traditional modern

Labor-intensiveCapital

intensive

New forms of power, particularly machines, replaced animal strength and

human muscle.

1. M I L __S

2. E D M U N D C __ R T __ R I G H T

3. ELI __ H I T N E __

4. B __S S E M E __ P __ O C E __ S5. M A __ A D A __ I Z A __ I O N

6. S __ E A M B __ A T

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Technological Innovations

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Refers to the social

and economic changes

that led to the

transition from

agricultural and

commercial society to a

modern industrial

one.

Remarkable change in man’s life caused by

the replacement

of hand labor by machine

work.

The Industrial Revolution began in

England in the middle of the 18th century.

Why the industrial revolution began in England?

Reasons why industrial revolution began in England.

Labor supply

Natural Resourc

es

Investment

capital

Entrepreneurs

Transportation

Markets

LABOR SUPPY

England had

many skilled

artisans,

including those

who had fled

Germany,

Belgium,

Holland, and

France

especially

during the era

of religious

persecution.

NATURAL RESOURCES

Britain had large

resources of coal and iron ore. From its

colonies Britain

obtained other

resources.

INVESTMENT CAPITAL

Britain had capital available for investing in new industries.

Funds came from wealthy landowners and from merchants

who had grown rich through trade.

ENTREPRENEUR

Britain had energetic and

daring entrepreneurs. People who

organized and managed

businesses

TRANSPORTATION

Britain had many fine harbors as well an extensive canal

system.

It was far cheaper to transport heavy goods by water than by

land.

MARKETS

Great Britain and its

colonies overseas

provided a good market for the sale

of manufacture

d goods.

INVENTION OF MACHINES FOR SPINNING AND WEAVING

The weaving

of threads

into cloth.

In the making

of cloth ,

two processes were employe

d:

The spinning of

threads into cloth.

John Kay( 1733)

Invented the “flying shuttle” which doubled the

speed of weaving cloth

An English

watchmaker

JAMES HARGREAVES(1767)

An English carpenter

invented the spinning jenny named after

his wife jenny, which could

spin 80 threads at one

time.

RICHARD ARKWRIGHT(1771)

A poor English barber,

invented the

water frame by adding

the “spinning jenny”

EDMUND CARTWRIGHT

An Anglican clergy man, invented the power loom which

quickened the process of weaving.

Eli whitney(1793)

This machine made possible an adequate supply of American cotton for England’s mills, for it speeded up the removal of seeds from the cotton

NEW SOURCES OF POWER

All the machines which

had been invented were operated by water power.

The factories

called “mills” were

established only near a rapid

stream or waterfall.

JAMES WATT(1769)

A Scottish

engineer

who

improved

the steam

engine that

had been

invented by

Thomas

New

Comen.

STEAM ENGINE

Watt’s steam engine supplied

most of the power to run industries in

England and in other countries in

Europe.

SAFETY LAMP(1816)

Renowned British chemist, best known for his experiments in electrochemistry and for his invention of a miner's safety lamp.

This saved thousands of lives of

miners who might have been killed

through explosions of deadly gases in the coal mines.

Sir humphrey Davy

ELECTRIC DYNAMO(1831)

MICHAEL FARADAY- an English scientist who

contributed to the fields of

electromagnetism and electrochemistry.

Electric dynamo used to

run machinery

POWER PLANT

an industrial facility for the generation of electric power.

First harnessed in a super-powerful bomb that

destroyed the Japanese city of Hirosima

NEW METAL FOR INDUSTRIES

BESSEMER PROCESSHENRY BESSEMER

British inventor, born in Charlton, Hertfordshire, England, and largely self-educated. Removing impurities from iron and making

it hard.

The refined iron is called “STEEL”

ALLOY( 19TH CENTURY

Mixture of manganese, tungsten and steel to make a finer and lighter, yet strong.

This alloy have been used in making airplanes, automobiles, refrigerators and precision tools.

MACADAMIZED ROAD

One effect of the Industrial revolution was the improvement oftransportation.A macadamized road is one which is reinforcedby a layer of clay and gravel.John L. McAdam- a Scottish

engineer, used a new method in building roads.

Macadamized road

Asphalt road

Concrete road

CANALS Aside from roads, canals were built

to facilitate the flow of trade. Many inland canals were dug in

Europe and America. In 1825, the Erie Canal which

connects the Great Lakes and the Hudson River was completed.

ERIE CANAL(1825)

TWO GREAT CANALS

Suez Canal(1869) Panama canal(1914)

Suez Canal -connecting the

Red Sea and the

Mediterranean

The Panama canal connects two

oceans- The Pacific and the Atlantic

Ocean

CLERMONT(STEAMBOAT(1807))

Robert Fulton invented the first steamboat

Clermont successfully sailed by means of steam

power along the Hudson River from

New York to Albany in 32 hrs..

SAVANNAH(1819)The Savannah

crossed the Atlantic in 29 days using

part steam and part sail.

GREAT WESTERN- crossed the Atlantic in

15days using the steam power throughout the

whole trip.

ROCKET(1814)

George Stephenson- invented the first steam locomotive.

He used it in 1825 on the

Stockton(California) and Darlington

Railroad.

The first railroad in the

world.

