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Input Output Devices
And MEMORY UNIT
Input Unit• The input unit is responsible for
accepting input i.e., Data and instruction from the user
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Keyboard
Keyboard - device that has keys that enables one to type text and issue commands to the computer.
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Mouse
Mouse - device that points and selects text or icons.
MOUSE WAS INVENTED BY DOUGLAS ENGELBART IN 1963
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SCANNER
SCANNER-A scanner is device like photocopier, which creates an electronic form of printed images
.
Some more input devices
• JOYSTICK-used for playing games on computer.
• Microphone(Mic)-used to input sound.
• OCR(OPTICAL CHARACTER READER)• MICR(MAGNETIC INK CHARACTER READER)• BAR CODE READER
Processing UnitProcessing unit or
Central Processing Unit is responsible for carrying out the processing job.
The CPU is the brain of computer i.e., the place where data is manipulated
Components of CPUA CPU has 2 components1. ALU(Arithmetic Logic Unit)- The ALU performs
Arithmetic(+,-,*,/ etc) and Logic (>,<,>=,<=,=,<>) operations.
2. CU(Control unit)-It controls the entire Processing.
Basic Organization of a Computer
Output UnitThe output unit is responsible for
producing the output in user readable form.
The function of output device is to present processed data to the user
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MonitorMonitor - The box that
contains the screen where images and text are displayed.
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PrinterPrinter - device that
allows one to print text and pictures.
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SpeakersSpeakers - device that
allow you to hear voice, music, and other sounds from your computer.
Memory Unit• This unit is responsible for
providing the space for storing data.
• The area where computer store something temporary or permanently is called memory.
• Hardware that allows you to store or retrieve information
Units of MemoryNibble Group of 4 bitsByte Group of 8 bitsKilo Byte 1 KB = 1024 BytesMega Byte 1 MB = 1024 KBGiga Byte 1 GB= 1024 MBTera Byte 1 TB = 1024 GBPeta Byte 1 PB = 1024 TB
NOTE : 1024 = 210
Memory
Memory
Primary Memory / Internal Memory / Main Memory
Secondary Memory/ External Memory / Permanent Memory /
Auxiliary Memory
Broadly memory can classified into two types
1.) Primary memory(Main Memory)2.) Secondary Memory
Difference between primary and secondary memory
• Primary Memory :- It has a very fast access to time and smaller storage capacity.
• Secondary Memory :- It has slow access time and large storage capacity. It is called user’s memory.
Primary Memory
Primary Memory
RAM(Random Access Memory)
ROM(Read Only Memory)
Primary Memory Holds the data and programs needed at the instant by CPUPrimary memory can further be classified into 2 types1.) RAM(Random Access Memory)2.)ROM(Read Only Memory)
RAM(Random Access
Memory) It is called random access memory It has random access property. It has limited storage capacity. It is volatile in nature means its
contents get removed when power supply is switched off.
ROM(Read Only Memory)
It is Read only memory. It cannot be used for user
programs. It holds booting instructions. It is non – volatile in nature it
means its contents remain stored when power supply is switched off.
Secondary Memory
Secondary Memory
Hard Disk CD DVD
Since Primary has limited storage capacity and is not permanentSecondary Storage Devices are used to store Large amount of Data Permanently.Some most common Storage Devices are mentioned Below
Hard DiskHard Disk-Used
to store data inside of the
computer
CD-Compact DiskCD’s can store 650MB to 800MB of
information and data.Types OF CD• CD-ROM(Compact Disk-Read Only
Memory)• CD-R(Compact Disk Recordable)• CD-(RW)Compact Disk Rewritable)
DVD-Digital Video DiskDVD can store 4.8GB to 8.0GB of
information and data.Types OF DVD• DVD-ROM (DVD-Read Only
Memory)• DVD-R (DVD Recordable)• DVD-RW (DVD Rewritable)
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