In Text Citation How To

In Text How ToIn Text How To

MLA StyleMLA Style

Signal PhrasesSignal Phrases

Using a signal phraseUsing a signal phrase To introduce To introduce cited material consisting of a short cited material consisting of a short quotation, paraphrase, or summary, use quotation, paraphrase, or summary, use either a signal phrase set off by a comma either a signal phrase set off by a comma or a signal verb with a or a signal verb with a thatthat clause, as in clause, as in the following examples. the following examples.

Previewing SentencePreviewing Sentence

Using a previewing sentence and a parenthetical citationUsing a previewing sentence and a parenthetical citation To To introduce and identify the source of a long quotation (one comprising introduce and identify the source of a long quotation (one comprising more than four lines in your essay or research paper), use a previewing more than four lines in your essay or research paper), use a previewing sentence that ends in a colon. By briefly announcing the content of an sentence that ends in a colon. By briefly announcing the content of an extended quotation, a previewing sentence tells readers what to look for extended quotation, a previewing sentence tells readers what to look for in the quotation. Indent the block quotation ten spaces (or two paragraph in the quotation. Indent the block quotation ten spaces (or two paragraph indents) from the left margin. At the end of the block quotation, cite the indents) from the left margin. At the end of the block quotation, cite the source in parentheses after the final punctuation mark. source in parentheses after the final punctuation mark.

That the heroic and historically important deeds of previously unknown That the heroic and historically important deeds of previously unknown women should be included in history books is evident from the following women should be included in history books is evident from the following notice: notice:

Event: April 26, 1777, Sybil Ludington. Event: April 26, 1777, Sybil Ludington. On the night of April 26, 1777, Sybil Ludington, age 16, rode through towns in On the night of April 26, 1777, Sybil Ludington, age 16, rode through towns in New York and Connecticut to warn that thNew York and Connecticut to warn that th

Citation of the OddityCitation of the Oddity

Text reference to a source with divisions may Text reference to a source with divisions may appear in the text along with the author's name appear in the text along with the author's name or be placed in parentheses after a quotation, or be placed in parentheses after a quotation, paraphrase, or summary. paraphrase, or summary. As TyAnna Herrington notes in her Introduction, As TyAnna Herrington notes in her Introduction,

"Nicholas Negroponte's "Nicholas Negroponte's Being DigitalBeing Digital provides provides another welcome not only into an age of another welcome not only into an age of technological ubiquity, but into a way of 'being' with technological ubiquity, but into a way of 'being' with technology." technology."

"Negroponte's uncomplicated, personal tone fools "Negroponte's uncomplicated, personal tone fools the reader into a sense that his theses are the reader into a sense that his theses are simplistic" (Herrington "Introduction"). simplistic" (Herrington "Introduction").

Rule to Live ByRule to Live By

For writers creating in-text citations and Works For writers creating in-text citations and Works Cited lists, the Cited lists, the MLA HandbookMLA Handbook provides the provides the following general recommendations: following general recommendations:

Download or print any online material you plan Download or print any online material you plan to use, in case it becomes inaccessible online to use, in case it becomes inaccessible online later.later.

Don't introduce a hyphen at the break of a URL Don't introduce a hyphen at the break of a URL between two lines.between two lines.

If you must divide a URL between two lines, If you must divide a URL between two lines, break it only after a slash.break it only after a slash.

Two Author - In TextTwo Author - In Text

1. Make a direct quotation from the 1. Make a direct quotation from the following sentence: following sentence:

"Content development is the hardest, "Content development is the hardest, most time consuming part of any website most time consuming part of any website development project" (Patrick J. Lynch development project" (Patrick J. Lynch and Sarah Horton, and Sarah Horton, Web style guide: Web style guide: basic design principles for creating web basic design principles for creating web sitessites, 3)., 3).

Possible AnswerPossible Answer

According to Patrick Lynch and Sarah According to Patrick Lynch and Sarah Horton, "Content development is the Horton, "Content development is the hardest, most time consuming part of any hardest, most time consuming part of any website development project" (3).website development project" (3).

