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Part 1 of 2-Part Webinar, presented March 14, 2013 by Rebecca K. Miller, Heather Moorfield-Lang, and Carolyn Meier.
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INTEGRATING IPADS AND TABLET COMPUTERS
INTO LIBRARY SERVICESPART I
Rebecca K. Miller, Heather Moorefield-Lang, and Carolyn Meier
March 14, 2013
Courtesy of www.istockphoto.com
Image courtesy of Montlieu Academy of Technology
Overview of Workshop, Part IMarch 14, 2013
Welcome and overview of WebexIntroductions of presenters Tablets: what are they? Why tablets?Tablet comparisons Types of tablet programs and setting them upBegin discussion of case studiesQuestionsPreview of next week
The Tall and Short of It
Quick Poll!
Why are you participating in today’s workshop?
A. My library is interested in starting or improving our tablet program
B. Personal interest in tablets
C. I own a tablet—what do I do with it?!
D. My boss made me do this
E. All of the above!
Integrating iPads & Tablets What types of libraries are integrating iPads and other
tablet computers?
This webinar will touch on the use of tablets in academic, public, and school libraries.
Many thanks to our friends in different libraries all over the country who have shared their stories with us!
Stay up to date with us and our projects via our Tumblr site: http://tabletsinlibraries.tumblr.com/
Tablets: What Are They?
Image shared by Anandbadsu via a CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 license
• Tablets are not a new technology
• The term “tablet” is a bit loaded, since it evokes recent machines (tablet PC) to bear this name, which were really convertible laptops
• In this presentation, we will use the term “tablet” or “slate” to refer to the most recent generation of tablet computers, often exemplified by Apple’s iPad
• Let’s review the evolution of tablet computers…
The Telautograph
Patented in 1888, the telautograph, is considered the precursor to the fax machine and to the modern tablet computer.
The machine uses an electrical stylus-type device to create handwritten messages that can be sent from one station to another.
The Dynabook
Image from edibleapple.com
Conceptualized by computerscientist Alan Kay in 1968, the Dynabook was intended to be an educational tool to be used by children.
Interestingly, Kay, who is involved with One Laptop per Child, has inspired the development of an under-$100 OLPC tablet, the XO-3:
Visit One Laptop per Child for more information: one.laptop.org
The Apple Bashful
Image from technabob.com
In 1983, Apple dreamed up the Bashful, an early tablet-like computer that never made it to the market.
The photos of these prototypes were only revealed in 2011, after Apple’s actual success with a tablet product!
The GRiDPad
Image from thetechcentral.com
In 1988, the GRiDPad was released. The touchscreen worked on a handwriting-recognition system that was used in Palm devices. Palm Computing was later founded by the GRiDPad’s creator, Jeff Hawkins.
A GRiDPad cost $2,370, and was mainly used by professionals in healthcare and law enforcement.
The Apple Newton
The Apple Newton , although it may look like a precursor to the iPad, was actually one of the first personal digital assistants (PDA) on the market. That term—personal digital assistant—was actually coined by Apple’s CEO (at the time) John Sculley.
The Apple Newton was 4.5 X 7 in., and weighed nearly a pound.
The MS Tablet PC
The MS Tablet PC, like the one pictured here, started shipping in 2002. This is the image that many think of when they hear the term “tablet computer.” Really, it’s simply a laptop with a swivel screen.
These machines ran Windows XP Tablet PC edition, and included pen-enabled, handwriting-enabled, and speech-enabled applications. This sort of “tablet” computer never gained much of the market share, and
The iPad
2010: Steve Jobs unveils the new “touchscreen tablet” that renews the way that consumers view and use “tablet” computers.
While the first generation iPad had a few issues--no camera and no multitasking--the iPad re-envisioned personal computing, and led to the boom in touchscreen tablets that we currently see. Image from apple.com
Why Tablets?
Tablets usher in the “post-PC” or “PC plus” eraFlexiblePortableIntuitive/easyTouch technologyApps and other content
But, is there more? Particularly, for libraries?
Personal Dynamic Media
Interactive books and fiction Tablet-based learning platforms Horizon Report 2013
Mobile Information Literacy
Image from: http://www.rpls.ws/rpls_history.htm
Tablets in 2013 Tablets are evolving nearly faster than we can
keep up with!
