Integrated Service Digital Network

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2

WAN Connection Types

There are three types of Wan Connectivity :

• Dedicated Lines

• Circuit Switching

• Packet Switching

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Dedicated Lines

• Used for shorter to medium distances and

for longer connectivity.

• Private line

• Bandwidth is fixed

• Line is 24hrs up

• Whether used or not billing is done

• eg: Leased Lines

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Circuit Switching

• Used for medium to longer distances and

for shorter connectivity.

• Bandwidth is fixed

• Billing Depends upon the Usage

• eg: ISDN , PSTN (Dial Up connections)

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Packet Switching

• Used for medium to longer distances and

for longer connectivity.

• Bandwidth is shared

• eg: Frame-Relay

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• Point to Point

Protocol

• Open Standard

Protocol (works with

same and different

company Routers i.e.

Cisco–Nortel, Cisco–

Multicom.

• Supports

Authentication

• Supports Compression

• High level Data link

Control

• Vendor proprietary

Protocol (works with

same company Router

only, i.e. Cisco-Cisco,

Nortel-Nortel, etc.)

• No Support for

Authentication

• No Support for

Compression

PPP HDLC

Encapsulation

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PPP Authentication

In PPP two types of Authentication :

• PAP - Password Authentication Protocol

• 2 Way Handshaking protocol

• Username and password are sent in clear text

• No Security

• CHAP- Challenge Handshake Authentication protocol

• 3 Way Handshaking protocol

• Username is sent in clear text and Password in

encrypted form

• Secure

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Public Switched Telephone Network

• Analog Signal

• Maximum Speed of 33 to 40 Kbps

• Call Establishment is Slower (minimum 1 minute)

• Terminated at the PSTN Switch at the Exchange

• Supports Single service at a time.

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Integrated Services Digital Network

• Digital Signal

• Minimum Speed for 128 Kbps

• Call Establishment is faster (within 2 sec)

• Terminated at the ISDN Switch at the Exchange

• Supports Multiple services at a time.

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ISDN Types

• BRI – Basic Rate Interface

- (2B + 1D) channels

- Each channel 64 kbps

- B channel used for data transmission

- D Channel used for signaling(16kbps)

- (2* 64) + (1 * 16) = 144kbps

- B stands for Bearer

- D stands for Delta

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ISDN Types

• PRI – Primary Rate Interface

2 Standards :

European Standard (E1)

- 30B + 1D channels

- (30*64) + (1*64) = 2.048Mbps

US Standard (T1)

- 23B + 1D channels

- (23*64) + ( 1*64) = 1.544Mbps

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TELCO

ISDN Connectivity for Home PC

TA

NT1

AnalogFax

AnalogPhone

PC

2 wires(Copper)

U-Line

RJ-11Connector

S/T Cable

ISDN SWITCH

RJ-45Connector

INTERNET

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TELCO

ISDN Connectivity for Office

NT1

2 wires(Copper)

U-Line

ISDN SWITCH

RJ-45Connector

LAN - 192.168.20.0/24

E0 192.168.20.150

BRI0

S/T Cable

ISDN CompatiblePhone (Digital)

INTERNET

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Network Address Translation

• Translates Private addresses to Public

and Public addresses to Private.

• Allows Communication from the private world to the

public world and not vice versa.

• Used for internet sharing

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Dial on Demand Routing

• Connection is Automated.

• Established whenever a request comes to the router

and disconnected based on the Idle-Timeout

• Default idle-timeout is 120sec

• All these configurations are to be made on the router’s

bri interface.

• Interesting Traffic is identified using Dialer List

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ISDN for Internet Configuration

1. BRI interface configurations

2. Authentication

3. Dialer commands

4. ISDN Switch Type

5. NAT

6. Access-List

7. Routing

8. Miscellaneous Commands

9. Troubleshooting commands

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ISDN for Internet Configuration

ISDN SWITCH

S/T Cable

NT1

2 wires(Copper)RJ-45

Connector

U-Line

LAN - 192.168.20.0/24

E0 192.168.20.150

BRI0

TELCO

INTERNET

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ISDN for Site to Site Configuration

1. BRI interface configurations

2. Dialer commands

3. ISDN Switch Type

4. Access-List

5. Routing

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ISDN for Site to Site Configuration

NT1

LAN - 192.168.2.0/24

E0 192.168.2.150

BRI010.0.0.2

TELCO

LAN - 192.168.1.0/24

E0 192.168.1.150

BRI010.0.0.1

NT1

HYDERABADOFFICE

CHENNAIOFFICE

Tel: 777777 Tel: 555555

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ISDN(config-if)#ISDN(config-if)#

================================Welcome to ISDN Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

configure terminal

ip address negotiatedno shutencapsulation pppppp authentication pap chap callin

ISDN>password :ISDN#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.ISDN(config)#ISDN(config-if)#ISDN(config-if)#ISDN(config-if)#ISDN(config-if)#

Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195](C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.C:\>Connecting .....

