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Presentation on international developments in open access given at the Special Libraries Association Arabian Gulf Chapter 2014 annual conference in Doha, Qatar.
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Sarah L. ShreevesUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Special Libraries Association – Arabian Gulf Chapter 2014March 25, 2014 - Doha, Qatar
INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS IN OPEN
ACCESS: An overview of trends at the
national, funder, and institutional levels
Open by Matt Katzenburger http://www.flickr.com/photos/matthileo/4826783509/ CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
Whether open access is ‘good’ is no longer
the question.
The question is how open access will be
implemented and who will make that
decision.
Open access literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.
- Peter Suber
DEFINITIONS
Most open access discussions and activities are focused on the peer-reviewed journal literature
Open access can also apply to monographs, conference papers and presentations, textbooks, and other scholarly output
Open access is a model seen across all disciplines, but has the most activity in the sciences.
DEFINITIONS
TWO (AND A HALF) ROADS TO OPEN ACCESS
Open Access Publishing
(journals & books)‘gold’ ‘hybrid’
Archiving(self, institutional,
disciplinary)‘green’
Two Roads Were There by Simon Kirby http://www.flickr.com/photos/1000/187984223/ (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
GRATIS and LIBRE
Gratis: You can read it for free. Anything else, you better ask permission.
Libre: With credit given, OK to text-mine, re-catalog, mirror for preservation, quote, remix, whatever.
Most OA is gratis. You get to “libre” via Creative Commons licensing, usually.Definitions from Dorothea Salo
POLICIES
National Funder
InstitutionalSub-institutional
Governments
WHO ARE THE ACTORS?
Public
Libraries
Researchers
Research funders
Publishers
Research institutions
Business
Economic good
WHAT ARE THE DRIVERS?
Access
Sustainability
Wide dissemination
Return on Investment
Customer demand
Increased visibility
Innovation
INSTITUTIONAL MANDATE/POLICY
• Often permission based (i.e. the faculty grant rights to institution to make available research)
• Successful institutional policies:
• Come from the faculty themselves• Include an opt out waiver• Infrastructure support sits in the Library
often (usually through the use of an institutional repository)
• Do not specify where faculty should publish
Widener Memorial Library by Mak506 http://www.flickr.com/photos/mak506/2771080083/ (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
SUB-INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES
- Some departments / research centers
- Most often focused on electronic theses and dissertations
NATIONAL AND FUNDER POLICIES
National policies are often essentially funder policies (i.e. are put in effect via the funders)
Increasingly private funders – particularly in medical sector – are instituting OA policies
Nov 2013 – Argentina passes law that requires publicly funded research to be made openly available in a repository.
May 2012 - United Kingdom Finch Report that requires OA with emphasis on ‘gold’
Feb 2013 – White House issues a directive to federal agencies to require open access
Dec 2013 – European Commission requires OA through Horizon 2020 Initiative.
See also national funders in- Australia- Canada- Denmark- Norway- Peru- Singapore….and more
CASE STUDY: OPEN ACCESS AT THE NATIONAL LEVEL IN THE US
2005 US National Institutes of Health strongly recommends OA to published research2006 Introduction of the Federal Research
Publication Access Act (also 2010,2012)2008 US NIH policy enacted into law as requirement of funding2011 Introduction of the Research Works Act2012 Research Works Act loses support2013 Introduction of Fair Access to Science
and Technology Act2013 NIH starts to enforce compliance for OA policy
February 2013
John P. Holdren, Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) of the White House, issues a memorandum
directing all federal agencies with over $100 million in research and development expenditures to “develop a plan to support increased public access to the results of
research funded by the Federal Government.”
2014 - Introduction of the Frontiers in Innovation, Research, Science and Technology Act (FIRST)
HOW WILL THE OSTP DIRECTIVE BE IMPLEMENTED?
The Clearinghouse for the Open Research of the United States (CHORUS) from a group of over 100 publishers and related organizations. See http://chorusaccess.org/.
Shared Access Research Ecosystem (SHARE) from the Association of Research Libraries (ARL), the Association of American Universities (AAU), and the Association of Public and Land-grant Universities (APLU). See http://www.arl.org/focus-areas/public-access-policies/shared-access-research-ecosystem-share
Or ????
What’s next?
I see two possible scenarios, one in which publishers effectively appropriate OA to their own ends, another in which the research community takes charge
and oversees the development of an OA environment more suited to its needs
than the needs of publishers.
– Richard Poynder, March 2014
Tit le Sl ide: Open by Matt Katzenburger htt p://www.fl ickr.com/photos/matt hi leo/4826783509/ under a CC BY-NC-SA 2.0
Two Roads Were There by S imon K i rby http://www.fl ickr.com/photos/1000/187984223/ (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
Widener Memor ia l L ibrary by Mak506 http://www.fl ickr.com/photos/mak506/2771080083/ (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0)
Al l Photos used under a Creative Commons Attr ibution Non-Commercial Share-Al ike 2.0 License. I f you reuse this presentation, PLEASE INCLUDE CREDITS FOR IMAGES REFERENCED ABOVE!!
This presentation is l icensed under the Creative Commons Attr ibution Non-Commercial Share-Al ike 4.0 License. http://creativecommons.org/l icenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ Images used may have diff erent terms; please consult with the terms associated with those images before reusing them.
ATTRIBUTION/LEGAL STUFF