Gottlieb Daimler(1883)

German engineer and inventor, born in Schorndorf, Württemberg.

invented the first gasoline engine.

RUDOLF DIESEL(1897)

German inventor of diesel engine, using crude oil.

This engine, which is cheaper to operate than gasoline-powered machine. Used in automobiles, trains, ships, and factories.

HAROLD FORD(1902)

A former bicycle mechanic, who founded the FORD MOTOR COMPANY IN 1902.

American industrialist, best known for his pioneering achievements in the automobile industry.

CHARLES GOODYEAR (1839)

The discovery of rubber vulcanization in 1839 contributed to the rise of the automobile industry.

MONTGOLFIER BROTHERS

The Montgolfier brothers( French) sent up the first balloon on July 5,

1783

WRIGHT BROTHERS

Wilbur WrightOrville Wright

They invented the first airplane and flew it successfully on December 1903 in Kitty Hawk, North Caroline.

COUNT ZEPPELIN(1900)

Invented a cigar-shaped ballon, named after him. During World War (1914-1918), huge Zeppelins

bombed London, and the airplanes of the

combatants fought inthe skies.

REVOLUTION IN COMMUNICATION

Better means of communication

developed as a result of the Industrial

Revolution.

SAMUEL Finley Breese MORSE(1832)

An American who Invented

the first telegraph.

On May 24, 1844, he sent the first

telegraph message from Washington to

Baltimore

CYRUS W. FIELD( 1844)

A New York merchant, succeeded in laying the first underwater submarine telegraph cable across the Atlantic

ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL

A Scot-born American, invented the telephone.

GUGLIELMO MARCONI (1894)

An Italian who invented the wireless telegraphy.

Futher improvement in communications has been realized with the marvelous growth of the:

- newspaper due to the invention of linotype machine

Rotary press teletype

THE AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

The Agricultural Revolution started in England. In order to increase agricultural production, farmers

had to adopt scientific methods of cultivation and to use

farm machinery.

JETHRO TULL( 1674-1740)

An English country gentleman invented the “SEED DRILL”

A farm machine that plants seeds in

spacious rows to insure better cultivation

VISCOUNT CHARLES TOWNSEND(1674-1738)

An English, A friend of Jethro Tull and a worked out an efficient system of crop rotation.

He doubled the yield perHectare of the farm by growing different crops Alternatively.

ROBERT BAKEWELL(1725-95)

An Englishman who introduced the scientific breeding of animals.

He discovered that the quality of cattle, horses,

and sheep, could be improved by the

selection breeding.

LUTHER BURBANK(1849-1924)

Luther Burbank, an American botanist, horticulturist, and plant breeding pioneer of the late 1800s, developed improved techniques for plant propagation . His work resulted in the creation of new varieties of vegetables, fruits,

and ornamental plants.

Cyrus Hall McCormick

Inventor Cyrus McCormick introduced the horse-drawn reaper in 1831..

The reaper allowed the average farmer to harvest his crops five times faster than before.

JUSTUS VON LIEBIG(1840)

He introduced the artificial fertilization.

German chemist and educator, known for his skill in experimentation. He proved that by adding certain

chemicals, such as potash, nitrogen, and phosphorus to the soil, its fertility

could be restored or increased.

GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER

Born to slave parents, George Washington Carver became an internationally respected agricultural scientist.

He is known primarily for developing industrial and commercial uses for peanuts, soy beans, and sweet potatoes.

THOMAS A. EDISON(1847-1931)

The greatest American inventor, produced more than 1000 inventions.

PHOTOGRAPH(1878)ELECTRIC LIGHT BULB(1879)MOVIES OR MOTION

PICTURES( 1893)

ANDRE-JACQUES GARNERIN

He invented the parachute(1797))

RENE LAENEC (French-1819)- Stethoscope

Louis Daguerre(French-1839)- Photography

Elias Howe(American- Sewing machine

J. E. Lundstrom( Swede-1855)- Safety match

Christopher Sholes(American-1868)-

TypewriterLewis Waterman(American-1884)-

fountain pen

William Barrows( American-1885) adding machine

George Eastman( American-1888)- camera

Lee de Forest(American-1906)-radio telephone

Goerges Claude( French-1915)-neon lamp

John L. Baird( Scottish-1926)-television

Howard Aiken(American-1937)- electric computer

Chester Carlson( American-1937)- xerography

Axel L. Wenner- Gren (Swede-1946)-monorail

ECONOMIC RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

Expansion of industry Increase of commerce and trade Growth of population Rise of cities Greater comforts and higher

standard of living Division of labor Increase of wealth

NEGATIVE RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1. Ruin of the domestic system, causing the disappearance of small independent working classes.

2. Rise of the factory system which has led to the exploitation of the workingmen.

3. growth of cities and decadence of rural communities.

4. child and woman labor 5. Unemployment of workers 6. concentration of wealth in the hands of a few

capitalists 7. bitter class war between labor and capital.

POLITICAL RESULTS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1. Industrial revolution, by means of the railway, steamboat, telegraph, and newspaper, fostered nationalism, for it helped people within a country know one another.

2. The Industrial Revolution intensified internationalism.

- the new means of of transportation and communication broke down the barriers of misunderstanding among nations.