ISDN(config-if)#

telnet 192.168.20.150

interface bri 0

ppp pap sent-username hyd_zoomhyd password zoom123ppp chap hostname hyd_zoomhydppp chap password zoom123

1. Configuring BRI interfaceRouter(config)#interface bri <no>Router(config-if)#ip address negotiatedRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}

1. Configuring BRI interfaceRouter(config)#interface bri <no>Router(config-if)#ip address negotiatedRouter(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}

2. Authentication ConfigurationRouter(config-if)#ppp authentication pap chap callinRouter(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username <username>

password <password>Router(config-if)#ppp chap hostname <username> Router(config-if)#ppp chap password <password>

2. Authentication ConfigurationRouter(config-if)#ppp authentication pap chap callinRouter(config-if)#ppp pap sent-username <username>

password <password>Router(config-if)#ppp chap hostname <username> Router(config-if)#ppp chap password <password>

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ISDN(config-if)#dialer-group 5

ISDN(config)#ISDN(config-if)# exit

dialer string 172225ISDN(config-if)#

ISDN(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout 90

isdn switch-type basic-net3ISDN(config)# interface ethernet 0ISDN(config-if)# ip nat insideISDN(config-if)# exitISDN(config)# interface bri 0ISDN(config-if)# ip nat outsideISDN(config-if)# exitISDN(config)# ip nat inside source list 10 interface bri 0 overloadISDN(config)# access-list 10 permit 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255ISDN(config)# dialer-list 5 protocol ip permitISDN(config)# ip routingISDN(config)# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 bri 0 ISDN(config)# ip domain-lookupISDN(config)#ISDN(config)#

3. Dialer Commands ConfigurationRouter(config-if)#dialer string <telephone no. of isp>Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout <seconds>Router(config-if)#dialer-group <group no.>Router(config-if)#exit

3. Dialer Commands ConfigurationRouter(config-if)#dialer string <telephone no. of isp>Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout <seconds>Router(config-if)#dialer-group <group no.>Router(config-if)#exit

4. ISDN Switch type ConfigurationRouter(config)#isdn switch-type <switch name>

basic-1tr6 1TR6 switch type for Germanybasic-5ess AT&T 5ESS switch type for the U.S.basic-dms100 Northern DMS-100 switch typebasic-net3 NET3 switch type for UK, Europe and Asiabasic-ni National ISDN switch typebasic-ts013 TS013 switch type for AustraliaNtt NTT switch type for Japanvn3 VN3 and VN4 switch types for France



6. Access-list Commands configurationRouter(config)#access-list <acl no.> <permit/deny>

<source address> <source wc mask>Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip permit

6. Access-list Commands configurationRouter(config)#access-list <acl no.> <permit/deny>

<source address> <source wc mask>Router(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip permit

ip name-server 61.0.0.57. Routing Commands configurationRouter(config)#ip routingRouter(config)#ip route <Destination Network ID>

<Destination Subnet Mask> <Exit interface type><interface no>

7. Routing Commands configurationRouter(config)#ip routingRouter(config)#ip route <Destination Network ID>

<Destination Subnet Mask> <Exit interface type><interface no>

7. Miscellaneous Commands (Default)Router(config)#ip name-server <ip address>

7. Miscellaneous Commands (Default)Router(config)#ip name-server <ip address>

5. NAT Commands configurationRouter(config)#interface ethernet <no>Router(config-if)#ip nat insideRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interface BRI <no>Router(config-if)#ip nat outsideRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#ip nat inside source list <no> interface BRI <no> overload

5. NAT Commands configurationRouter(config)#interface ethernet <no>Router(config-if)#ip nat insideRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#interface BRI <no>Router(config-if)#ip nat outsideRouter(config-if)#exitRouter(config)#ip nat inside source list <no> interface BRI <no> overload

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show isdn statusISDN#Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3ISDN BRI0 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3 Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE Layer 2 Status: TEI = 83, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHED Layer 3 Status: 1 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 1 CCB:callid=8001, sapi=0, ces=1, B-chan=1, calltype=DATA The Free Channel Mask: 0x80000002 Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 1ISDN#

Layer 1 = ACTIVE Layer 2 = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHEDLayer 3 = 1 - Active Calls

Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are fine.

