Indigenous KnowledgeUsed in

Agricultural PracticePresented By:

Ms Students’16Department of Agricultural Extension Education

Bangladesh Agricultural University

System framework of indigenous knowledge

Indigenous Knowledge in Rice Cultivation

Common salt is dissolved in water and sprayed in rice fields for controlling major weeds

To prevent lodging in rice crop at maturity in water logging conditions , the upper portion of the rice plants is cut with the help of sickle. After two months of transplanting ,excess growth of rice plant is checked due to pruning. Lower part of the plant become strong

MULCHINGTree leaves and rice straw used as mulch materials.it is age old tradition in our agriculture.This conserve soil moisture as well as keep the soil cool which provide favourable conditions.Add organic matter to soil, effective for weed management.

SCARECROW• Bangladeshi Farmers set up a human like

efegy called 'Kaktarua' in their agriculture fields. It is believed that the efegy would protect the products by scaring birds and other animals that are supposed to harm their products.

Bamboo Sticks Puts on Rice Field

FeatureBirds sits and eats insects.Especially, Rice Bug, Green leaf hopper, Brown Plant hopper control.Procedure of Biological control.

Fruits Cover By Cloth Or Polythene

Feature Fruit cover at mature stage. Insect infestation control especially fruit borer, White fly, Ants, Beetle etc.All fruits mature same time

THRESHING AND DRYING

Threshing:

By beating the grain using a flail on a threshing floor.

Making oxen walk in circles on the grain on a hard surface.

By using threshing board.

Drying:

It is the traditional method for reducing the moisture content of grain.

Sun drying is the most common drying methods all over the world.

It is simple method for safe storage of grains.

Bamboo leaves for Milk Preservation

Bamboo leaves are used during transportation of milk in rural area

It keeps the milk temperature cool

It helps to maintain the acidity level of milk

Removal of Jackfruit sticky latex with mustard oil Characteristics

After cutting Jackfruit excretes an extremely sticky latex substance. The chemical property of the latex/resin of jackfruits is oil solubility

AdvantageIf hand/utensils coated with edible oil mainly mustard oil,then sticky latex can easily removed from hand /utensils.

Green Papaya as a Meat TenderizerCharacteristicsGreen papaya contain an enzyme called Papain. The connective tissue in the meat breaks down when it comes in contact with Papain. Papaya is preferred tenderizer for red meat (Lamb, Mutton, Goat, Beef).

AdvantageIt is easy to tough cut of meat to cook with papaya. It need less time to cook.

Green Chilli Presevation Characteristics• The stem of the green chillies are

prone to bacteria and thus it leads to spoilage.

So these are discarded. • And, if found any rotten chillies in

the bunch it should be off too because one rotten chilli can spoil the whole

• Next step is to wrap the chillies in the paper towel or newspaper and put them in dry place.

Advantages The green chillies will last longer (mine lasts up-to 1-2 weeks).

Grain Preservation with Neem LeavesCharacteristics

Neem leaves have a bitter fragrance and store some alkaloids which repel the insects and pathogens from attacking the stored food.

Advantage

Storing food grains along with Neem leaves repels the insects attacking the food grains.

TREADLE PUMP The treadle pump is a foot-powered water pump widely used in Asia and

spreading in Africa. It consists of two metal cylinders with pistons that are operated by a natural walking motion on two treadles.

Advantage Simple and cheap Ergonomic treadle motion / Less intensive operation (foot operated) Produced in local workshops/ Maintenance uses local skills and materials. Usually leads to generation of US$100-500 additional income per year for

rural households in Africa and Asia

Raised platform for preservation of livestock food

Raised platforms for preserving the livestock food (dry straw or grass) from natural disasters. A five to seven feet platform made of soil with a bamboo

or wooden stick in the middle that can be tied to a surrounding tree.

A “matcha” or bamboo-made scaffold

RAISED PLATFORM (KILLA) FOR LIVESTOCK and SEED DRYING

PRESERVING GRAINS USING NEEM LEAVES

300-400 Neem LeavesThin cotton cloth (muslin cloth)

Fresh Neem Leaves

DIRECTION FOR PRESERVING GRAINS:

Pluck fresh green Neem leaves and shade dry them. (It will take 5-6 days to shade dry Neem leaves during winters and 2-3 days during summers)

Keep approximately 100 dried leaves aside.Crush rest of the leaves to coarse powder.Make 5cm x 5cm pouch of the cloth.Fill the cloth with coarse powder of dried Neem

leaves.Stitch the open end of the pouch to seal it nicely.Make 5-6 pouches for 10 kg of grain.

DIRECTION FOR PRESERVING GRAINS (Cont.):

Spread the dried Neem leaves kept aside on the bottom of the container and cover with cotton cloth or dry paper.

