The modern music industry

What is the music industry like now? (how music is available, formats, charts, how and

where music is consumed, concert sales/size/cost, merchandise)

How is music available?Physically: CD Vinyl's TapesDigitally: Streaming Download

Formats of musicDigital Formats:MP3 (1993) LossyWAV (1991) UncompressedFLAC (2001) LosslessWMA (1999) LosslessAAC (1997) Lossy

Charts“From phoning a small panel of retailers in 1952 to today's highly sophisticated poll of 6,500-plus retailers nationwide, chart compilation has transformed over the decades.”

How and where?How? Physically Digitally Downloads Streaming Where? Anywhere Internet Shops

Concerts

Merchandise

Has the internet benefitted music institutions and or audiences? If so how?

Benefits Global Digital music revenues = Global

Physical Revenues Digital revenues US$6.9 billion (46% of

Global Music Sales) Subscription services represent 23 per

cent of the digital market and generate US$1.6 billion in trade revenues.

Ability to purchase singular songs as opposed to albums.

Physical Format Represents 46% of the market. Physical sales still dominate in a number of key worldwide markets including France (57%), Germany (70%) and Japan (78%).

35% of consumers have accessed free music streaming services in the last six months, compared to 16% using paid-for music subscription services.

Accessibility- easier to access wider range of niche music.

Subscription streams revenues (US$ billions) and estimate of global number of paying subscribers (millions) 2010-2014

  2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 13/14 % CHANGE

Subscription streams revenue

0.32bn 0.45bn 0.73bn 1.13bn 1.57bn +39%

Number of paying subscribers

8m 13m 20m 28m 41m +46.4%

Drawbacks Piracy Royalties reduced Less reliance on institutions

Piracy Digital piracy is the biggest single threat to

the development of the licensed music sector and to investment in artists.

It undermines the licensed music business across many forms and channels:› Unlicensed streaming websites› Peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing networks› Cyberlockers and aggregators› Unlicensed streaming› Stream ripping › Mobile applications

Cost? According to the Recording Industry

Association of America, music piracy results in $12.5 billion of economic loss every year.

What can be done?

Royalties Reduction in royalties for artists

Royalties paid dropped 6%

Record Labels Youtube Soundcloud

Music Industry before the online age

The ScriptThe Music industry started upon the arrival of the *printing industry of the mid-15th century. Before this, music notation was only distributed by *hand drawing, but as it was only used by monks and other religious figures at the time, this did not much of a matter. Musical notation was actually still in its infancy at this time and the understanding of pitching and harmony was still not universal. For example, in the modern western tuning a * ‘concert A’ is played at 440Hz but before the invention of an *electrical device which recreates a pure 440Hz, the pitching was widely different from place to place around *Europe. Because of this, some revival baroque *orchestras and ensembles out there won’t tune to this standard 440, but go slightly out, like 405, which would be more like they were tuning to back in the 16th century. But this is beside the point. With the refinement of musical notation and the proliferation in * musicians, composers, and departure from religious roots; there was an increasing demand of consumer based sheet music, with music becoming a luxury past time for the middle class. Until the 18th century, music was only performed and produced upon the funding from aristocrats, but performers and composers such as * Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart began to seek commercial opportunities to market their music and performances to the general public. Instruments such as the *harp, *fortepiano and eventually the *modern piano (which are nice sounding solo instruments which can play polyphonic music (before this, you had instruments such as the *harpsichord and later the clavichord, which had a more brittle and harsh sound, so wasn’t popular with the everyday hobbyist)) People could afford an instrument and someone could learn how to play it and *read music, therefore creating a demand in consumer sheet music. If you wanted to hear the hottest new tune, you had to go and buy the sheet music.

Script continued This was until however the invention of recorded music. *Commercially released phonograph records of musical performances starting in the late 1880s, and later the onset of widespread *radio broadcasting starting in the 1920s, forever changed the way music was heard. This allowed the general public to listen to music anytime anywhere, with the radios offering the new options of gaining national or even global * popularity and the increase in formats such as *vinyl allowing both the artists and the record companies to make money. This system was a part of popular culture from the 40’s onwards, allowing for genres such as *Jazz, Rock and Roll, Blues and countless others gain popularity- as now the music was demanded from the public, rather than the upper class. Psychical formats that were used during this time were vinyl, 8 track, *tapes and eventually CD’s- *which was the first digital format available psychically, as the rest worked with analogue signals. This psychical distribution kept on gaining popularity all the way until the internet was used by most people, *which can be seen at these graphs * All this new mass demand for music increased tour sales too, with people going to a ticket office and buying tickets for a local concert and festivals too,* with the amount of people going to Glastonbury going up and up every year. The music reached in around 2000, but with the introduction of the internet and new media technologies, its seemingly unstoppable power was coming to an end. Interactive thing? http://www.buttonbass.com/DubstepPianoPage.html

440Hz

Interactive Task http://www.buttonbass.com/DubstepPia

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