ByJeannieRyderCOMM322Dr.Giffard

May18,2010

 OneoftwomajorsatellitesystemsoverseenbytheIndianSpaceResearchOrganization(ISRO)

 Mosttechnologicallyadvancednonmilitarysatellite  System

  Fourdifferentpayloads: Direct‐to‐groundtelevisionbroadcasting  Telecommunicationcapabilities  Remotesensingforsurveyingofnaturalresources Meteorologicalsystem

  http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm

INSAT

HumbleBeginnings  WhenIndiagainedindependencefromBritainin1947

  Thenewgovernmentsoughtmeansinwhichtonotonlyjointhemodernworldbutalsotodosoontheirterms.

 Thebeliefbeingthatthroughtheuseoftechnologyfor“economicdevelopment,socialandculturalchange,nation‐statebuilding,andtheformationofanonalignedblocofthirdworldnationspoliticallyequidistant”fromthemajorworldpowers.

  Sourceh6p:/history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm

EastmeetsWest

 HomiJ.BhabhabornintoaneliteIndianfamily,schooledinphysicsatCambridge,hebroughtbacktoIndiascientificknowledgeandexpertisethatwouldallowthecreationofresearchinstitutionsforthebettermentofIndia’sfuture.

 HesawIndia’sfutureinthesky.

  http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm

PrograminJeopardy  HomiBhabhaperishedinaplanecrashin1966.  SpeculativeworriesifprogramcouldorwouldcontinuewithoutBhabha’sdirection.

  VikramSarabhai,anotherelitewhosefamilyhobnobbedwithnationalleaders,alsostudiedphysicsatCambridgeandastudentofBhabhawasnamedBhabha’sreplacement‐consideredthefatherofIndia’sSpaceProgramme

  Charismatic,sociallyandpoliticallyversatile,atrueengineerhewasabletoworkwithingovernmentbureaucracytopavedwayforINSAT

  http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm

Dr.Sarabhai’sVision  “Therearesomewhoquestiontherelevanceofspaceactivitiesinadevelopingnation.Tous,thereisnoambiguityofpurpose.Wedonothavethefantasyofcompetingwiththeeconomicallyadvancednationsintheexplorationofthemoonortheplanetsormannedspace‐flight.Butweareconvincedthatifwearetoplayameaningfulrolenationally,andinthecommunityofnations,wemustbesecondtononeintheapplicationofadvancedtechnologiestotherealproblemsofmanandsociety.”

  http://www.isro.org/index.aspx

INSAT’sForerunner  Early60’sNASAneededtofieldtestanadvancedtechnologysatellite(ATS),specificallybroadcastingtelevisionfromasatellitetoreceiversonearth

  Indiawaslogicalchoice(otherconsiderations:BrazilandRepublicofChina)duetopopulationlocation,lackoftelecommunicationinfrastructure,andpoliticalconsiderations

 NASAarrangestohaveSarabhai“ask”theUStousethesatelliteforoneyeartofacilitateanexperimentinruralIndiaresultsinSatelliteInstructionalTelevisionExperiment(SITE)

  http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm

SlowandSteady  IttookovereightyearstoplanandimplementSITE

 DuringwhichtimeDr.Sarabhaidiedin1971 However,hestartedplanningINSATin1967focusingongroundsystemswiththeassumptionbeingtheWestwouldbeforthcominginreceipericaltransferofspacetechnology.

  http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm

NewLeadership  SatishDhawannewleaderofspaceprogram1972 PrimeMinisterIndiraGandhiannouncescreationoftwoorganizations:DepartmentofSpaceandSpaceCommission,headquarteredinBangalore

  INSATshelved‐governmentwantedtowaituntilSITEcompleted

  SITEhadtosucceed

  http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm

  SITEsuccessreceivesinternationalaccolades GovernmentnowinterestedinINSATagainduethe“potentialrevolutionarycapabilitiesofdirect‐broadcastsatellitetelevision”

 DuetoembeddedbureaucraticwranglingandmaneuveringandbudgetaryrestraintsdevelopmentanddeploymentofINSATisslowed

  http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm

PulledfromtheDustyShelf

INSATBecomesaJointVenture  1983thefollowinggovernmentalbodiesjointogethertoworkondevelopmentandimplementationoftheINSATsystem

 DepartmentofSpace(overseesIndianSpaceResearch Organization(ISRO)

 DepartmentofTelecommunications MeteorologicalDepartment AllIndianRadio(AIR) Doordarshan(state‐ownedtelevision)

  http://www.isro.org/index.aspx 

INSATSeries Oct.1982FirstsatelliteinINSATserieslaunched:

  INSAT1A‐missionabandonedduetotechnicalfailure Aug1983INSAT1Boperationaluntil1990  July1988INSAT1C‐abandoned1989duetopower

systemfailure  June1990INSAT1DlastinthefirstINSATseries  June1992INSAT2AFirstmultipurposeIndiancommunicationsatellitebecomesfullyoperational

  LaunchesofINSATseriessatellitescontinueapproximatelyeverytwotothreeyears

  http://www.zeenews.com/chandrayaan/story.aspx?aid=477065 and http://www.isro.org/index.aspx

INSATToday Today’sINSAThas11operationalsatellites

  InkeepingwithDr.Sarabhai’svisionINSATsatcomapplicationsnowinclude

 Tele‐medicineconnectsruralhealthcarefacilitieswithmodernurbanmedicalcenters

http://www.isro.org/index.aspx

AppsonSteroids  EDUSAT

  Educationaltelevision(ETV)forprimaryeducationinfivelocallanguages

  NationalCollegenetworkfordailylectures

  Distantlearning(TDCC)  GRAMSAT

  Networkconnectivitybetweenstatecapitalandstatesfore‐goverance

  SatelliteNewsGatheringandDissemination

  Realtimenewsandevents

  TELEVSION  Satellitetelevisioncapability

tocover100percentofareaandpopulation‐85percentactuallymakeuseoftelevision

  Broadcastsover40channelsofstate‐ownedDoordarshanTelevision

  Direct‐to‐homeandcommercialtelevisionbroadcasting

  http://www.isro.org/index.aspx

SQllMore  Meteorological

  Weatherforecasting  Onlysystemforobservation

overIndianOcean  Permitsearlywarningof

cyclones  Satelliteaidedsearchandrescue  Mobilesatelliteservices

  Emergencycommunications  RadioNetworking  Telecommunications

  supportfortheelectroniccommerce,bankingandsupportforallaforementionedapplications

  http://www.isro.org/index.aspx

  VillageResourceCentres  JointprogammewithIRS

  473centersin22states  Educationresources

  argiculutre,farming,voctechtraining,awarenessprograms,telehealth,micro‐credit/finance

Bibliography http://history.nasa.gov/SP‐4217/ch16.htm http://www.isro.org/index.aspx http://www.zeenews.com/chandrayaan/story.aspx?aid=477065