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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
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and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
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Applied Mechanics
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Computer Science and Engineering « International Journal of Wireless Network Security« International Journal of Algorithms Design and Analysis« International Journal of Mobile Computing Devices« International Journal of Software Computing and Testing« International Journal of Data Structures and Algorithms
Nanotechnology« International Journal of Applied Nanotechnology« International Journal of Nanomaterials and Nanostructures« International Journals of Nanobiotechnology
« International Journal of Solid State Materials« International Journal of Optical Sciences
Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
« International Journal of Environmental Chemistry« International Journal of Agrochemistry« International Journal of Prevention and Control of Industrial
Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
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Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
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Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
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International Journal of
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EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Arka ChaudhuriDepartment of Applied Science, Haldia Institute
of Technology, Haldia (West Bengal) India
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Andhra Pradesh India
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Dr. Bijan DebDepartment of Physics Ambedkar College,
Fatikroy Tripura, India
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H. P., India
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Engineering University College of Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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Metallurgical and Materials Engineering,Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) at
Roorkee, India
Balaji PanchapakesanWorcester Polytechnic Institute Higgins
Laboratory United States
Dr Mohanan PVScientist & Head, Toxicology Division,
Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and
Technology Poojapura, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India.
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Varanasi, U.P, India
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Portugal
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Group, Indian Jute Industries' Research Association (IJIRA), Kolkata, India
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Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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and Engineering, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi, India
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Technology, Bhubaneswar,Odisha, India.
EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Manikandan VaiProfessor, Kalasalingam University,
Sriviliputhur
Dr. Lixin XueNingbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
China
Bharath K NGM Institute of Technology,
India
Dr. Shyam KhambholjaB.&B. Institute of Technology (affiliated to
GTU) India
From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
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and the validation of emerging technologies.
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winding, Lanxide process, Tufting, Z-pinning, Chemical vapour infiltration, Epoxy granite, Nano-
composites, Hybrid material, Composite laminates, Constituent materials of concrete
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and Constituent Materials and solutions in the area.
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Puneet Mehrotra
Managing Director
1. Nonpremixed and Partially Premixed Natural Gas Combustor Stimulation Sakshi Jain 1
2. Production of Nitric Acid and its Stimulation Amaan A. Ruhul 7
3. Computation of Gas Turbine System as Renewable Energy Conversion MechanismsNikhil Dev 10
4. Graph Theory and Matrix Method for Development and Design of Combustion EngineNikhil Dev 16
5. Methodology Development for Lubricant Selection for Steam Turbine Bearing Using GTANikhil Dev 26
Contents
IJCCM (2016) 1–6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Nonpremixed and Partially Premixed Natural Gas Combustor
Stimulation
Sakshi Jain* Department of Chemical Engineering, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science, Madhya Pradesh, India
Abstract This paper highlights on the expansive vortex recreation approach for non-premixed and
somewhat premixed combustor. On account of vast whirlpool reenactment, basically two
scalars are thought about that is blend part and the other one is the advancement variable
blend division, which tracks the blending of fuel and the oxidizer, and an advancement
variable which tracks the worldwide degree of response of the nearby blend. On account of
non-premixed burning, there are two ports accommodated fuel and oxidizer and the blending
of fuel with oxidizer happens inside the combustor and because of diss emination this
blending happens and two scalars considered on account of non-premixed are the blend
division and likelihood thickness capacity (PDF).
Keywords: LES, progress variable, mixture fraction
INTRODUCTION As a large portion of the combustors are
exceptionally turbulent and for tackling
this turbulence approach extensive vortex
recreation is connected as on account of
non-premixed ignition. Chiefly two scalars
are consolidated; initial one is the blend
portion and another is likelihood thickness
capacity (PDF).
While on account of halfway premixed
combustor progress variable c is presented.
In non-premixed combustor blend division
is accounted as fuel rich combustibility
restrain and computed on the premise of
response reactant and item mole part,
while PDF decides the variety of mean
temperature as for blend portion. In the
interim on account of incompletely
premixed, it fuses the advancement
variable c which decides the fire front
unburnt and blazed state of the response.
