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Implants – Return on Investment
Amy RadunzUniversity of Wisconsin- MadisonState Beef Extension Specialist
Slides adapted from Bill Halfman, UW Extension Monroe CountyDr. Francis Fluharty, The Ohio State University
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• Beef Carcass• Muscle (40 to 65%)• Fat (15 to 45%)• Bone (10 to 15%)
Muscle Cell Growth• Hyperplasia
• Increasing cell number• Muscle cell number fixed during
gestation
• Hypertrophy • increase in muscle cell size• Increased protein synthesis – satellite
cells• Decrease in protein degradation• Combination of both
4
Implants can increase 1 full unit of frame size
5
Why do we castrate?• More desirable meat
quality• Marbling• Tenderness• Flavor
• Handling/Facilities• Safety
HOWEVER, we give up growth rate and feed efficiency
Why do we Implant?• Implants enhance performance
• Increase ADG (10-15%)• Increase feed intake (8-10%)• Improve efficiency
7
Classifying Implants
POTENCY• High potency: Androgen
(Testosterone) based• Testosterone propionate• Trenbolone acetate (TBA)
• Low potency: Estrogen based• Estradiol 17β• Progesterone
• Medium potency: Combination • Androgen/Estrogen implants
DURATION
• 60 – 400 days
READ THE LABEL:Ingredients,
amounts, duration, and class of cattle
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Why do buyers discount feeder bull calves?
Steers BullsNo. Head 967 1795Starting wt, lbs 468 46460 d wt, lb 599 58160 d ADG, lb/d 2.23 1.95Morbidity, % 18.7 25.1Mortality, % 0.72 2.28
Dale Blasi, 27 loads of calves received at the KSU Beef Stocker Unit
AVMA Policy
• Recommend to castrate at earliest age practicable
• Why?• Least stressful time to castrate• Weaning plus vaccination plus other stressor
increase morbidity• Castration at feedlot the most stressful and
results in greatest morbidity and other negative consequences
Economics
• Weight gain from intact calves lost in first 28 –d postweaning (Martson et al., 2003)• Bull gains gain 5-15% more than non-implanted
castrated pre-weaning• First 28-d post-weaning
• 1.52 lbs/d for early-castrated calves• 1.16 lbs/d for calves castrated at weaning• 0.36 lbs/d x 28 = 10 lbs
Age of Castration –Weaning Wt
Early Late0
100
200
300
400
500
Body
Wei
ght,
lbs
36 days of age 131 days of age
Imler, et al., 2010- U of Florida
If Implants used = +18-20 lbs+$27 – 30 per hd
Guidelines for Nursing Calves
• Not approved for calves less than 30-45 d of age• One implant between 2 months and weaning
recommended• Only implant castrated males
• Not recommended for replacement heifers• Do not implant bull calves
• Do not implant if intended for all natural or organic markets
Nursing CalvesTrade Name Approved for Active Ingredient Payout
Period- days
Ralgro® Steers/heifers 36 mg zeranol 70-100Synovex-C®Comonenet E-C®
Steers/heifers 100 mg progesterone10 mg estradiol benzoate
100-140
Compudose® Steers 25.7 mg estradiol 170-200Encore® Steers 43.9 mg estradiol 300-400Note: all of these implants would be classified as low potency implants
Last updated 4-10-2012
Stocker/Backgrounder Guidelines• Can expect 10-15% improvement in ADG (0.18-0.27 lb/d)• Payout between 80-100 days• If feeding longer than 120 days consider long duration
implant or two implants• Factors affecting payout
• Genetic gain potential• Forage availability• Supplementation• Sex• Weight
Approved for grazing, weaned calves not for replacementProduct Approved For: Active Ingredients Payout
Period- daysRalgro® Steers/heifers 36 mg zeranol 70-100
Compudose® Steers/heifers 27.7 mg estradiol 170-200
Encore® Steers/heifers 43.9 mg estradiol 350-400
Revalor-G®Component-TE-G®
Steers/heifers 200 mg estradiol benzoate 100-140
Synovex-S®Component E-S®
Steers 200 mg progesterone20 mg estradiol benzoate
100-140
Synovex-H®Component E-H®
Heifers 200 mg testosterone propionate20 mg estradiol benzoate
100-140
Note: Listed in order of potency and would be consider low to medium-low potency implants
Last updated 4-10-2012
Simmental bulls and steers slaughtered at 1370 lbs
Bulls Steers SEM P-Value
Age, d 420 475
ADG, lbs/d 4.06 3.24 0.16 0.001
Carcass fat gain, g/d 437.5 467.7 22.7 NS
Final carcass fat, % 22.7 32.1 9.0 0.001
Carcass protein gain, g/d 198.7 127.6 6.6 0.001
Final carcass protein, % 16.6 14.7 2.0 0.001
Anderson et al., 1988
Castration impacts on carcass traitsIncreased quality gradeIncreased back fat (higher numeric yield grade)
Implants Impact Carcass Traits• Implants impacts on carcass traits
• Decreased quality grade• Decreased backfat (lower numeric yield grade)• Increased muscle and carcass weight (higher dressing
percentage)• Tougher
• Need to match cattle type, implant, and marketing to get the most return on investment
Start with End in Mind• Questions to ask yourself:
• How many times do I want to implant?• How many days on feed do I expect for this group of
cattle?• How will this strategy influence my marketing?
