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International Journal of

Prevention & Control of

Industrial Pollution

www.journalspub.com

JAN – JUNE 2016

IJPCIP

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Prevention and

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International Journal of Prevention and

Control of Industrial Pollution

International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution provide its readers with a swift yet

complete awareness in the field of prevention and control of industrial pollution. The focus of the journal is

on recent advancement in technologies like sustainable industrial design, remediation techniques,

wastewater quality indicators and other related fields. Journal is a peer-reviewed journal that publishes

original research articles both experimental and theoretical, review articles and relevant short

communications.

Focus and Scope of the Journal

üLimitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds

üIndustrial chemical discharges

üAPI oil-water separators

üBiofilters

üDissolved air flotation

üPowdered activated carbon treatment

üUltrafiltration

üActivated sludge biotreaters

üWastewater quality indicators

üSustainable industrial design

üRemediation technologies

International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution is published twice a year (bi-annual)

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INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager

ChairmanMr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director,JournalsPub,

New Delhi

Hidam Renubala

Ankita Singh

Akanksha Marwah

Deepika Bhadauria

Commissioning Editors

Priyanka Garg

Chhavi Goel

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Dr. Ajay SinghDepartment of Chemistry & Environmental

Science, Uttaranchal Institute of Technology, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India

Prof. C. V. SubrahmanyamDepartment of Chemical Engineering, RVR &

JC College of Engineering (Autonomous), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Faiyazalam Mahmadsaiyad ShaikhNavnirman Science College, Surat,

Gujarat, India

Dr. Gengan SaravananDepartment of Chemistry, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. Goutam BanerjeeDepartment of Civil & Env. Engrg, The

University of The West Indies St. Augustine,Trinidad and Tobago

Dr. Indu SinghDepartment of Biotechnology, Dravidian

University, Kuppam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Jayanta Kumar BiswasDepartment of Ecological Engineering &

Environmental Management, International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of

Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India

Dr. Jayanta Kumar BiswasDepartment of Ecological Engineering &

Environmental Management, International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University

of Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, India

Dr. Kalyan Das GE Power and Water in Industrial Water

Treatment Processes, J F Welch Technology Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Dr. M. S. Mating School of Engineering and Technology,

WBUT, Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Dr. P. K. Khatua Haldia Institute of Technology, Haldia,

West Bengal, India

Dr. Parin ShahDepartment of Chemical Engineering,

Institute of Technology, Nirma University,Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

Dr. Pramendra Kumar M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly,

Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Ravindra W GaikwadPravara Rural Engineering College,

Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India

Dr. Reena Singhal Plastic Technology, H.B.T.I., Kanpur,

Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. S. Priya Department of Biotechnology, S.T.E.T.

Women's College, Mannargudi, Tamil Nadu, India

Dr. S. R. ShahDepartment of Textile Chemistry, Technology &

Engineering, The M. S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, Gujarat, India

Dr. Samson Maria Louis NSri Ramakrishna Institute of Technology,

Coimbatore-Affiliated to Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Mr. Sanjay L BhagatPravara Rural Engineering College, Loni,

Maharashtra, India

Dr. Sharad M Sontakke Institute of Chemical Technology, Mumbai,

Maharashtra, India

Dr. Shikha SumanDepartment of Botany, Banaras Hindu

University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

Dr. Suhas NatyanDepartment of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri

University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India

Dr. Susarla Venkata Ananta Rama SastryMVGR College of Engineering, Vizianagaram,

Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. V. Venkata Basava RaoDepartment of Technology, University College

of Technology (A), Osmania University,Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

Prof. Velluru Sridevi Department of Chemical Engineering, A. U. College of Engineering, Andhra University,

Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

Dr. Venkateswara Rao MalapatiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, RVR &

JC College of Engineering (Autonomous), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution. This journal

is part of the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Industrial Pollution

issues, from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of

emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Prevention and Control of

Industrial Pollution as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of

scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Pollution Science community,

addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.

The core vision of International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution in Journals Pub is

to propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and

professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Industrial Pollution in

general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their papers at

excellently, well-time & successfully.

International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution focuses on original high-quality

research in the realm of Biofilters, Dissolved air flotation, Powdered activated carbon treatment,

Ultrafiltration, Activated sludge bioreactors, Wastewater quality indicators, Sustainable industrial design,

Remediation technologies etc.

The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Prevention

and Control of Industrial Pollution and solutions in the area.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Prevention and

Control of Industrial Pollution. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the

idea of creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others,

reporting new developments in the field of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution.