"Content development is the hardest, "Content development is the hardest, most time consuming part of any website most time consuming part of any website development project" (Horton & Lynch 3).development project" (Horton & Lynch 3).

Paraphrase In TextParaphrase In Text

Paraphrase the following passage: Paraphrase the following passage: "Sun's user "Sun's user interface expert Jakob Nielsen estimates that his interface expert Jakob Nielsen estimates that his redesign of Sun's intranet user interface may save redesign of Sun's intranet user interface may save each employee as much as 5 minutes a week through each employee as much as 5 minutes a week through consistent company wide application of design and consistent company wide application of design and navigation interface standards. The aggregate savings navigation interface standards. The aggregate savings in Sun employee time may amount to as much as ten in Sun employee time may amount to as much as ten million dollars a year, thus improving productivity and million dollars a year, thus improving productivity and increasing the efficiency with which employees use the increasing the efficiency with which employees use the companies intranet sites " (Patrick J. Lynch and Sarah companies intranet sites " (Patrick J. Lynch and Sarah Horton,Horton, Web style guide: basic design principles for Web style guide: basic design principles for creating web sitescreating web sites, 51-52). , 51-52).


According to Jakob Nielson, a more According to Jakob Nielson, a more consistent, standard design and intuitive consistent, standard design and intuitive interface for Sun's intranet system could interface for Sun's intranet system could save nearly ten million dollars a year by save nearly ten million dollars a year by making employees more efficient (Lynch making employees more efficient (Lynch and Horton 51-52).and Horton 51-52).

Multiple Author Citation Multiple Author Citation In TextIn Text

3. Make a mixed quotation from the 3. Make a mixed quotation from the following passage: following passage: "People who disregard "People who disregard technological mega leaps are likely to end up technological mega leaps are likely to end up feeling out of touch. Worse, once a person falls feeling out of touch. Worse, once a person falls behind in the endless race to know and behind in the endless race to know and understand new technology, it takes understand new technology, it takes tremendous determination and stamina to tremendous determination and stamina to catch up (Willem Velthoven, Liesbeth den catch up (Willem Velthoven, Liesbeth den Boer, and Geert-Jan Strengthold, Boer, and Geert-Jan Strengthold, Website Website Graphics--the best of Global DesignGraphics--the best of Global Design, intro). , intro). *note, for multiple authors, refer to them as *note, for multiple authors, refer to them as Velthoven et alVelthoven et al. "Et al" is Latin for "and others.". "Et al" is Latin for "and others."


Velthoven et al claim that people who fail Velthoven et al claim that people who fail to keep pace with new technologies will to keep pace with new technologies will not only be "out of touch" with society, not only be "out of touch" with society, they will also have to exert "tremendous they will also have to exert "tremendous determination and stamina to catch up."determination and stamina to catch up."

Direct Quotation In TextDirect Quotation In Text

4. Make a direct quotation from the 4. Make a direct quotation from the following sentence: following sentence: "Our life is frittered "Our life is frittered away by detail" (Henry David Thoreau).away by detail" (Henry David Thoreau).

Possible AnswersPossible Answers

Thoreau says, "Our life is frittered away Thoreau says, "Our life is frittered away by detail." by detail."

"Our life is frittered away by detail," says "Our life is frittered away by detail," says Thoreau.Thoreau.

Paraphrase In TextParaphrase In Text

5. Paraphrase the following passage: 5. Paraphrase the following passage: "Many "Many highly regarded web sites only fill 2 of the 3 highly regarded web sites only fill 2 of the 3 basic requirements of good design. Namely, basic requirements of good design. Namely, well-written content, an intuitive interface, and well-written content, an intuitive interface, and an appealing yet consistent design theme. All an appealing yet consistent design theme. All too often, sites are produced with well-written too often, sites are produced with well-written text but poor illustrations or vice versa" (Steve text but poor illustrations or vice versa" (Steve Bain and Daniel Gray. Bain and Daniel Gray. Looking Good online: Looking Good online: the ultimate resource for creating effective web the ultimate resource for creating effective web designs. designs. Ventana Communications Group, Inc, Ventana Communications Group, Inc, NC, 1996, p.99).NC, 1996, p.99).


