From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
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Traffic safety under mixed traffic flow, etc.
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It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Transportation Engineering
readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Transportation Engineering and Traffic
System.
Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director
1. Visual Assessment of Pavement Surface Condition for Baghdad International Airport Saad Issa Sarsam 1
2. Modeling the Shape of Compaction Curve for Asphalt Stabilized Soil Saad Issa Sarsam, Abeer Husain 10
3. Innovation Management – An Integrated Approach to Business ModellingAnil Kr Chojar, Aditya Chojar 22
4. Identifying the Public Transport Improvement Policies from Attitudes of Car, Motorcycle and Public Transport Users in Lahore: A Qualitative StudyMuhammad Ashraf Javid 36
5. Evaluation of Rutting Susceptibility of Bituminous Mixes Using Finite Element ModelingI. Srinivasa Reddy 50
Contents
IJTETS (2016) 1–9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System ISSN: 2456-2343(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Visual Assessment of Pavement Surface Condition for Baghdad
International Airport
Saad Issa Sarsam* Consultant Engineer, AFM-Group, Switzerland
Abstract
In the process of developing the infrastructure of Baghdad international airport, visual
assessment was undertaken to evaluate the concrete pavement surface condition. The walk
through technique was implemented, all types of pavement distresses have been detected
visually and captured with camera of high resolution. It was observed that the block and
fatigue cracking of pavement surface was concentrated at the threshold part (touch down
zone) of the runway, while faulting of joints, and scaling of concrete surface were the
common type of distresses at the remaining part of the runway. The taxiway and the rapid
exit taxiway are in acceptable condition. The apron area exhibits faulting of joints and
corner cracking of pavement. The pavement maintenance management system developed
earlier was implemented to rate the pavement condition and the pavement condition rating
(PCR) value for runway, taxiway and apron was determined. The decisions for maintenance
alternatives were determined.
Keywords: assessment, rehabilitation, rigid pavement, visual
INTRODUCTION
Rehabilitation of the runway, taxiway and
apron areas is required to maintain a
standard serviceability of pavement
suitable for commercial operation and in
accordance with ICAO requirements.[1,2]
In
rehabilitating the pavement, the Surveys
and investigations have to be carried out to
determine the existing pavement condition.
Pavement maintenance management
systems (PMMS) are designed to manage
maintenance and rehabilitation activities to
optimize pavement condition with
available funds.[3–6]
The use of (PMMS) is
becoming increasingly more prevalent due
to benefits achieved. It considers current
and future pavement condition, priorities,
funding, and can reduce pavement
deterioration, this helps maintain pavement
structural capacity, and may extend
pavement life by slowing or limiting future
pavement degradation. Pavement
condition can be quantified by the
pavement condition rating (PCR) which
rates the pavement according to the extent
and severity of distress types present
(cracking, Scaling, patching, spalling of
joints, etc.). (PCR) ranges from 100 to
zero (best to worst).
A major goal of (PMMS) is to keep
pavement condition in the upper (PCR)
range of (60–90) by limiting surface
structural degradation to keep down
rehabilitation cost.[7,8]
Visual assessment
of pavement surface condition is
considered as the first step in the
maintenance management system. In this
work, the old airfield of Baghdad
international airport was investigated on
14th of august 2014 by AFM team. The
runway R150-330L was visually
IJTETS (2016) 10–21 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 10
International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System ISSN: 2456-2343(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Modeling the Shape of Compaction Curve for Asphalt Stabilized
Soil
Saad Issa Sarsam*, Abeer Husain Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Abstract
The knowledge and modeling of the exact shape of the laboratory compaction curve provides
a means for a good understanding of the susceptibility of soil to water. The models provide
effective means for quantifying the sensitivity of the compaction process to the various factors
affecting the process. The basic mathematical description of soil compaction is the
relationship between molding moisture and the dry density. Two types of soil and three types
of cutback asphalt have been implemented in this investigation to understand the influence of
cutback asphalt addition on the sensitivity of compaction curve shape in terms of the changes
in slope for dry and wet sides of optimum condition, and to verify if such changes follow a
significant sequence. It was concluded that pure and asphalt stabilized SC-Soil compaction
curve exhibits a flat trend at both dry and wet sides of optimum moisture content, therefore, a
straight line was implemented. While pure and asphalt stabilized CL-Soil exhibits bell shape
trend at both dry and wet sides of optimum moisture content. A straight line was implemented
for modeling the dry side of optimum, and a parabolic curve was implemented for wet side of
pure soil and for soil with 4% cutback asphalt. When 3% of MC-0 cutback asphalt was
introduced to SC-soil, the maximum dry unit weight was increased by 23.5%, meanwhile, the
optimum fluid content was reduced by 21%. When 4% of MC-30 cutback asphalt was
introduced to CL-Soil, the maximum dry unit weight was decreased by 5.5%, and the
optimum fluid content was increased by 6.5%.