This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we

would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the

editorial staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Prevention and Control of

Industrial Pollution readers and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of it.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Developing a Simple, Innovative Water MMI Device for IWRM: An Innovative Initiative of Engineering Students Towards Water Challenge

Manasi Vyankatesh Ghamande, Sacchidanand S. Gogawale, Sanjeevani Gogawale 1

2. Analysis of Indra Nagar Underground Water in Winter Season-2015 of Rewa City (M.P.), India M.K. Solanki, O.P. Gupta, D.K. Singh 12

3. Slurry Transportation of Red Mud at High Concentration: A Case StudyV.K. Singh, D. Panda 17

4. Industrial Solid Waste Management: Short ReviewAmit Agnihotri 23

5. Biofiltration and Its ApplicationSona Chahal 26

Contents

IJPCIP (2016) 1–11 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution Vol. 2: Issue 1

www.journalspub.com

Developing a Simple, Innovative Water MMI Device for IWRM:

An Innovative Initiative of Engineering Students Towards Water

Challenge

Manasi Vyankatesh Ghamande1*

, Sacchidanand S. Gogawale1, Sanjeevani Gogawale

2

1Vishwakarma Institute of Technology, Pune, Maharashtra, India

2Zen International Systems, Pune, Maharashtra, India

Abstract Water plays a crucial role for life on our planet. Our water sources are affected by human

activities like use of fuel, as contrast to other living being. It is our moral responsibility to

identify and correct the negative impacts and spread the awareness and to motivate all, to

solve the problem created by us. MMI means measure, monitor and improve. A simple

monitoring, detecting and treatment device is developed by us to spread awareness. It has

further scope for betterment for ease of operation, need based. This device is an innovation

using clean and clean up technology, indicating water purity and providing simplified

treatment till grade 1, medium risk to low risk applications. This treatment and the concept is

as detailed in this paper. This device can be used for quick check and simple treatments

universally, if the contaminants are known and treatment is validated, and where elaborate

potable water test labs and treatments are not available. The device detects and corrects

medium and low risks, based on simple detection, treatment and prompts for suitable

applications, storage and further treatment. The device facilitates the integrated water

resource management based on the grading and treating the water, for suitable applications.

This spreads, motivates and promotes the 4 R concepts of refuse, reduced use, reuse and

recycle. Simple detection and simple treatment as pH test and neutralization, visual test and

filtering, by selective membrane, removal of irritants (foul smell, color, ions) and activated

carbon (or graphene treatment, if needed) with a device currently having activated carbon

developed from garbage and validated by atomic, and mass spectrometer is done, to reach

the grade 1 purity level, as detailed in the paper.

Keywords: activated carbon converter, contaminant, IWRM, MMI, water purity

INTRODUCTION

MMI refers to measure monitor and

improve, and can be used to enhance the

purity of water to a desired level. The team

aims at spreading awareness and initiating

Integrated Water Resource Management

(IWRM) and prompts the gradation and

treatment based on broad categorization of

purity and end application of water under

consideration using Simple device based

on MMI. Being member of Youth and

United Nations Global alliance (YUNGA),

we are actively working on water

challenges from the time of our school

days. With known application, and

storage, and minimum drainage, the

contaminants are known and treatment is

easy, so is detection and risk management.

A simple control and treatment is possible

on small scale easily than to apply it at

large scale and when multiple

contaminants are mixed.[1]

However, we



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Slurry Transportation of Red Mud at High Concentration: A Case Study

V.K. Singh*, D. Panda Department of Chemical Engineering, C.V. Raman College of Engineering, Bhubaneswar, India

Abstract

Rheological studies have been conducted of red mud-sand-lime grit mixture (supplied by M/S

Nalco, Damanjodi, Odisha) using Haake RV rotational rheometer. The slurry shows

Newtonian behavior upto 50% concentration by weight and non-Newtonian Bingham

behavior thereafter. Beyond 65% Cw, additives are used to reduce pressure drop. The results

show that it is economical to transport red mud mixture slurry at 60% concentration by

weight as against 20% which is practiced at present.

Keywords: power consumption, red mud, rheology

INTRODUCTION

Red mud is a waste product generated by

Bayer process for extracting alumina

from bauxite. The disposal of red mud

poses problem of considerable

magnitude. At present red mud is

transported with an equal proportion of

coarse particles (designated as sand)

which is separated in the early stage of

the process. M/s NALCO (National

Aluminium Corporation Limited),

Damnjodi Odisha is transporting red

mud–sand slurry at a concentration of

20% by weight through a pipeline of 200

mm dia. and 300 km distance by two

centrifugal pumps connected in series.

Nalco also generates lime grit at a rate of

30 ton/day. At these concentrations, the

slurry has to be transported at very high

velocities to prevent the sand from

settling, thus giving rapid wear to the

pipeline.

Further, economic and environmental

problem of considerable magnitude is

also present owing to high alkaline

nature of the red mud. In the disposal

ponds while the coarse sand particles

settle rapidly, it takes much longer for

fine red mud particles to settle out which

consolidates very slowly. This results in

two effects. Firstly, it is difficult to

rehabilitate the disposal area after the

latter has been filled and secondly, the

caustic liquor may early penetrate

through the porous sediment to the

underground water supplies.

These problems may be greatly reduced

in magnitude by dry disposal methods,

i.e., by pumping the red mud at solid

concentrations as high as possible. At

high concentration pumping the

suspension can be transported in laminar

flow due to the presence of yield

stress.[1]

Pumping at high concentration

would also increase the holding capacity

of the disposal pond and the volume of

the water to be pumped back also

considerably reduces. The present study

has been carried out to transport lime git

along with red mud – sand mixtures at

higher concentration (60–65% by

weight) so that the pond occupancy with

water will reduce enhancing its capacity

thereby.