Steve Bain and Daniel Gray say that a Steve Bain and Daniel Gray say that a good website has engaging content, good website has engaging content, friendly interface, and consistent, friendly interface, and consistent, pleasing design. But even many high pleasing design. But even many high profile, popular sites fail to meet all three profile, popular sites fail to meet all three of these criteria. Usually they either have of these criteria. Usually they either have good content and poor design, or good good content and poor design, or good design and poor content (99).design and poor content (99).

Mixed Citation In TextMixed Citation In Text

6. Make a mixed quotation from the 6. Make a mixed quotation from the following passage: following passage: "If Laura Lemay [an HTML "If Laura Lemay [an HTML guru] were to assemble a web site's dream guru] were to assemble a web site's dream team, she would first narrow the search down team, she would first narrow the search down to four types of people: a writer with a to four types of people: a writer with a journalism background, a programmer, a journalism background, a programmer, a designer, and a 'curious person' . . . 'Doing designer, and a 'curious person' . . . 'Doing something flashy and cool is less important something flashy and cool is less important than writing good content,' she said." than writing good content,' she said." ((WebWeekWebWeek). ).


Laura Lemay, HTML and web expert, says that Laura Lemay, HTML and web expert, says that the ultimate web design team would consist of the ultimate web design team would consist of four main people: a designer, a programmer, a four main people: a designer, a programmer, a writer, and a "curious person." These last two writer, and a "curious person." These last two are especially needed because a good website are especially needed because a good website involves more than "doing something flashy," involves more than "doing something flashy," she says. It also consists of "writing good she says. It also consists of "writing good content" (content" (WebWeekWebWeek).).

Work Cited page RulesWork Cited page Rules

ABC order by the first item in the ABC order by the first item in the first line.first line.

SecondSecond line is indented: Hanging line is indented: Hanging IndentIndent

World Wide Web siteWorld Wide Web site When you document sources from the When you document sources from the World World

Wide WebWide Web, the MLA suggests that your Works , the MLA suggests that your Works Cited entries contain as many items from the Cited entries contain as many items from the following list as are relevant and available: following list as are relevant and available:

Name of the author, editor, compiler, or translator Name of the author, editor, compiler, or translator (if available and relevant), alphabetized by last (if available and relevant), alphabetized by last name and followed by any appropriate name and followed by any appropriate abbreviations, such as abbreviations, such as ed.ed.

Title of a poem, short story, article, or other short Title of a poem, short story, article, or other short work within a scholarly project, database, or work within a scholarly project, database, or periodical, in quotation marks periodical, in quotation marks

Title of a book, in italics or underlined Title of a book, in italics or underlined Name of the editor, compiler, or Name of the editor, compiler, or

translator of a book (if applicable and translator of a book (if applicable and if not cited earlier), preceded by any if not cited earlier), preceded by any appropriate abbreviation, such as appropriate abbreviation, such as ed.ed.

Publication information for any print Publication information for any print version version

Title of the scholarly project, database, Title of the scholarly project, database, periodical, or professional or personal site periodical, or professional or personal site (in italics or underlined), or, for a (in italics or underlined), or, for a professional or personal site with no title, a professional or personal site with no title, a description such as description such as home pagehome page

Name of the editor of a scholarly project or Name of the editor of a scholarly project or database (if known) database (if known)

Version number (if not part of the title) or, Version number (if not part of the title) or, for a journal, the volume, issue, or other for a journal, the volume, issue, or other identifying number identifying number

Date of electronic publication or posting or Date of electronic publication or posting or latest update, whichever is most recent (if latest update, whichever is most recent (if known) known)

Name of any institution or organization Name of any institution or organization sponsoring or associated with the Web site sponsoring or associated with the Web site

Date you accessed the source Date you accessed the source URL (in angle brackets) URL (in angle brackets)

QuizQuiz Turn to the last page of the notes and Turn to the last page of the notes and

take the quiz.take the quiz.

Tear off the last page.Tear off the last page.

Hand it in to Mrs. NeelyHand it in to Mrs. Neely

Education

In Text Citation How To