In front of the fire, fuel and oxidizer are
blended however unburnt, yet behind the
fire c=1 blend is smoldered. Standard
ignition models depend on completely
premixed and completely non-premixed
ideas are not reasonable for the
demonstrating of in part premixed
circumstances.[1]
PROBLEM FORMULATION
This is the issue detailing for in part
premixed ignition. This is an in part
premixed burning case, which has inflows
that reflect both premixed (fuel inflow)
and non-premixed (fuel and air blending)
conditions.
The fuel (CH4) and air blend has an
identicalness proportion of 0.8,
characterized in the Physics Setup. It is
infused at T=150 K with a hub speed of
40 m/s and whirl speed (Θ bearing) of
60 m/s. The air inflow is at T=250 K and
is infused at 20 m/s pivotally, with no
twirl. This case is axisymmetric thus the
physical ignition chamber is thought to be
IJCCM (2016) 7–9 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 7
International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Production of Nitric Acid and its Stimulation
Amaan A. Ruhul
*
Chemical Engineering Department, BUET, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Abstract Nitric acid has been known and regarded for quite a while. Most nitric acid is utilized as a
part of making ammonium nitrate. Its immediate applications incorporate photoengraving,
metal pickling and passivation and the separating substance of gold and silver. Here the
Oswald procedure is utilized to create nitric acid. This procedure is mimicked utilizing
HYSYS recreation programming. The reason for this reproduction was to watch the
thermodynamic properties of the procedure. We likewise watched the progressions which
will happen if the properties of various unit were changed. By performing reenactment
53.2% fluid HNO3 is gotten for 152520 lbm/hour air and 500 2bm/hour smelling salts
information stream.
Keywords: composite materials, nitric acid, Oswald
INTRODUCTION
The basic view of “corrosive” proposes
stringency, destructiveness and something
fit for disintegration of another substance.
In any case, not all acids are, or can be
seen to be along these lines, with the
exception of that nitric corrosive may be
thought to be a to a great degree damaging
compound in that it was the premise of
explosives furthermore composts – the
practically polar inverse of an unstable as
it helps plants to develop.
Be that as it may, this adaptable corrosive
(there is numerous nitric acid uses) has
found to equip for use in numerous
mechanical and substance forms. As a
basic piece of explosives make that, albeit
known for quite a while, got from the
absence of regular nitrates to fuel the
German war exertion preceding the First
World War. Nitric corrosive can be
utilized to produce segments of
trinitrotoluene (TNT).
As a farming manure where it advances
vivacious development in plants, there is,
in any case, a shocking symptom in that
nitrates are exceptionally solvent in water
and when connected to well-depleting soil,
they filter into the watercourse and in the
long run reach streams and waterways.
Once in the water it animates the
development of green growth that, thusly,
deoxygenates the water to smother
development in other plant structures and
creature life. It can be utilized as an
oxidizing operator as a part of the creation
of some strong powers for rocket impetus;
segment of rocket fuel going about as an
oxidizer.
As a maturing agent in woodwork where it
can be utilized as a part of extremely
weaken frames (normally underneath
20%) to change the presence of a few
woods and to create a shading like that of
oiled or waxed surfaces old.[1–5]
IJCCM (2016) 10–15 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 10
International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Computation of Gas Turbine System as Renewable Energy Conversion Mechanisms
Nikhil Dev
*
Mechanical Engineering Department, YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
Abstract
In the present work thermo-economic analysis of a cogeneration cycle is carried out so that any power generation industry can choose best power generation system out of the choices available with organisation. Mathematical modeling for the cost evaluation of each component is developed and results are obtained with computational programming tool EES (Engineering Equation Solver). Form results it is being found that with change in combustion chamber outlet temperature or turbine inlet temperature from 1373 K to 1723 K the purchase equipment cost for combustion chamber and gas turbine is multiplied by 85.36 and 2041.85 times respectively. Gas turbine section and air compressor section are attached with solid shaft. The rotational speed of the both sections are same. Factors responsible for increasing the cost of gas turbine section are similar to air compressor section. For gas turbine section it is evaluated that with increase in air mass flow rate from 85 kg/s to 115 kg/s, the cost is increased by 43.72%. Therefore, with the help of the methodology present in the present work it is possible for the power plant managers to decide about the suitability in power generation capability development in association with renewable and non-renewable energy conversion systems. Keywords: cogeneration cycle, cost, economy, thermodynamic
INTRODUCTION Gas turbine system is the energy conversion system utilized for base load, intermediate load and peak load power generation either alone or in combined cycle mode.
