Rizal is being disgusted with theantiquated method of instruction ofthe Dominican professors to Filipinostudents so he decided to continue hisstudies in Spain.

Rizal’s Secret MissionHe went to Spain to observe keenly the

life and culture, languages andcustoms, industries and commerce,and governments and laws of theEuropean nations to prepare himself inthe mighty task of liberating hisoppressed people from Spanishtyranny.

Secret Departure For Spain He’s departure in Spain was kept secret to avoid

detection by Spanish authorities and the friars. Hisparents don’t even know because he knew that hismother won’t allow him to go.

Before his secret departure, he wrote a farewellletter to his parents and to his sweetheart LeonorRivera.

May 3, 1882- he departed on board the Spanishsteamer Salvadora bound for Singapore with tearsin his eyes and gloom in his heart.

Singapore During the voyage to Singapore, he carefully

observed the people and things on boardthe steamer.

To remove or ease his boredom, Rizal playedchess with his fellow passengers who wereolder than him and because he was good atchess he defeated them all.

From Singapore to Colombo In Singapore, Rizal transferred to another shipDjemnah, a French steamer. It was a larger andcleaner vessel which carried more passengers.

On board, because it was a French vessel, and themajority of the passengers were French-speaking.He attempted to converse with his fellowpassengers with French, but he was surprised andembarrassed because he found out his book thathe learned at the Ateneo could not be understood.

From Singapore to Colombo By conversing daily with the French passengers, he

was able to improve his knowledge of differentlanguages.

He delightfully scribbled on his diary: “Colombo ismore beautiful, smart and elegant than Singapore,Point Galle, and Manila.”

First Trip Through Suez CanalFor the first time, Rizal sighted the barren

coast of Africa, which he called an“inhospitable but famous.”

At Port Said, the Mediterranean terminal ofthe Suez canal, Rizal landed in order to seethe interesting sights.

Naples and MarseillesHis first impression of Barcelona, was

unfavorable. He thought that it was ugly,with dirty little inns and inhospitableresidents. Later, he changed his badimpression and he found it to be really agreat city, with an atmosphere of freedomand liberalism, and its people were open-hearted, hospitable and courageous.

“Amor Patrio” In progressive Barcelona, Rizal wrote a

nationalistic essay entitled “Amor Patrio”(Love of country), his first article written onSpain’s soul.

“Amor Patrio” was under his pen-nameLaong Laan, appeared in print DiariongTagalog on August 20, 1882.

Manila Moves to Madrid While sojourning in Barcelona, Rizal received

sad news about the cholera that was ravagingManila and the provinces.

Many people had died and more were dyingdaily.

Another sad news from the Philippines was thechatty letter from Chengoy recounting theunhappiness of Leonor Rivera, who was gettingthinner because of the absence of a loved one.

Life in Madrid November 3, 1882- Rizal enrolled in the UniversidadSentral de Madrid(Central University of Madrid) intwo courses---Medicine and Philosophy and Letters.

He budgeted his money and time. He lived frugally,spending his money on food, clothing, lodging andbooks---never wasting a peseta for gambling, wine,and women.

He spent his leisure time reading and writing at hisboarding house, attending the reunions of Filipinostudents at the House of the Paterno Brother’s andpracticing fencing and shooting at the gymnasium.

Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez

Rizal was not a handsome man but he possess an auraof charisma due to his many-splendored talents andnovel characters which made him attractive toromantic young women.

Before his romance with Consuelo could blossom to aserious affair, he suddenly backed-out for two reasons:(1)he was still engage to Leonora Rivera; and (2)hisfriend and co-worker in the Propaganda Movement,Eduardo De Lete was madely inlove with Consuelo andhe nourished to break their friendship because of apretty girl.

“They Ask Me for Verses” In 1882 after his arrival in Madrid he

joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino(Hispano-Philippine Circle), a societyof Spaniards and Filipinos.

He wrote a poem entitled “Me PidenVersos” (They Ask Me For Verses)

Rizal as Lover of BooksA favorite pastime of Rizal in Madrid

was reading.

He economize on his living expensesand with the money he saved hepurchase books from a secondhandbookstore owned by a certain SenyorRoses. He was able to build a fair-sizedprivate library

Rizal’s First Visit to Paris (1883)Rizal was mistaken by the Parisians as a

Japanese.

The prices of food, drinks, theater, tickets,laundry, hotel accommodations andtransportation were too high for his slenderpurse so that he commented in a letter to hisfamily: “Paris is the costliest capital inEurope.”

Rizal as a MasonHe transferred to Lodge Solidaridad

(Madrid), where he became a mastermason on November 15, 1890.

As a mason, he played a lukewarm rolein Free Masonry, unlike M.H del Pilar,G. Lopez-Jaena, and Mariano Poncewho were very active in Masonic affairs.

Financial Worries After his departure for Spain, things turn from bad to

worse in Calamba.

The harvest of rice and sugarcane failed on account ofdrought and locusts and the manager of theDominican-owned hacienda increased the rentals ofthe lands cultivated by the Rizal Family.

Due to hard times in Calamba, the monthly allowancesof Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival and there weretimes when they never arrive, causing much sufferingto him.

Financial WorriesA touching in his life in Madrid occurred on

June 24, 1884 because he was broke andunable to take breakfast that day.

With an empty stomach he attended hisclass at the university, participated in thecontest in Greek language and won the goldmedal. In the evening of the same day, hewas able to eat dinner, for he was a guestspeaker.

Rizal’s Salute to Luna and HidalgoSpeaking in sonorous Castilian, Rizal

held his audience spellbound.

He saluted Luna and Hidalgo as thetwo glories of Spain and thePhilippines, whose artisticachievements transcendedgeographical frontiers and racialorigins, for genius is universal.

Rizal Involved in Student Demonstrations

November 20-22, 1884-the serene cityof Madrid exploded in bloody riots bythe students of the central universitythat were caused by the address of Dr.Morayta

Studies Completed in Spain He completed his medical course in Spain. He was

conferred the Degree of Licentiate in Medicine bythe Universidad Sentral de Madrid on June 21, 1884.

The next academic year (1884-1885) he studied andpassed all the subjects leading to the degree ofDoctor of Medicine.

At long last, he completed his studies in Spain.

By obtaining the Degree of Licentiate inPhilosophy and Letters, he is qualified to be aprofessor of humanities in any Spanish University

Thank you.