Intelligent Transportation System

By -Durgesh MishraGopal TekkarPrabhat Kumar

Contents

Introduction

Why ITS?

Intelligent Transport Technologies

Intelligent Transport Applications

Introduction• The term Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) refers to

information and communication technology, applied to transport infrastructure and vehicles, that improve transport outcomes such as:➢Transport Safety➢Transport Productivity ➢Travel Reliability➢ Informed Travel Choices➢Social Equity➢Environmental Performance ➢Network Operation Resilience

Why ITS?Interest in ITS comes from the problems caused by

Traffic congestion :-❖ Efficiency of transportation infrastructure❖ Increased motorization, ❖ Urbanization, and❖ Increases travel time, ❖ Air pollution, and fuel consumption.

Intelligent Transport TechnologiesInductive Loop Detection & Sensing Technologies

Video Vehicle Detection

Wireless Communications

Computational Technologies

Floating Car Data/Floating Cellular Data

Wireless Communications

DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)❖It offers communication b/w the vehicle and roadside in specific

location (for example Toll Plaza, Electronic Fee Collection).❖Sub-set of RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology.

CALM (Continuous Air Interface Long And Medium Range)❖It provides communication b/w the vehicle and roadside using a

variety of communication media❖Applications are Vehicle Safety and Information.

Computational Technologies

❖ Microprocessor modules with hardware memory management ❖ Real-Time Operating Systems. ❖ Model-based process control, ❖ Artificial Intelligence, and Ubiquitous computing.

Floating Car Data/Floating Cellular Data

❖ "Floating car" data collection is a set of relatively low-cost methods for obtaining travel time and speed data for vehicles traveling along streets, highways, freeways, and other transportation routes.

❖ Broadly speaking, two methods have been used to obtain the raw data:▪ Vehicle Re-Identification▪ GPS Based Methods

Vehicle Re-identification • Sets of detectors mounted along the road.• A unique serial number for a device in the vehicle .• Travel times and speed are calculated by comparing the

time at which a specific device is detected by pairs of sensors. This can be done using the❖ MAC (Machine Access Control) addresses from

Bluetooth devices.❖RFID serial numbers from Electronic Toll Collection

(ETC)..

Sensing Technologies❖RFID (Radio Frequency Identification),❖Inexpensive intelligent beacon sensing technologies,:-

Have enhanced the technical capabilities that will facilitate motorist safety benefits for intelligent transportation systems globally.❖Sensing systems for ITS are vehicle- and infrastructure-based

networked systems.❖Pavement Loop :- Are use to sense the presence of vehicle

demand at parking lot entrances.❖Pressure Pad :- Are used to sense the presence of pedestrians

waiting to cross a roadway.

Inductive Loop Detection❖ Inductive loops can be placed in a roadbed to detect vehicles as they

pass through the loop's magnetic field. ❖ The simplest detectors simply count the number of vehicles during a

unit of time (typically 60 seconds) that pass over the loop.❖ While more sophisticated sensors estimate the speed, length, and

weight of vehicles and the distance between them. ❖ Loops can be placed in a single lane or across multiple lanes, and

they work with very slow or stopped vehicles as well as vehicles moving at high-speed.

Video Vehicle Detection

❖ Used in automatic number plate recognition.❖ Video from black-and-white or color cameras is fed into

processors that analyze the changing characteristics of the video image as vehicles pass.

❖ The cameras are typically mounted on poles or structures above or adjacent to the roadway.

Intelligent Transport Applications

Emergency Vehicle Notification Systems

Automatic Road Enforcement

Variable Speed Limits

Collision Avoidance Systems

Dynamic Traffic Light Sequence

eCall

Automatic Road Enforcement❖ Speed cameras that identify vehicles traveling over the legal speed

limit. Many such devices use radar to detect a vehicle's speed or electromagnetic loops buried in each lane of the road.

❖ Red light cameras that detect vehicles that cross a stop line or designated stopping place while a red traffic light is showing.

❖ Bus lane cameras that identify vehicles traveling in lanes reserved for buses. In some jurisdictions, bus lanes can also be used by taxis or vehicles engaged in car pooling.

❖ Level crossing cameras that identify vehicles crossing railways at grade illegally.

❖ Double white line cameras that identify vehicles crossing these lines.

❖ High-occupancy vehicle lane cameras for that identify vehicles violating HOV requirements.

Automatic speed enforcement gantry or "Lombada Eletrônica" with ground sensors at Brasilia, D.F.

Variable Speed Limits

Collision Avoidance Systems