Keywords: cutback asphalt, modeling, proctor compaction, soil, stabilization
INTRODUCTION
The standard Proctor compaction test as
per ASTM procedure provides a
standardized method of determining a
soil's resistance to compaction over a
range of soil water contents under a
constant value of compaction effort. The
optimum water content is the amount of
water required to produce a maximum dry
density from the test procedure.[1]
Currently, this test is used to determine the
optimum water content for soil beneath
foundation and highway embankment
construction purposes so that a required
strength could be guaranteed based on the
maximum dry density. The mechanical
improvement of subgrade soil through
compaction is a cost-effective alternative
to many stabilization techniques. It
involves densification of soil by applying
rolling or vibration mechanical energy.
Compaction is frequently practiced in
highway engineering projects. Generally,
compaction increases the soil density,
enhances its strength, and reduces its
compressibility and permeability.[2]
The
ultimate result of this modification is a
significant reduction in potential
settlement of embankment soil. Research
studies on the compaction curve of asphalt
IJTETS (2016) 22–35 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 22
International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System ISSN: 2456-2343(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Innovation Management – An Integrated Approach to Business
Modelling
Anil Kr Chojar*, Aditya Chojar drakc Consulting and Management Solutions, New Delhi, India
Abstract The present study gives a detailed account of distinction between invention and innovation,
and analyzes how an invention can turn into innovation, and lead to development of a new
innovative product for a business organization which can also generate revenues, incomes
and employment. While invention is about something new, innovation refers to the use of an
idea for developing a new product, or service. Although invention generates new ideas,
prototypes and even patents, it is the innovation which turns ideas into commercial products
to meet consumer needs in a market place, be it from industry or general public. The paper
also discusses the role of knowledge base in creating possibilities for developing new
products besides highlighting a few innovation based global companies that dominate the
markets worldwide. These innovation based companies, or multinational corporations
generate revenues for themselves and contribute to GDP growth of the respective countries
they operate in. Further, major types of innovation are discussed, including product
innovation, process innovation, positional innovation, and paradigm innovation. In the end,
the role of innovation in manufacturing is discussed, which covers the various functional
areas of operations. The restructuring of supply chains of automobiles manufacturers with
their suppliers are highlighted.
Keywords: innovation, invention, product innovation, product design, new product
development
INTRODUCTION
Innovation Explained
Although literature is full of concepts and
definitions related to innovation, the term
innovation in current times refers to a
different, and a new way of doing
something at a lower cost, in less time with
fewer resources, and with higher
efficiency. The innovative process, once
determined, should be easier to handle at a
producer-user level, and the innovative
product should meet the end-consumer
needs.
Put simply, innovation may refer to a
product design that is an improvement
over earlier traditional designs, and
provides to the user, an ease of doing work
with the current product or method.
Similarly business innovations, including
those which utilize internet, or I.T. based
solutions, can be useful for organizations
that offer efficient public services like
billing/bill payments to prevent queues or
last hour rush at payment windows.
Likewise, factory, or service center
building layout/design which is innovative
in the sense that it facilitates movement of
people-employees, and/or customers,
without causing gluts has become a
standard feature of many global mind-set
companies. Also, innovation can be built
IJTETS (2016) 36–49 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 36
International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System ISSN: 2456-2343(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Identifying the Public Transport Improvement Policies from
Attitudes of Car, Motorcycle and Public Transport Users in
Lahore: A Qualitative Study
Muhammad Ashraf Javid Department of Civil Engineering, University of Nizwa, Birkat al Mouz, Nizwa, Oman
Abstract
This paper aims to understand attitudes of different modes users and identify the public
transport improvement policies from those attitudes for Lahore city. The underlying factors
were identified for the use of private car and motorcycle and public transport through in-
depth interviews with selected users of each mode. The results of interviews depict that
flexibility and freedom in travelling, status symbol, individual’s privacy, coupling and
situational constraints, gender and culture specific constraints, environmental concern, and
social security are major underlying factors of mode choice behavior in addition to
instrumental and physical dimensions of service quality. This study implicate that these
significant factors need to consider while making improvement in public transport
infrastructure. The consideration of these elements can help in making service quality of
public transport modes as per desires of different segments of travel market. The findings of
this study would be helpful for planners and policy makers in understanding travel attitudes
of different groups and designing appropriate policy measures for public transport
improvement.
Keywords: travel behavior,private car, private motorcycle, public transport, attitudes,
Lahore.