[1] In cogeneration mode of
operation heat and power is generated with high power gas turbines and lighter gas turbine are used for mechanical drives used in gas or oil transportation. In modern gas turbine market power range of gas turbines is very wide as their applications are also diverse and numerous.
[2]
In recent years, the number of gas turbines for power generation has increased due to their high efficiency, reliability of operation, lesser maintenance and lower installation time. The decision on the selection of different types of the power
plant may be accomplished with some suitable decision making tools.
[3–5]
In the present work a review on the exergoeconomic analysis is presented with the applications in renewable energy.
[6]
Exergy of a system is the maximum amount of useful work which may be extracted out from the system when heat reservoir is the surrounding.
[6–8] Gas
turbines are available in different sizes and micro gas turbines with power output less than 100 kW are also now available for distributed power generation and cogeneration. Most stationary gas turbines are fuelled with natural gas (CNG) or other similar fuels as the ash content is lower in gaseous fuels and frequent maintenance is avoided. Gas turbines in aircrafts are fuelled with kerosene which is a light
IJCCM (2016) 16–25 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 16
International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Graph Theory and Matrix Method for Development and Design
of Combustion Engine
Nikhil Dev* Mechanical Engineering Department, YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
Abstract
The idea upon which any methodology development is pillared leads to real time decisions if
simulation and assessment is as per the standard codes set by standard organizations. More
near is the system with standard system more it is appropriate for operation. In the present
work system under consideration is internal combustion engine. Fuel cost is one of the most
important parameter in life cycle analysis of the internal combustion engines. Therefore,
efficiency analysis becomes the prior most parameter to be analyzed. In the present work a
methodology is developed for efficiency analysis of an internal combustion engine.
Parameters and factors affecting engine performance are identified and different sections are
developed as per the parameters. Value of permanent function for present case is 5992 and
for the real time case is 5638. Value of relative quality index comes out to be 37.51 %. From
graph theory and matrix method it came out that with decrease in compression ratio,
efficiency is decreased from 39.51% to 37.51%.
Keywords: efficiency, emission, IC engine, index
INTRODUCTION
The internal combustion engine is a
mechanical system in which the burning of
fuel occurs in confined space known as
combustion chamber. Combustion
chamber is an integral part of this system.
As the burning of fuel takes place
therefore, a lot of thermal energy is
released.
This thermal energy increases temperature
and pressure of the system. Combustion is
the process in which chemical bond energy
of the fuel is converted into thermal energy
by chemical reaction in between fuel and
oxidizer.
Identification of fuel or oxidizer is
dependent upon the electronegativity.
Electronegativity is the tendency of
an atom to attract electrons towards
itself.[1]
An accurate scale of measuring
electronegativity proposed by was Linus
Pauling in 1932 which depends on bond
energies and came to be known as Pauling
Scale (relative scale running from around
0.7 to 3.98). Fluorine is most
electronegative element with
electronegativity 3.98 afterward comes
oxygen with 3.44.
