INDUS WATER TREATY(IWT)Critical Analysis

Presented by:Aziz Rasheed

INTRODUCTION• ‘Water’ a blessing of Allah• Water is Life• ‘’Thousand have lived without Love, not one without water’’ By Wh Auden(English Poet).

• 3 parts of the Earth is water• International Disputes Due to water

History• 1st April 1948, Punjab partition• After independence, problems arose between Pakistan and India because of Water distribution

• Ferozepur and Madhopur head-works given to India• Rivers flow into Pakistan territory from across India• India stopped the rivers Ravi and Sutlej

Effects on Pakistan• Badly effected on Pakistan’s agriculture• Rainfall undependable• Pakistan purchased water from India• Effected on Power generation• Effected on Economy

Role of World Bank• Pakistan and India applied for loan• Loan refused to both countries• WB would give loan if three conditions met;• 1 : Indus basin had enough water for both countries• 2 : All the rivers would be discussed• 3 : Past grievances put aside

Cont.• World Bank Plan• Divide Indus Basin into 2 parts• Pakistan – 3 Western Rivers i.e Chenab, Jhelum and The Indus• India – 3 Eastern Rivers i.e Sutlej, Beas and Ravi

Cont.• Pakistan refused to Sign until 1958• Signed on Treaty in 1960 • Pakistan signed on Treaty because of the fear, that since the source rivers of the Indus Basin were in India• Fear of droughts and famines during war

INDUS WATER TREATY(IWT)• Between Pakistan and India• Treaty Signed at Karachi(Pakistan)• 19 Sep, 1960• Brokered By World Bank(Then ‘International Bank For

Reconstruction And Development’)• Pakistan President Ayub Khan• Indian PM Jawaharlal Nehru

Features Of The Treaty1 : Three major Eastern Rivers Sutlej, Beas and Ravi Were given to India2 : Three major Western Rivers Chenab, Jhelum and The Indus were given to Pakistan3 : Canal and Reservoir construction financed through Bank

Cont.4 : Commission to resolve Future Disputes5 : Treaty guaranteed 10 years of uninterrupted water Supply6 : Treaty allowed India To Use the Western Rivers for Power Generation

Cont.7 : Incase of new project, either party must notify the other8 : Incases of Disagreement, a neutral expert is called in for mediation

Conclusion• Pakistan and India controversies over water ended • Pakistan signed IWT under stress• Pakistan got free from droughts fear • Undisturbed flow from western rivers is must for survival of Pakistan

Critical Analysis• It is said that Pakistan sell their three important rivers sell to India under this treaty

• Pakistani Dictatorship Vs Indian Democracy • The Treaty allowed India to use Western Rivers for Power generation

• Flood comes, due to the IWT• Three Rivers i.e Ravi, Sutlej and Beas dried

THANKS