- 1. Harvesting Scene by Peter Brueghel
2. Villages feed themselvesOne of three fields left fallow
(empty) to regain fertilityAnimals grazed in common
pasturesDisadvantages Land use inefficient Farmers didnt experiment
with new farming methodsForces for Change Population Growing more
food needed French blockade no corn more food needed 3. Enclosure
Movement Wealthy landlords fenced in common pastures
andexperimented with new farming technology Villages lost common
lands and political power, peasantsbecame poorerCrop Rotation
Fields depleted of nutrients by one crop replenished byplanting
different crops Fields not left inefficiently fallow 4. Other
Discoveries Seed Drill planted seeds efficiently New crops: corn
and potatoResults of Agricultural Revolution More food available
Population increased 5. Merchants Role in Cottage Industry Supplied
materialswool and cottonto cottages tosell finished goods Took
supplies from spinning cottage to weavingcottage to dying cottage
to sell finished cloth Merchants sell product for more than
material andlabor costs = profit + larger investment = higher
profit 6. Capitalism An economic system based on private ownership,
freecompetition, and profits Cottage industry is an example of
early capitalismEffects of the Cottage Industry Big profits for new
class of merchants Alternative source of income for peasants 7.
Textile Industry Invented Cottage industry couldnt keep up with
demand for textiles Spinning jenny, water frame, spinning mule
improvedspinning Power loom sped up weaving Cotton gin separated
seeds from cotton 8. Rise of the Factory New machines, often too
big for homes,were put in factories Factories located near power
source: coal,iron, water 9. Effects of Textile Factories in Britain
Price of mass-produced textiles were much lower than handproduced
items Britains textile industry increased enormously Majority of
villagers forced to leave to find work in urbanfactories 10. The
Need for Energy Early factories relied on horses, oxen, and water
mills Steam engine evolved in response to the increasing need
forpowerEffect of Steam Engine Steam power, used wherever coal
existed, increased textileproduction Improved mining which
increased metals which in turnfueled other industries 11. The Need
for Iron Farming tools, new factory machinery, railways Smelting
makes iron more pure, but requires carbonThe Need for Coal Carbon
necessary for smelting iron Steam engines powered by coalEffects of
Iron and Coal Britain produced more iron than all other countries
of theworld combined Coal powered Britains enormous navy 12. The
Need for Better Transportation Increased production increased need
to transport goodsquickly and cheaply Pre-Industrial society used
horses, mules, and dirt roadsInventions Stone and eventually
asphalt roads Canals Railroad era ushered in with the Rocket in
1829 13. Effects of Railroads Expanded rapidly throughout Britain
Cheaper transportation increased production and profits Railways
fueled other industries: coal, steam engines,iron, steel, and many
manufactured products 14. Geography Climate good for textile
production Plenty of natural resources such as iron and coal
Separation from the European continent kept themout of wars 15.
Government Internal trade encouraged Population allowed to relocate
Helped build canals and roads 16. Advantages ofColonial
EmpireIndustrialization First Supplied raw material for No other
countries competingmanufactured goodsfor manufactured goods
Provided market for goods Monopoly on technology