• Information needed for decision• Frame size of feeder cattle• Muscling of cattle• Breed of cattle• Energy density of diet
Most Return• When Implanted in Growth Curve
• More return at the end of the growth period• Delay fat deposition and increase muscle• Improved feed efficiency when the poorest
• Once Implanted• Most return and response from animal early• Effects will diminish over time = payout period
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Zeranol Estradiol TBA + E
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
ADG Choice
Perc
enta
ge c
hang
e
Implant Program
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 200
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Estradiol Estrodial/TBA
CH:SE Spread, $/cwt
$ pr
ofit/
hd
Minimize Impacts on QG
• Lower potency• Delay implanting• Energy density of diet• Timely marketing
Trade Name Approved For: Active Ingredient Payout period- days
Ralgro Magnum® Steers 72 mg zeranol 60-80
Synovex-Choice® Steers 100 mg progesterone 14 mg estradiol benzoate
60-80
Revalor-IH®Component TE- IH®
Heifers 80 mg of trenbolone acetate 8 mg estradiol
60-100
Revalor- IS®Component TE- IS®
Steers 80 mg of trenbolone acetate 16 mg estradiol
60-100
Revalor-S®Component T-S®
Steers 120 mg of trenbolone acetate24 mg of estradiol
80-120
Revalor-H®Component TE-H®
Heifers 140 mg of trenbolone acetate 14 mg estradiol
80-120
Component T-H®Finaplix H®
Heifers 200 mg of trenbolone acetate 80-120
Revalor 200®Component- TE-200®
Steers/Heifers 200 mg of trenbolone acetate 20 mg estradiol
100-140
Synovex-Plus® Steers/heifers 200 mg of trenbolone acetate 28 mg of estradiol benzoate
100-140
Revalor XS® Steers 20 pellets w/ 20 mg of trenbolone acetate & 4 mg estradiol
130-180
Note: These are in addition to implants approved for grazing, weaned calvesAnd listed for in relative order of potency
Last updated 4-10-2012
25
150 days or less (Yearlings)
Days on Feed
0 14080 100 12020 60
Low E
TBA combo (med to strong): 80-120 d
TBA combo or TBA : 100-120 d
40
TBA combo (med to strong) : 60-80 d
Adapted from Bill Halfman
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200 days (Calf-feds)
Days on Feed
0 200100 140 16040 60
Estrogenic or Med. Combo: 60-80 d
TBA combo (med to strong): 100-120 d
Long duration low to medium potency: 200-300 d
TBA combo (med to strong) : 60-80 d
Adapted from Bill Halfman
27
300 days (Long-fed, Holsteins)
Days on Feed
Low- Estrogenic
Low-Med Estrogenic – long duration
Low Estrogenic
Long duration Implant (200-300 d)
0 300150 200 25050 100
Med- Estrogenic Med- Combo or TBA
Med- Combo or TBA
Long duration Implant (200-300 d)
Adapted from Bill Halfman
Not a fix for poor management
• Implants will not fix• Inadequate nutrition• Lack of bedding• Excessive manure• Poor bunk management
Final Tips
• If using multiple implants increase potency with the following implants• Diminishing returns – animals become
‘adapted’ to implant• Last implant should include some level of TBA
• Greatest improvement in feed efficiency• Longer duration implants may want to consider if
you can restrain 900-1000 lb steers
Implant Placement
Cost of Improper TechniqueEstimated cost/head
Abscess $25
Bunched/Crushed $15
Missed $25
Walled off/In Cartilage $25
Partial loss $20
References• Implant strategies for high quality beef production. Robbi Pritchard, SDSU.
www.cabpartners.com/news/research/pritchard_implanting.doc.pdf • Implant Use in Backgrounding Calves. NDSU. www.ag.ndsu.edu
/pubs/ansci/beef/as1178w.htm • Beef Cattle Implants, Utah University Extension.
www.sustainabletable.org/issues/docs/Utah_University_Implants.pdf • Elanco Implant Portfolio: https://www.elanco.us/products-services/beef/ • Intervet, Inc.- Revalor products: http://www.revalor.com/ • Pfizer Animal Health – Synovex products:
https://animalhealth.pfizer.com/sites/PahWeb/US/EN/Pages/Beef.aspx • Merck Animal Health Implants - Ralgro products:http
://www.merck-animal-health-usa.com/products/130_163380/productdetails_130_163790.aspx