In the third quarter of 2012, 25% of all computers sold were tablets. The same market research firm (IDC) also confirmed a 75.3% increase in tablet sales compared with the same time period of 2011.
Pew Internet & American Life Project keeps tabs on gadget ownership growth…
Retrieved from: http://www.pewinternet.org/Trend-Data-(Adults)/Device-Ownership.aspx
Quick poll!
What do you own or use?
A. iPad
B. Android Tablet
C. Microsoft Tablet
D. Dedicated E-reader
E. Tablet AND dedicated E-reader
F. None of the above
2012 Device Ownership
Retrieved from: http://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/device_ownership
2013 Tablet Market
Retrieved from: http://bgr.com/2012/12/05/tablet-market-share-2012/
Investing in a Tablet
New technologies are big investments in money, time, and other resources
Before deciding to make this investment, ask a few questions: What can the tablet(s) do that other technologies (e.g., e-
readers, netbooks) cannot? Who will be using the tablet(s)? How will users be using the tablet(s)? Where will users be using the tablet(s)? Who will support and maintain the tablet(s)? Is there an interest in continuing to explore the possibilities of
tablets? Who will stay up to date on updates, etc.?
Why and how do people use tablets?
Retrieved from: http://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/future_mobile_news
Mobile Connections to Libraries
The Pew Internet & American Life Project found that about 13% of those ages 16+ have visited library websites or accessed library services by mobile devices.
This compares with about 25% of Americans 16+ who visited a library website (via any method) over the past 12 months. Of this group…
Library Website Activity Searching the library catalog Finding basic library information Reserving books Renewing books Using an online database Looking up information on library events Getting research/homework help Reading book reviews/recommendations Checking on fines Signing up for library events Downloading an e-book Reserving a meeting room
Tablet Programs in Libraries Being able to match your need(s) to the tablet’s functions and
capabilities is essential to the success of your tablet computer program
For that reason, tablet programs in libraries need to start with research into both user needs and tablet options…
In the examples (practical applications) that we discuss, many libraries focus on tablets for different reasons:• E-reading
• Engaging learners• Supporting research• As assistive technologies• Reference
• Providing new services• Delivering new content• Productivity enhancement• Professional development• Instruction
Specifications to ConsiderBefore making a purchase decision, consider:
Price Operating system Connectivity App availability Accessories Size and weight Features (camera, microphone, video, speakers, ports) Storage Battery life Available technical support Any noted drawbacks
Operating Systems
Currently, three main (competing) operating systems:
• iOS 6.1.2 (update released February 2013) • Android 4.2.2 (Jelly Bean, update released
February 2013)• Windows 8 and Windows RT (released October
2012)
Range of Specs
Display: 7” - 12” Price: $150 - $1000 Connectivity: Wi-Fi only, Wi-Fi + cellular
(3G/4G) Features: Cameras, microphones, USB
ports, accessories Storage: 8GB - 128 GB Apps: App Store, Google Play, Windows
Store
Current Brands
Acer
Amazon
Apple
Archos
Asus
Barnes & Noble
Blackberry
Coby
Lenovo
Microsoft
Motorola
Pandigital
Pantech
Samsung
Sony
T-Mobile
Toshiba
Velocity Micro
ZTE
Pre-Installed Apps
More information available: http://manuals.info.apple.com/en_US/ipad_user_guide.pdf
Samsung Galaxy Tab
Galaxy Tab 2 10.1 inch
Galaxy Tab 2 7.0 inch
Images from: http://www.samsung.com/global/microsite/galaxytab/10.1/index.html
Pre-Installed Apps
Images from: http://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_galaxy_tab_2_70_review-review-781p3.php
Microsoft Surface Pro
Images from: http://www.microsoft.com/Surface/en-US/surface-with-windows-8-pro/home
Pre-Installed Apps
Mail, SkyDrive, People, Photos, Video, Music, Skype, IE, Calendar, Games, Store
More information available in the Surface User Guide: http://www.microsoft.com/Surface/en-US/surface-with-windows-8-pro/home
Google Nexus
Image from: http://www.google.com/nexus/
Kindle Fire HD
Image from: http://www.amazon.com/Kindle-Fire-HD/dp/B0083PWAPW
Tablet Price Display/weight
Storage Connectivity Battery Life
Features Apps
iPad $399-$929
9.7 in. /1.33 lbs.