Layer 1 = ACTIVE Layer 2 = MULTIPLE_FRAME_ESTABLISHEDLayer 3 = 1 - Active Calls

Implies, all configurations and the connectivity are fine.

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show isdn statusISDN#Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3ISDN BRI0 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3 Layer 1 Status: DEACTIVATED Layer 2 Status: TEI = 83, Ces = 1, SAPI = 0, State = TEI_ASSIGNED Layer 3 Status: 0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0 The Free Channel Mask: 0x80000003 Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0ISDN#

Layer 1 = DEACTIVATED Layer 2 = TEI_ASSIGNEDLayer 3 = 0 - Active Calls

Implies, Layer 1 problem : Check Physical Connectivity

Layer 1 = DEACTIVATED Layer 2 = TEI_ASSIGNEDLayer 3 = 0 - Active Calls

Implies, Layer 1 problem : Check Physical Connectivity

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show isdn statusISDN#Global ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3ISDN BRI0 interface dsl 0, interface ISDN Switchtype = basic-net3 Layer 1 Status: ACTIVE Layer 2 Status: Layer 2 NOT Activated Layer 3 Status: 0 Active Layer 3 Call(s) Activated dsl 0 CCBs = 0 The Free Channel Mask: 0x80000003 Total Allocated ISDN CCBs = 0ISDN#

Layer 1 = ACTIVE Layer 2 = NOT ActivatedLayer 3 = 0 - Active Calls

Implies, Layer 2 problem : Check Encapsulation

Layer 1 = ACTIVE Layer 2 = NOT ActivatedLayer 3 = 0 - Active Calls

Implies, Layer 2 problem : Check Encapsulation

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show isdn activeISDN#------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISDN ACTIVE CALLS

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Call Calling Called Remote Seconds Seconds Seconds ChargesType Number Number Name Used Left Idle Units

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN#

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http://www.zoomgroup.com

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show isdn activeISDN#------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISDN ACTIVE CALLS

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Call Calling Called Remote Seconds Seconds Seconds ChargesType Number Number Name Used Left Idle Units

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Out 172225 31 59 0 0

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN# show isdn history------------------------------------------------------------------------- ISDN CALL HISTORY-------------------------------------------------------------------------History table has a maximum of 100 entries for disconnected calls.History table data is retained for a max of 15 Min for disconnected calls.-------------------------------------------------------------------------Call Calling Called Remote Seconds Seconds Seconds ChargesType Number Number Name Used Left Idle Units-------------------------------------------------------------------------Out 172225 19 0 0 0Out 23394150 40 0 0 0Out 27802461 120 0 0 0-------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN#

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show int bri 0ISDN#BRI0 is up, line protocol is up (spoofing) Hardware is BRI Internet address is 61.1.177.179/32 MTU 1500 bytes,BW 64 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255 Encapsulation PPP, loopback not set Last input 00:00:00, output 00:00:00, output hang never Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:15:27 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 0 Queueing strategy: weighted fair Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops) Conversations 0/1/16 (active/max active/max total) Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated) 5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 1 packets/sec 5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec 303 packets input, 1614 bytes, 0 no buffer Received 0 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles 0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort 113 packets output, 702 bytes, 0 underruns 0 output errors, 0 collisions, 12 interface resets 0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out 13 carrier transitions

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show ip routeISDN#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is 0.0.0.0 to network 0.0.0.0

C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0C 192.168.7.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0 61.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 2 subnetsC 61.1.177.182 is directly connected, BRI0C 61.1.160.82 is directly connected, BRI0S* 0.0.0.0/0 is directly connected, BRI0ISDN# ping www.yahoo.comType escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:!!!!!Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msISDN#