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Industrial Solid Waste Management: Short Review

Amit Agnihotri*

Department of Chemical Engineering, ITM, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

Abstract

Solid waste has become a problem for many urban cities and an actual crisis for others. With

the advent of rapid industrialization, there is increased amount of wastes being disposed of

on land or in open water bodies. This is creating a serious problem for the whole ecosystem.

Waste management is required to be dealt with on a serious note; else the long-lasting effect

of these wastes can be disastrous to the well-being of all living organisms.

Keywords: incineration, landfill, solid waste, waste management

INTRODUCTION

Rapid industrialization has resulted in

generation of huge amount of wastes, both

solid and liquid. Despite several cautions

given by pollution control authority, these

wastes are often dumped randomly

anywhere on land or discharged into water

bodies, without any prior treatment.

Several small and large scale industries

simply dump their waste which is quite

toxic and hazardous, in open spaces or

nearby water sources. These include

wastes from pulp and paper, fruit and

processing, sugar or starch, dairies,

tanneries, slaughterhouses, poultries, etc.

Over the past few decades, several

incidents of serious and long-lasting

damage to environment by these industries

have been reported. Industrial waste

management is not the responsibility of

local authorities. It is the duty of the

industries that generate wastes to manage

it all by themselves and can seek help from

respective State Pollution Control Boards

(SPCBs) under appropriate rules.[1]

Many

local governments provide counseling,

consulting and recommendations to

organizations on what they can do to better

manage their waste and plan for a more

environmentally friendly treatment

processes. Many cities and countries have

put new laws into place to heavily tax

industries that produce excess amounts of

waste or create potentially detrimental

effects on the air and ecosystem.[2]

CLASSIFICATION OF INDUSTRIAL

WASTE

Broadly, the industrial wastes can be

grouped into two types, viz., hazardous and

non-hazardous industrial wastes.

Hazardous Industrial Waste

As such there is no particular definition

that explains hazardous industrial waste.

Different organizations have defined

hazardous wastes in their own different

ways. It is believed that around 10–15% of

wastes generated from the industries are

hazardous. Not only this, the generation of

such wastes is increasing at the rate of 2–

5% per year. In India, hazardous industrial

wastes are generated not only from the

industries but are also imported from

different Western countries for re-

processing and recycling.



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Biofiltration and Its Application

Sona Chahal* Department of Electrical and Electronics, Lord Krishna College of Engineering, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India

Biofiltration is one of the emerging

technologies that deals with treatment

processes used in water, wastewater and

other toxic compounds. In water treatment,

it is used to purify the surface water for

potable use whereas in wastewater

treatment, the main purpose of filtration is

to produce effluent of high quality so that

it can be reused for various purposes.

Originally, biofilter was developed using

rock or slag as filter media, however now-

a-days, several types and shapes of plastic

media are often used.

A biofilter comprises of a filter with

attached biomass on the filter-media.

Currently, several small package treatment

plants with different brand names are

available in the market in which variously

shaped plastic materials are packed as

filter media and are mainly used for the

treatment of small volumes of wastewater

such as those from the household or hotels.

Irrespective of its different names, the

basic principle in a biofilter remains the

same i.e., biodegradations of pollutants by

the micro-organisms attached onto the

filter media.

Typically, a biofilter is composed of a

solid support, covered by an active

biofilm, and a bed through which the

harmful compounds pass. In the

biofiltration system, the pollutants are

removed based on biological degradation

rather than physical straining as is the case

in normal filter.

As the filtration process progresses,

microorganisms including aerobic,

anaerobic, and facultative bacteria; fungi;

algae; and protozoa gradually develops on

the surface of the filter media forming a

biological film or slime layer called

biofilm. The development of this biofilm

may take just a few days to even months

depending on the influent organic

concentration.

The critical parameter essential for

successful operation of a biofilter is to

control and maintain a healthy biomass on

the surface of the filter. Since, the

performance of a biofilter is largely

dependent upon the microbial activities; a

constant source of substrates i.e., organic

substance or nutrients, are required for its

consistent and effective operation. Three

main biological practices occur inside a

biofilter. These are (i) attachment of

microorganism, (ii) growth of

microorganism and (iii) deterioration and

detachment of microorganisms.

Biofilters have low capital and operation

costs, and makes use of low amount of

chemicals. The technology can be used to

treat pollutants of different forms

including odors and other toxic

compounds.

There is possibility for varied types of

media, micro-organisms and operational

conditions for biofiltration. Also, it is easy

to fit the biofilters in any space. However,

biofiltration technology is also associated

with certain disadvantages. The

technology is unsuitable for compounds

that have low adsorption and/or

degradation rates. For high chemical

emissions, large biofilter units are needed

to treat contaminated sources. Also, the

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Mechanical Engineering

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Architecture

Applied Mechanics

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Computer Science and Engineering

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Article 2

016


Prevention & Control of

Industrial Pollution

www.journalspub.com

JAN – JUNE 2016

IJPCIP

Education

International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial Pollution vol 2 issue 1