16/32/64/128 GB
Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi + cellular
9/10 hrs. Cameras (2)Video Rec.Speaker/Mic
Over 300,000 apps for iPadin Apple App Store
iPad Mini $329-$659
7.9 in./0.68 lbs.
16/32/64 GB Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi + cellular
9/10 hrs. Cameras (2)Video Rec.Audio/Mic
Apple App Store
Samsung Galaxy Tab
$199-$629
7.0 in./0.85 lbs.
10.1 in./1.25 lbs.
16/32 GB Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi + cellular
9 hrs. CamerasVideo Rec.Audio/Mic.
700,000+ in Google Play
Google Nexus $199-$499
7.0 in./0.75 lbs.
10.0 in./1.3 lbs.
16/32 GB Wi-Fi
Wi-Fi + mobile
9.5 hrs.
9 hrs.
CameraMicropphoneGyroscope
Google Play
Windows Surface (RT and Pro) Tablet
$499-$999
10.6 in./1.5 and 2.0 lbs.
32/64/128 GB Wi-Fi only USB portsCamerasVideo/audio
30,000+ apps in Windows Store
Kindle Fire HD $199-$249
7.0 in./0.87 lbs
16/32 GB Wi-Fi only 11 hrs. USB portsAudio
Google Play
Barnes & Noble Nook HD
$199-$229
7.0 in./0.69 lbs.
8/16 GB Wi-Fi only 10.5 hrs. Audio Google Play
Asus Eee Pad Transformer (TF201)
$500 10.1 in./1.3 lbs
32 GB Wi-Fi only 8.5 hrs. CameraSpeakersMic
Google Play
Toshiba Excite $399-$600
10.1 in./1.32 lbs.
7.7 in./0.7 lbs.
16/32 GB Wi-Fi only 9.3 hrs.
10.0 hrs.
CameraAudioMic
Google Play
Impact on Device Usage
Quick Poll!
What sort of trends do you see in your library?
A. More patrons or students with tablets
B. More patrons or students with e-readers
C. Patrons seem to use tablets and e-readers about equally
D. I’m not sure yet
E-Readers v. Tablets The big question: will (do) tablets replace e-readers?
The answer: it depends
We’ll discuss book apps later (Kindle, Nook, iBooks), but tablets are impacting the market for and usage of e-readers
According to the 2011 Nielsen survey, 24% of e-reader users use their e-readers less often once they started using a tablet.
Significance? Libraries may want to seriously consider the flexibility of the devices they invest in.
Types of Tablet Programs
Libraries interested in purchasing tablets may have a variety of objectives:For staff: productivity, exploration, experienceFor in-house use: in classes, in story times, for other
specific purposes inside the library or other educational setting
For circulation: users can check out for personal use
Keep these different objectives in mind as we discuss building a tablet program and explore various examples
Setting up a program We’ll discuss these steps a bit here, and also touch
on them in the examples we’ll explore. Assessing needsFinding fundingPurchasingCirculatingDeveloping policiesStaff trainingTech supportUser supportMarketingImplementing the programAssessing the program
Quick poll!
My library’s tablet program is…
A. Up, running, and successful!
B. In the works
C. Still a year or more in the future
D. Not yet in my library’s future
Assessing needs Technology plan, strategic plan, or mission of library
Gather information
Inventory current services Offered by library Offered by competitors
Inventory current needs Focus groups and interviews Surveys Observations Anecdotal evidence
Finding Funding
Many of the projects we’ll be exploring in this workshop have become a reality because of grant funding or other donations.
Tumblr site contains some resources: http://tabletsinlibraries.tumblr.com/funding
A few funding resources Consider local partnerships or funding opportunities
Consider the following funding sources: Perma-Bound (
http://www.perma-bound.com/grants-and-funding.faces ) DonorsChoose.org (http://www.donorschoose.org/) Tech Soup for Libraries (http://techsoupforlibraries.org/ ) Grants.gov (http://www.grants.gov/) IMLS grants (http://www.imls.gov/applicants/search.aspx ) NEH grants (http://www.neh.gov/grants/grants.html ) Library Grants (http://librarygrants.blogspot.com/) Library Works
(http://www.libraryworks.com/LW_Grants/GrantsCurrent.aspx )
Purchasing After making the initial decision to purchase
tablets, again, think about the specifications and content available for the device(s).
