INDUSTRYINDUSTRYGeography and History DepartmentGeography and History Department

FRAY PEDRO DE URBINA HIGH SCHOOLFRAY PEDRO DE URBINA HIGH SCHOOL

Miranda de EbroMiranda de Ebro

ORIGIN:ORIGIN:First Industrial RevolutionFirst Industrial Revolution (England, end of 18th (England, end of 18th Century. Belgium, France later)Century. Belgium, France later)

Coal and vapour as energy sourcesCoal and vapour as energy sourcesFirst factories: iron and textil (spinning andFirst factories: iron and textil (spinning and weaving) onesweaving) onesSystem of transport:System of transport:railwayrailway

Second Industrial Revolution:Second Industrial Revolution:End of 19th centuty to IIWWEnd of 19th centuty to IIWWPower and oilPower and oilNew industrial sectors asNew industrial sectors aschemical or electricalchemical or electricalNew transports: carsNew transports: cars

Third Industrial Revolution:Third Industrial Revolution:Since IIWWSince IIWWNuclear, alternative sourcesNuclear, alternative sourcesComputers, wwwComputers, wwwElectronicsElectronicsMultinational corporationsMultinational corporations

TYPES OF INDUSTRYTYPES OF INDUSTRY

Heavy industry:Heavy industry:It turns raw materials into another product for It turns raw materials into another product for

other industries (half-finished products, other industries (half-finished products, as steel, chemical products, refining).as steel, chemical products, refining).

Assets industry:Assets industry:It makes machinery, tools, means of heavy It makes machinery, tools, means of heavy

transport (shipbuilding), motors, building transport (shipbuilding), motors, building materials, etc.materials, etc.

Light industry:Light industry:It makes consumer articles, or finished It makes consumer articles, or finished

products as fabric, clothes, cars, food, products as fabric, clothes, cars, food, white goods (electrical appliances), white goods (electrical appliances), plastics, medicines, cosmetics, books, plastics, medicines, cosmetics, books, newspapers… newspapers…

INFLUENCES ON THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRYINFLUENCES ON THE LOCATION OF INDUSTRY

Location near local Location near local raw materialsraw materials or in a port reduces transports costs if moving lose weight or in a port reduces transports costs if moving lose weight (coal, iron, oil).(coal, iron, oil).

The availability of The availability of labour supplylabour supply, unskilled or qualified., unskilled or qualified.

Cost of transporting Cost of transporting (near the raw materials or near the market).(near the raw materials or near the market).

The market (if transporting the product isThe market (if transporting the product is

expensive).expensive).

Linked industry need to be in the same area.Linked industry need to be in the same area.

MAIN INDUSTRIAL REGIONSMAIN INDUSTRIAL REGIONS

Megalopolis and Great Lakes region (USA – Canada)Megalopolis and Great Lakes region (USA – Canada)

London-Milan corridorLondon-Milan corridor

South of Japan (Tokyo -Yokohama conurbation)South of Japan (Tokyo -Yokohama conurbation)

East of China (Beijing – Shanghai)East of China (Beijing – Shanghai)

Moscow and Ural RangeMoscow and Ural Range

Sao Paulo – Rio de la PlataSao Paulo – Rio de la Plata

INDUSTRIAL REGIONS IN SPAININDUSTRIAL REGIONS IN SPAIN

MEDCs – LEDCs DIFFERENCESMEDCs – LEDCs DIFFERENCES

MORE ECONOMIC DEVELOPED MORE ECONOMIC DEVELOPED COUNTRIES:COUNTRIES:

Raw materials have started tu run Raw materials have started tu run out or they are too expensive to out or they are too expensive to continue extracting.continue extracting.

Many industries have been Many industries have been relocated near ports, transport relocated near ports, transport routes or near the markets.routes or near the markets.

The service sector is now the The service sector is now the largest employer.largest employer.

Science parks and research Science parks and research centres for hi-tech industry.centres for hi-tech industry.

Strong competition with Newly Strong competition with Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs), as Industrialised Countries (NICs), as The Three Tigers (cheap work The Three Tigers (cheap work force, high-tech products).force, high-tech products).

Multinationals can pull out of the Multinationals can pull out of the country easely.country easely.

LESS ECONOMIC DEVELOPED LESS ECONOMIC DEVELOPED COUNTRIES:COUNTRIES:Lower wages, worse working Lower wages, worse working conditions.conditions.Less strict pollution controls.Less strict pollution controls.A lot of small scale A lot of small scale manufacturing industries manufacturing industries (informal sector, own (informal sector, own employment).employment).No money to invest.No money to invest.Lack of infrastructure (power Lack of infrastructure (power supplies and transport supplies and transport networks).networks).Large companies are Large companies are multinationals.multinationals.