Fill 1/4 grain in the container. Place two pouches at two corners of container on

the grain and then fill half of the remaining grain in the container.

Keep the remaining two pouches at the other two corners of the container and fill rest of the grain.

Place the remaining two pouches on the top of the last layer of grain.

Close the lid of the container, the grains will remain pest free for almost a year.

Shade dried Neem Leaves Shade dried and crushed Neem leaves

Neem leaves pouch being made Dried Neem leaves pouch for Preserving grains

USE OF SYNTHETIC MATERIALS TO PREVENT BIRDS

The use of small flags made of plastic or paper sheets and strings attached to a long rope or plastic twine are examples of materials commonly used by local farmers to prevent birds from feeding on mature rice grains. These small flags are placed across the rice fields before harvest.

Fig. Use of small flags from colored-synthetic materials

IK in Good Germination:

Radish seeds are soaked in butter milk before sowing.

Cucurbits seeds are kept embedded in fresh cow dung ball which are then buried deep in soil for better germination.

In desert areas chickpea is sown behind camel drawn ploughs in sand dunes areas.

Cut end of sugarcane setts are plastered with a mixture of honey, ghee, the fat of hogs and cow dung.

Jhum Cultivation/Slash and Burn Cultivation/Shifting Cultivation:

Well suited to the rainfall areas of the hilly areas

The trees are slashed and burned and the seeds are sown only after 1st rainfall

After cultivating for 2-3 years, fields go into fallow. Then the farmer moves on to the next plot or forest area to protect the soil and allow for build up of nutrients

Soil erosion is controlled and fertility maintained by constructing contour bunds often may reduce of soil born diseases.

Continued….

OTTERS FISHING

IN MONGLA, BANGLADESH--

• Fishermen do fishing with Otters at the channel of Sundarbans National park

• Using Otters is a traditional way of fishing in Sundarbans area

Continued….

FISH DRYING TECHNIQUES

Sun Drying of Fish

A processing method of fish involving the removal of most of the water both from the surface and deeper flash of the fish.

Importance of Dried Fish:Dried fish processed through sun drying or dehydration is highly concentrated fish compared to other preserved form of fish.As water content become reduced so microbial activity can not run at normal rate thus reduce the spoilage of fish.Less expensive method and comparatively simple procedure.Reduced water content, enzymatic and many chemical process which are responsible for fish spoilage retarded.

PRESERVE DRY FISH> Local people use chilly powder to protect from blow fly.> Using salt. > using sun drying to protect damage.

Salting of Fish Salting is a process of fish preservation where the water content is reduced by the penetration of salt, whereby the activity of most of the spoilage bacteria is stopped or reduced.

Hilsa Salting

Importance of Salting of Fish Easy process; Salt retards bacterial growth; Salt absorbs and removes water directly from fish muscle cells, thus protects fish from spoilage; Salt penetrates uniformly in all parts of the body; Physical structure is not changed, no shrinkage of muscle occurs.

Integrated Fish-Duck Farming

Features of Integrated Duck Farming

Ducks are highly compatible with cultivated fishes.Duck fertilize the pond by their dropping.Ducks keep water plants in check.Duck aerate the water while swimming.

Fermentation of fish Fermentation may be defined as the transformation of organic substances in to simpler compound by the action of enzymes.

1.Fish fermentation is a traditional method in Bangladesh. 2.All types of fishes are used.3.Spoiled materials can be used.4.One of the best way of preserving fish particularly in the topical countries.

Transportation of fish

1.Use bamboo basket.2.Low cost ice box.3.Fish fry transferred by pot

HOW INDEGENOUS KNOWLEDGE USE IN CLOSE WATER

> When Oxygen reduces the fish come to surface.

> Specially in the evening it occur then people use swimming in the pond.

> Or by stirring the water by bamboo.

HOW INDEGENOUS KNOWLEDGE HELPS IN FISH CULTURE

> Local people put branches of tree on pond water specially one side.

> They do it traditionally but it work in many way.

> It provide fish for shelter from sunlight.

> Also work as Sanctuary.

Indigenous Management Practices of Golpata (Nypa fruticans) in Local Plantations in Southern Bangladesh

Importance of Golpata Golpata (Nypa fruticans), a familiar palm, growing

naturally or in plantations in the coastal areas of Bangladesh ,is gaining increasing importance for its multifaceted uses. Besides growing naturally in the government-owned mangrove forests, it is being grown extensively through private initiatives in plantations established by rural farmers in the coastal areas, especially in the southern part of Bangladesh.

Soft, muddy and water-logged soils where free access of

saline water was available were characteristic of the land used by farmers in selecting sites for Golpata plantations.

Thanks To All