Consider what accessories you may want to purchase and circulate along with the device you select (e.g., keyboard? VGA or HDMI adapters?)
Leave room in your budget for apps and other accessories you may want or need down the road
Sample Budget: iPads Devices
10 iPad 2s (16 GB, Wi-Fi only): $4,000.00 Accessories
10 Smart Covers: $400.00 10 iPad sleeves: $250.00 5 Digital AV adapters: $200.00 5 VGA adapters: $150.00 5 Pogo Styli: $75.00 3 Camera connection kits: $100.00
Circulating TechLogic MediaSurfer kiosk system: $20,000
Storage Bretford PowerSync Cart for iPads: $2,600.00
Maintenance 13” MacBook Pro: $1,200.00 iTunes account: $0.00
Apps $300/year
= almost $30,000
Purchasing apps One license per device
Apple Volume Purchase Program for iOS apps and books K-12 Higher education http://www.apple.com/education/volume-purchase-program/
Apple purchasing for non-educational entities Volume licensing for business Multiple accounts “Gifting” an app from a single account
Android: Google Play Private Channel
Microsoft: Enterprise Sideloading (education?)
Circulating If you are planning to circulate the tablets, you’ll
need to consider a few fundamentals of the program:
Physical space—where will the devices be kept and charged?
Tracking the deviceContent that will be placed on the deviceAccessories that will either circulate or be made
availableProcedures to restore the device after it has been
returned
Mediasurfer Kiosk
• Works with iPads and other tablets/media devices
• Automatically wipes and restores/syncs
• Integrates with any ILS
• More information: http://www.getmediasurfer.com/product-details.html
Bretford iPad Products
Tray syncs up to 10 iOS devices (iPads, iPods, iPhones)
Cart available in two sizes: 20 or 30 iPads
Accounts v. Profiles (iPad) Profiles/Accounts do not act as different user
accounts on laptops or desktops
Profiles are administrative for restrictions, security, etc.
Accounts are connected with user and facilitates Apple interactions
All apps are visible on iPad – no matter how many accounts are used on single iPad – until the iPad is erased and reset to factory settings
Accounts
Attached to user
Facilitate Apple interactions
Purchase and update apps
Sync data between devices
Profiles
Systems Profile Privileges
When Circulating…
If a user adds an app or other content through his/her own account, he/she still has access to it, just not on the returned device
The returned device can be wiped, restored to factory settings, and then synced with the institutional/library iTunes account
This can take anywhere from 5 minutes to an hour, depending on how much content needs to be restored.
Reset
Erase
Sync
From iTunes
• Factory settings restored
• Apps are updated and restored upon sync
• All of this occurs on the library’s Apple account
Restore
Developing Policies
As with all library resources, you’ll need to develop policies to manage the use of the tablets. These can include:User eligibilityIn-house v. external checkoutLoan periodLate feesDamage feesRenewalsHoldsUser agreements/contracts
Quick Poll!
How long is the loan period for tablets at your library?
