- 1. The world today is characterized by an evergrowing number of
contacts resulting incommunication between people with
differentlinguistic and cultural backgrounds. Thiscommunication
takes place because of contactsin areas of business, military
cooperation,science, education, mass media, entertainment,tourism
and also because of immigrationbrought about by labor shortage or
politicalconflicts. (Allwood, 2003)
2. Communication[kuh-myoo-ni-key-shuhn]noun1.the act or process
of communicating2.the imparting or interchange of
thoughts,opinions, information by speech, writing,
orsigns.(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/communication) 3.
LANGUAGELanguage is an abstract system of word meaning and symbols
for all aspects of culture. 4. It includes:0Speech0Symbols0Written
0Gestures characters0Expressions of0Numerals
non-verbalcommunication 5. TWO TYPES OF COMMUNICATION0Verbal-
refers to use of language0Non-Verbal- refer to the use of gestures,
facial expressions, and other body movements 6. PARALANGUAGE- is
the language of gestures, expressions and postures 7. Language is a
system of verbal and, in many cases,written symbols with rules
about how those symbolscan be strung together to convey more
complexmeanings. It is impossible to overstate theimportance of
language in the development,elaboration, and transmission of
culture. Languageenables people to store meanings and experiences
topass this heritage to new generations. Throughlanguage, we are
able to learn about and from theexperiences of others. In addition,
language enablesus to transcend the here and now, preserving the
pastand imagining the future. It also makes possible theformulation
of complex plans and ideas.(Calhoun, et al., 1994) 8. The meaning
of verbal andnonverbal gestures vary from oneculture to another.
(Schaefer,2003) 9. A mans language is a reflectionof the kind of
person he is, thelevel of education he has attainedand an index to
the behavior thatmay be expected from him. 10. Humans are the only
living creaturesknownto be capable ofcommunicating intricate
systems ofsymbols, storing knowledge, andtransmitting this
knowledge to a newgeneration. 11. Language is the key factor in
thesuccess of the human race increating and preserving culture,
forwithout language the ability toconvey ideas and traditions
isimpossible. 12. THE STUDY OF LANGUAGE0Phonology0Semantics
0Grammar0Pragmatics 13. PHONOLOGY- refers to a system of sounds 14.
SEMANTICS- is a study of word meanings and word combinations 15.
GRAMMAR- refers to the structure of languagethrough its morphology
and syntax 16. PRAGMATICS- is concerned rules for the use
ofappropriate language particular contexts 17. The pupil learns to
take turns inspeaking, to remain silent whileother speak, and to
speak differentlyin different settings such as theclassroom and the
play ground.(Hetherington and Parke, 1999) 18. If culture can
affect the structureand content of its language, thenit follows
that linguisticdiversity derives in part fromcultural diversity.
19. Language is an integral part ofculture and human culturecannot
exist without it. 20. What we have observed and experienced, aswell
as our norms, values, and ideas existsbecause we have learned to
identify orexperience these things through language.These things
are shared and transmitted fromone generation to another through
process ofsocialization. (Panopio et al, 1992) 21. An approach that
may reveal the differencebetween language and culture is to study
howchildren in different cultures ( speakingdifferent languages)
develop concepts as theygrow up.If language influences the
information of aparticular concept, we might expect thatchildren
will acquire that concept earlier insocieties where the languages
emphasizes thatconcept. 22. One long-standing claim concerningthe
relationship between languageand culture is that the structure
oflanguage determines the way inwhich speakers of that languageview
the world. 23. Edward Sapir, a linguist, acknowledged theclose
relationship between language andculture, maintaining that they
wereinextricably related so that you could notunderstand or
appreciate the one without aknowledge of the
other.(htttp://wwww.josh manning.com/friends/whorf.htm) 24. THE
LINGUISTIC-RELATIVITY HYPOTHESIS- Asserts that language
actuallydetermines the possibilities for a cultures norms, beliefs
and values.- Another acceptable version of the theory recognizes
the mutual influences of culture and language. 25. The
linguistic-relativity hypothesisasserts that language determines
thoughtand therefore culture. In reality languageand culture
influence each other.- Edward Sapir 26. Every human language allows
itsspeakers to express an infinite thoughtsand ideas that can
persist even after theiroriginators are gone.This property of human
language which isnot shared by any other known species,allows human
to transmit their culturefrom one generation to the
next.(Eisley,1970 as cited by Kornblum, 1991) 27. Every society has
a culture, no matter how simple the culture may be, and every human
being cultured in the sense of participating in some culture or
other. 28. Aculture is made - - or destroyed - - by itsarticulate
voices.- Ayn Rand(Russian born American Writer and
Novelist,1905-1982) 29. THANK YOU~! God Bless!