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show ip nat translationISDN#Pro Inside global Inside local Outside global Outside local -------------------------------------------------------------------------------udp 61.1.177.179:1041 192.168.20.3:1041 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53udp 61.1.177.179:1043 192.168.20.3:1043 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53udp 61.1.177.179:1044 192.168.20.3:1044 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53udp 61.1.177.179:1048 192.168.20.3:1048 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53udp 61.1.177.179:1052 192.168.20.3:1052 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53udp 61.1.177.179:1054 192.168.20.3:1054 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53udp 61.1.177.179:1057 192.168.20.3:1057 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53tcp 61.1.177.179:1050 192.168.20.3:1050 64.37.246.16:80 64.37.246.16:80tcp 61.1.177.179:1051 192.168.20.3:1051 64.37.246.16:80 64.37.246.16:80tcp 61.1.177.179:1039 192.168.20.3:1039 212.165.130.39:80 212.165.130.39:80tcp 61.1.177.179:1046 192.168.20.3:1046 212.165.130.40:80 212.165.130.40:80tcp 61.1.177.179:1047 192.168.20.3:1047 212.165.130.40:80 212.165.130.40:80tcp 61.1.177.179:1042 192.168.20.3:1042 202.54.124.171:80 202.54.124.171:80tcp 61.1.177.179:1045 192.168.20.3:1045 64.15.251.221:80 64.15.251.221:80tcp 61.1.177.179:1049 192.168.20.3:1049 64.15.251.221:80 64.15.251.221:80udp 61.1.177.179:1037 192.168.20.3:1037 61.1.128.5:53 61.1.128.5:53----------------------------------------------------------------------------ISDN#

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dialer-group 5exit

Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#

telnet 192.168.1.150

================================Welcome to Hyderabad Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0no shutencapsulation hdlcdialer string 555555

Hyderabad>password :Hyderabad#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Hyderabad(config)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#Hyderabad(config-if)#


Hyderabad(config)#

configure terminal

interface bri 0

isdn switch-type basic-net3

1. Configuring BRI interfaceRouter(config)#interface bri <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}

1. Configuring BRI interfaceRouter(config)#interface bri <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}2. Dialer Commands Configuration

Router(config-if)#dialer string <remote tel no.>Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout <seconds>Router(config-if)#dialer-group <group no.>Router(config-if)#exit

2. Dialer Commands ConfigurationRouter(config-if)#dialer string <remote tel no.>Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout <seconds>Router(config-if)#dialer-group <group no.>Router(config-if)#exit





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Hyderabad(config)#

show ip routeHyderabad#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR

Gateway of last resort is not set

C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, BRI0Hyderabad#

ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 Hyderabad(config)# ^Z

dialer-list 5 protocol ip permitHyderabad(config)# ip routingHyderabad(config)#

4. Access-list Commands configurationRouter(config)#dialer-list <dialer no.> protocol ip permit


5. Routing Commands configuration Router(config)#ip routing Router(config)#ip route <Destination Network ID>

<Destination Subnet Mask> <Next-hop IP address >


<Destination Subnet Mask> <Next-hop IP address >

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dialer-group 5exit

Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#

================================Welcome to Chennai Router================================User Access Verificationpassword :****

****enable

ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0no shutencapsulation hdlcdialer string 777777

Chennai>password :Chennai#Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.Chennai(config)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#Chennai(config-if)#


Chennai(config)#

configure terminal

interface bri 0

isdn switch-type basic-net3

telnet 192.168.2.150

1. Configuring BRI interfaceRouter(config)#interface bri <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}

1. Configuring BRI interfaceRouter(config)#interface bri <no>Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>Router(config-if)#no shutdownRouter(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}2. Dialer Commands Configuration

Router(config-if)#dialer string <remote tel no.>Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout <seconds>Router(config-if)#dialer-group <group no.>Router(config-if)#exit

2. Dialer Commands ConfigurationRouter(config-if)#dialer string <remote tel no.>Router(config-if)#dialer idle-timeout <seconds>Router(config-if)#dialer-group <group no.>Router(config-if)#exit





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Chennai(config)#

show ip routeChennai#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR


C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, BRI0Chennai#

ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 Chennai(config)# ^Z

dialer-list 5 protocol ip permitChennai(config)#ip routingChennai(config)#




<Destination Subnet Mask> <Exit interface/next hop ip address>


<Destination Subnet Mask> <Exit interface/next hop ip address>

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Hyderabad(config)#

show ip routeHyderabad#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR


C 192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0S 192.168.2.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.2C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, BRI0Hyderabad#

ip route 192.168.2.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.2 Hyderabad(config)# ^Z

dialer-list 5 protocol ip permitHyderabad(config)# ip routingHyderabad(config)#

ping 192.168.2.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.2.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msHyderabad#

!!!!!

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Chennai(config)#

show ip routeChennai#Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i- IS-IS, L1-IS-IS level-1, L2-IS-IS level-2,*- candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR


C 192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, Ethernet0S 192.168.1.0/24 [1/0] via 10.0.0.1C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, BRI0Chennai#

ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 10.0.0.1 Chennai(config)# ^Z

dialer-list 5 protocol ip permitChennai(config)#ip routingChennai(config)#

ping 192.168.1.1Type escape sequence to abort.Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/43/44 msChennai#

!!!!!

Education

Integrated Service Digital Network