A. Less than 1 day
B. 1-3 days
C. 3-5 days
D. 5-7 days
E. More than 7 days
Existing Policies A number of libraries that currently circulate
iPads have policies posted on the web:
Virginia Tech’s Art + Architecture Library: http://www.lib.vt.edu/artarch/ipad-policy.html
MIT Lewis Music Library: http://libstaff.mit.edu/lewis/iPad_policies_procedures.pdf
Wake Forest University: http://zsr.wfu.edu/about/policies/technology-ipad
L.E. Phillips Memorial Public Library: http://www.ecpubliclibrary.info/services/library-services/ipads.html
iPad record from Virginia Tech Libraries
Catalog record links to policy
iPad Loan PolicyVirginia Tech LibrariesAvailable: http://www.lib.vt.edu/circ-reserve/equipment.html
Existing User Agreements Many libraries have posted their loan and user
agreements for iPads (and other equipment) online:
Thomas Cooper Library at University of South Carolina: http://library.sc.edu/complab/iPad%20Agreement.pdf
Marshall University Libraries: http://www.marshall.edu/library/services/ipad/MU_Libraries_iPad_Liability_Agreement.pdf
Bowling Green State University Libraries: http://libguides.bgsu.edu/content.php?pid=303790&sid=2503572
L.E. Phillips Memorial Public Library: http://www.ecpubliclibrary.info/images/services/iPads/iPad_Borrowing_Agreement_4_Hour_In_House_2011.pdf
Staff Training & Exploration The most important factor? Put the
devices in the hands of library staff! Public services staff need to be
equipped to answer questions and provide front-line support
Training and User Groups Set up a way for staff to communicate
about using the devices. Examples include:
Briar Cliff University’s discussion group: http://bcutalks.wordpress.com/
iPad and Tablet User Group at Georgetown’s Lauinger Library: http://events.georgetown.edu/events/index.cfm?Action=View&CalendarID=212&EventID=91592
Radford University’s McConnell Library iPad blog: http://mozart.radford.edu/ipad/
User Support Aside from equipping staff to support users,
there are a number of other ways libraries starting tablet programs should consider supporting users:
Creating help documentationCreating tutorials (non-Flash, in the case of iPads) to
be placed on library website and on devicesSetting up open houses or petting zoos to familiarize
users with the new devices in a safe settingHolding regular workshops related to the devices.
Partner with experts.
Marketing
How will you let people know this service exists?
Ideas include:Media (town or school newspapers)Facebook (and other social media) announcementsHighlight on websitePresentations for different groupsEvents like open houses or petting zoosOther usual publicity outlets
Assessing How will you know that your tablet program is
meeting the needs of the community?
Consciously gather and store dataCirculation statistics (if appropriate)Survey dataObservational and anecdotal data
Set a time in the future (6 months? A year?) to critically review the program’s successes and weaknesses and incorporate feedback
Questions
What questions do you have about setting up a tablet program?
The Way it Was
Courtesy of www.istockphoto.com
Image courtesy of Montlieu Academy of Technology
The Way it Is
Practical Applications: public libraries
L.E. Phillips Memorial Public LibraryEau Claire, Wisconsin
iPad program launched on September 21, 2011 Funding
$50,000 grant from the Presto Foundation To provide tools to address accessibility issues, and to help
the community be able to explore new technologies Program basics (at the start):
Circulating 32 iPad1 devices, 6 for in-house use 64 GB, Wi-Fi only 7-day loan period
Content: 1000 public domain e-books 10 audiobooks (because of space and restoration time) Free apps and shortcuts (to avoid legal issues)
Program specifics
L.E. Phillips Memorial iPad Webpage
http://www.ecpubliclibrary.info/services/library-services/ipads.html
• Available through grant funding
• Content loaded onto each device
Help guides
User agreements
Non-Flash tutorials
Marketing & Media
iPad Catalog Record (10/2011)
10/3/2011
12 days in, the iPad circulation program is extremely popular
iPad Catalog Record (3/2012)
3/3/2012
5 months later, popularity remains
iPad Catalog Record (3/2013)
Popularity waning a bit, for a number of reasons…
Available: http://eauclairepubliclibrary.com/survey/index.php?sid=56372
User Survey
Media Coverage
Be proactive and anticipatory when coming up with policies and help documentation
When you have many tablets (e.g., 32), don’t circulate them all at once; instead, allow staff to become familiar with the checkout procedure by releasing a few at a time
Lend the devices out to staff first, so the staff can become familiar with them
Seriously consider the content that you place on the device—how much space is there? What’s legal?
Make sure that the library website, and help documents, are tablet friendly: mobile, and not Flash-based.
Assess the entire program from day one!