A system in which chemical energy gets
converted into thermal energy can be
called as Combustion system. The
combustion need to be analyzed carefully
so that the maximum efficiency and the
smooth functioning of an IC engine are
obtained. The term combustion is of
utmost importance; usually the combustion
IJCCM (2016) 26–38 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 26
International Journal of Composite and Constituent Materials Vol. 2: Issue 1
www.journalspub.com
Methodology Development for Lubricant Selection for Steam Turbine Bearing Using GTA
Nikhil Dev*
Mechanical Engineering Department, YMCA University of Science and Technology, Faridabad, Haryana, India
Abstract
Lubrication of two rubbing surfaces is required so that wear and tear is minimum. There are a lot of additives used to improve the lubricity of the lubricants. At present steam turbines are used to generate electricity from coal. A lot of lubricant is supplied to turbine bearings so that friction is minimized and also the wear and tear also. A lot of manufacturers are producing lubricants with different properties. In the present work properties are identified and a suitability index in correspondence to these properties for different lubricants is evaluated. All the nine properties of lubricants affected suitability index are identified and their interdependence is also established. Performance evaluation of a lubricant necessitates to consider the inheritance of lubricant characteristics and the solution is near to real time situation when their interdependence is also considered in the modeling. For a solution near to real time situation inheritance of characteristics along with interdependence is incorporated with the help of Graph Theoretic Approach (GTA), as explained in manuscript. GTA results into an index representing the suitability of nano-particle added lubricant. From the results it is found that highest index value is 1. Lowest index values for different characteristics are found to be 0.3478, 0.3091, 0.2845, 0.3568, 0.3295, 0.3865, 0.3547, 0.3285 and 0.3945. The proposed methodology is explained with the help of an example. Keywords: lubricant, factor, digraph, matrix, permanent function, methodology INTRODUCTION The branch of technology or engineering dealing with the rubbing surfaces is tribology. Lubrication of components decreases wear and tear of components, increases heat transfer, reduces friction. All it is achieved with the help of thin film of fluid with a viscosity suitable for particular application. As the domain of applications are increasing so is the properties domain are also expanding. At present nano-particles are doped to achieve the desired properties. Nano-technology is the branch of science expanding at a very fast rate. In this science the controlling of molecules is better and desired properties are achieved to higher depth. Molecular structure of nano particles and their characteristic to influence the properties of material to which these are added is exploited to improve the lubricating
characteristic of turbine bearing lubricants. At present a lot of research is going on in decision making in power generation industry and other organisation. Design and development of new lubricants is one of them. A lot of different studies has been performed in decision making also. Dev et al [1] developed a computational methodology for the assessment of dual pressure non-reheat combined-cycle power plant with change in drum pressure. A GTA based methodology was also proposed by Dev et al [2] for the evaluation of combined cycle power plant. Thermodynamic analysis of a combined heat and power system was carried out to study the effect of different parameters on
Mechanical Engineering
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¬ International Journal of Thermal Energy andApplications
¬ International Journal of Production Engineering¬ International Journal of Industrial Engineering
and Design¬ International Journal of Manufacturing and
Materials Processing¬ International Journal of Mechanical Handling and
Automation
« International Journal of Radio Frequency Design« International Journal of VLSI Design and Technology« International Journal of Embedded Systems and Emerging
Technologies« International Journal of Digital Electronics« International Journal of Digital Communication and Analog
Signals
« International Journal of Housing and Human SettlementPlanning
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« International Journal of Rural and Regional PlanningDevelopment
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Applied Mechanics
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Physics
« International Journal of Renewable Energy and itsCommercialization
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Pollution
Civil Engineering« International Journal of Water Resources Engineering« International Journal of Concrete Technology« International Journal of Structural Engineering and Analysis« International Journal of Construction Engineering and
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Electrical Engineering« International Journal of Analog Integrated Circuits« International Journal of Automatic Control System« International Journal of Electrical Machines & Drives« International Journal of Electrical Communication
Engineering« International Journal of Integrated Electronics Systems and
Circuits
Material Sciences and Engineering « International Journal of Energetic Materials« International Journal of Bionics and Bio-Materials« International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology« International Journal of Bio-Materials and Biomedical
Engineering
Chemistry « International Journal of Photochemistry« International Journal of Analytical and Applied Chemistry« International Journal of Green Chemistry« International Journal of Chemical and Molecular
Engineering
« International Journal of Electro Mechanics andMechanical Behaviour
« International Journal of Machine Design andManufacturing
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Biomaterials« International Journal of Plant Biotechnology« International Journal of Molecular Biotechnology« International Journal of Biochemistry and Biomolecules« International Journal of Animal Biotechnology and
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International Journal of
Composite & Constituent
MaterialsJan – June 2016 IJCcM