INTRODUCTION
Public travel demand has increased rapidly
due to increase in urban population and
automobile ownership and its usage, and
leading to the complexity of handling the
situation effectively. In most of the
developing countries, mobility is mainly
dependent on automobile. It is very unfair
to build more road infrastructure just to
facilitate car users and neglecting the
mobility choices of poor people such as
transit and non-motorized modes users. In
fact, transportation polices in developing
countries are not strongly supported the
use of public transportation. Most of the
cities in developing countries are facing
problems of achieving some appropriate
standard of urban mobility in terms of
public transportation. The existence of
such transportation problems demands
supporting and sustainable transportation
policies from planners and policy makers.
Banister (2005) [1]
said that transport
planners have to think more positively
about the conditions of public
transportation in developing countries.
Moreover, it is difficult to deal with rising
travel demand just by increasing the
supply of roads because of insufficient
financial, technical and institutional
resources in developing countries.
Transport planners and policy makers need
to think positively for possible transport
IJTETS (2016) 50–54 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 50
International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Traffic System ISSN: 2456-2343(online)
Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Evaluation of Rutting Susceptibility of Bituminous Mixes
Using Finite Element Modeling
I. Srinivasa Reddy* Department of Civil Engineering, Kallam Haranadha Reddy Institute of Technology, Guntur, India
Abstract
Pavement performance mainly depends on the quality of bituminous mixes. Poor bituminous
mixes cause premature failures such as rutting or permanent deformation, cracking, bleeding
etc. The design of bituminous mixes should contain certain criteria to prevent premature
failures. The mixes designed based on these criteria are generally known as performance
based mix design and are gaining popularity in the recent times. Among various types of
pavement failures, permanent deformation or rutting in bituminous mixes is one of the major
concerns on high volume roads. With the increase in the traffic volumes, vehicle axle loads
and tire pressures; there is a need to know the rut resistance of bituminous mixes in advance
before construction. On the basis of experimental and modeling, several methods are in
practice to assess the rutting resistance of bituminous mixes. Simulative tester such as wheel
load tester is one of the equipment used to predict the rutting behavior of bituminous mixes
on experimental basis. However, testing of bituminous mixes in these equipment are time
consuming and often expensive. On the other hand, application of finite element modeling
techniques to some extent, gives an idea on the performance of the mix in a shorter time. The
paper presents a three-dimensional finite element model developed for predicting the rutting
susceptibility of mix using the commercially available finite element program ANSYS. The
results from model can be effectively used to relate the laboratory rutting test results
Keywords: ANSYS, bituminous mix, finite element, modeling, pavement, rutting.
INTRODUCTION
Rutting or permanent deformation in
bituminous pavements develop gradually
as the number of wheel load applications
increases and usually appears as
longitudinal depressions in the wheel paths
accompanied by small upheavals to the
sides. Wheel path rutting is the most
common form of permanent deformation [1-3].
It may occur in any layer of the
pavement structure including subgrade,
base or in the bituminous mixes itself [4].
In
most cases, rutting occurs in the surface
course due to consolidation or
densification of the pavement layers and
shear deformation or lateral plastic flow of
the bituminous mixes [5,6]
. Rutting affect
riding quality, possible place of water
logging, causes damage to the pavement
layers and it is cumulative over the time.
As the bituminous mixes are time,
temperature and stress dependent,
adequate and accurate prediction of
bituminous mix behavior is necessary in
order to predict the pavement performance
such as rutting. There are several test
methods and devices in practice to
evaluate the rutting potential of bituminous
mixes. Among these, simulative tests such
as wheel tracking tests have been shown to
be able to adequately simulate the field
Mechanical Engineering
Electronics and Telecommunication Chemical Engineering
Architecture
Office No-4, 1 Floor, CSC, Pocket-E,Mayur Vihar, Phase-2, New Delhi-110091, India
E-mail: [email protected]
¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
« International Journal of Architecture and Infrastructure Planning
« International Journal of Rural and Regional Planning Development
« International Journal of Town Planning and Management
Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
Planning
Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
Engineering
Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing
« International Journal of Mechanical Dynamicsand Analysis
« International Journal of Fracture and damageMechanics
« International Journal of Structural Mechanicsand Finite Elements
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Biotechnology « International Journal of Industrial Biotechnology and
Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and
Applications3 more...
Nursing « International Journal of Immunological Nursing« International Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing« International Journal of Neurological Nursing« International Journal of Orthopedic Nursing« International Journal of Oncological Nursing
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International Journal of
Transportation Engineering
& Traffic SystemJAN - JUNE 2016
IJTETS
e-ISSN: 2456-2343