Lessons from Phillips Memorial
Program specifics:
Started January 2011: 3 iPads available
to enhance “early literacy stations” Children (accompanied by a 14+ year
old) can check out for 1 hour Includes educational apps to aid in
“literacy and mathematical development” See references for full article
Houston Public Library
Program Specifics
8 iPads Checked out to patrons with a library card Can be used anywhere in the library To replace children’s gaming computers Internet connectivity cut off Use Children’s Technology Review (
http://childrenstech.com/) to find relevant apps
Information from http://sclsyouthservices.wordpress.com/2011/08/09/ipads-replace-desktop-computers-at-north-shore-public-library/
North Shore Public Library, NY
Prepare for Next Week:
If you have questions that we didn’t answer this time, email Heather before next Thursday (3/21): [email protected]
We will post our app guide before next week: http://tabletsinlibraries.tumblr.com/
Next Week, We Will Discuss Your questions Case studies from academic and school
libraries Recommended apps useful in all library
environments Strategies for staying up to date with
technology The future of tablets and other cool
things
References: Part I Acer Inc. (2011). Iconia Tab. Retrieved from http://
www.acer.co.uk/ac/en/GB/content/series/iconia-tab-a Amazon.com. (2011). Kindle Fire. Retrieved from
http://www.amazon.com/dp/B0051VVOB2/?tag=googhydr-20&hvadid=14070388795&ref=pd_sl_1fda8bda85_b
Apple Inc. (2011). iPad Technical Specifications. Retrieved from http://www.apple.com/ipad/specs/ Bensinger, G. (2013, January 4). The e-reader revolution: Over just as it has begun? The Wall Street
Journal. Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323874204578219834160573010.html
Consumer Reports. (2013, January). Hot new tablets: Three recent arrivals are welcome additions to the market. Consumer Reports, 78(1), 20-22
Consume Reports (2013, January). Quick guide: Computers, tablet. Consumer Reports 2013 Buyers Guide, 31-34.
Johnson, L., Adams Becker, S., Cummins, M., Estrada, V., Freeman, A., and Ludgate, H. (2013). Tablet computing. In NMC Horizon Report: 2013 Higher Education Edition (p. 15-
19). Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium. Retrieved from: http://www.nmc.org/system/files/pubs/1360189731/2013-horizon-report-HE.pdf
Johnson, S. (2013, January). Tablet sales hit record in fourth quarter last year. Retrieved from http://www.siliconbeat.com/2013/01/31/tablet-sales-hit-record-in-fourth-quarter-last-year/
King, Rachel. (2012, February 23). Apple no. 1 in mobile-PC market share worldwide. CNET. Retrieved from http://news.cnet.com/8301-13579_3-57383825-37/apple-no-1-in-mobile-pc-market-share-worldwide/?part=rss&subj=news&tag=2547-1_3-0-20.
References: Part I Mitchell, A., Rosenstiel, T., Santhanam, L. H. and Christian, L. (2012, October 1).
Future of mobile news. Journalism.org. Retrieved from http://www.journalism.org/analysis_report/future_mobile_news
Nielsen News. (2011, May 5). Connected devices: How we use tablets in the U.S. Retrieved from http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1800514
Pew Internet & American Life Project. (2013, January). Adult gadget ownership over time. Retrieved from http://www.pewinternet.org/Trend-Data-(Adults)/Device-Ownership.aspx.
Samsung Electronics Co. (2011). Samsung Galaxy Tab. Retrieved from http://www.samsung.com/global/microsite/galaxytab/10.1/index.html
Steele, C. (2011, August 7). History of the tablet. Retrieved from http://www.pcmag.com/slideshow/story/285757/history-of-the-tablet/
Tablet computers (cover story). (2011, December). Consumer Reports, 76(12), 26. Turner, A. (2011, January 28). Houston libraries want preschoolers to check out
iPads. Houston Chronicle website. Retrieved from http://www.chron.com/business/technology/article/Houston-libraries-want-preschoolers-to-check-out-1689013.php
Wang, M. and Tsai, J. (2013, January 23). Apple to see tablet market share dip in 1H13. DigiTimes. Retrieved from http://www.digitimes.com/news/a20130123PD214.html
Credits & thanks: Part I Susan Asselin, Professor & Dept. Chair, Teaching and Learning, Virginia
Tech Rick Barrow, Project Associate, VA Assistive Technology System, Virginia
Tech Department of Assessment & Library Access Services, University Libraries,
Virginia Tech Ross Edmonds, Web Designer & Software Manager, University Libraries,
Virginia Tech Neal Henshaw, Classroom Manager, University Libraries, Virginia Tech Kevin Jarrett, add title here Lesley Moyo, Director for Library Research & Instructional Services,
University Libraries, Virginia Tech Stephen Rechtman, PC Hardware/Software Support Analyst, University
Libraries, Virginia Tech John Stoneberg (and staff), Library Director, L.E. Phillips Memorial Public
Library Patrick Tomlin, Head, Art + Architecture Library, Virginia Tech
