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Headlines and Hot Spots: Work- Life Research for the Non- Researcher Judith Finer Freedman Judi Casey Ellen Galinsky

Impact of Technology of our Work and Family Lives

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Presentation from the AWLP2012 Work-Life Forum on the Impact of Technology on our Work and Family Lives. How does technology enhance or disrupt our work and family lives?

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Page 1: Impact of Technology of our Work and Family Lives

Headlines and Hot Spots: Work-Life Research for the Non-Researcher

Judith Finer FreedmanJudi CaseyEllen Galinsky

Page 2: Impact of Technology of our Work and Family Lives

WWW.AWLP.ORG/FORUM 2012

Impact of Technology on our Work and Family Lives

Judi Casey, WFRN, Director

Page 3: Impact of Technology of our Work and Family Lives

WWW.AWLP.ORG/FORUM 2012

Work-Life Research

Tremendous amount of research Multi-disciplinary Global Diverse topics

See slides #20-33 for more Work-Life Research information at the end of this slide deck.

Page 4: Impact of Technology of our Work and Family Lives

WWW.AWLP.ORG/FORUM 2012

Technology and Work-Life

How does the use of technology (computers, email, Internet, cell phones, tablets, and MP3 players) enhance or disrupt our work and family lives? Examine:1. The evolving and future world of work2. How technology impacts work and blurs

boundaries between home and work3. Addiction to technology and the inability to

disconnect4. Impact of technology on attention, focus and

creativity

Page 5: Impact of Technology of our Work and Family Lives

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Evolving World of Work

7 key appliances of the information age 85% cell phones (96% of 18-29 year olds) 76% desktop or laptop computers 47% mp3 players (iPod) 42% game consoles (parents 64% more likely) Tablet computers and e-book readers: (Kindle) and

(iPad) were relatively new arrivals when survey done Not only gadgets – Internet and social media

Americans and Their Gadgets (2010): survey of 3,001 American adults (18+)

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Evolving World of Work

55% indicated that the future for the “hyperconnected” will be positive:

“…nimble, quick-acting multitaskers who count on the

Internet as their external brain and who approach

problems in a different way from their elders.” 42% noted negative outcomes:

“…thirst for instant gratification and quick fixes, a loss

of patience, and a lack of deep-thinking ability.”

2011 survey of 1,021 technology experts on the Future of the Internet and its impact by 2020

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Technology Blurs Boundaries

10 different mobiles users, 5 “motivated by mobility” (39% of mobile users) and 5 “stationary media will do” (remaining 61%)Mobile Difference, 2009: surveys in 2006 and 2007

on Internet access via mobile phones

Tradeoffs to technology use: “…benefit of increased connectivity and flexibility, while mobiles have added stress and new demands”Networked Workers, 2008: 2,134 adults in the

continental US

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Technology Blurs Boundaries

“Technology permeates American households…” Technology allows families to connect when they

are apart Friends and extended family too

Technology keeps families apart when they are together

Networked Families, 2008: survey 2,252 adults, 18+

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Technology Blurs Boundaries

More frequent use of technology (computer, email, cell phones, Internet) results in: More effective at work, greater work load,

increased pace of work demands Different devices have different outcomes

Chesley, 2010: data from 2001-2, 2,214 employees

WFRN working paper (Johnson & Chesley, 2012) on ICT: 83% report increased productivity, 53% increased stress levels (sample from Networked Workers, 2008)

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Technology Blurs Boundaries

“More likely to view the Internet as having a positive impact on their ability to balance their work and home lives” (more flexibility)Wajcman et al, 2010: nationally representative sample

of Australian employees

Use of ICT after hours resulted in more work to family conflict for both employees AND their significant otherBoswell & Buchanan (2007): 360 university staff

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Technology Blurs Boundaries

More use of mobile email increased feelings of work overload and had a negative effect on their family lives

Feelings of work overload had a negative impact on organizational commitmentTurel et al., (2011): online survey of 241 mobile email users in 3 North American organizations

Eroding boundaries=double-edged sword for organizationsAvailable all the Time, 2009 (Nancy Rothbard)

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Technology Addiction

Expected to be responsive and connected 24/7 Addiction is:

Linked to our need to feel wanted and important How we show that we are dedicated/available

(Carolyn Marvin): Perlow, 2009: time off benefits employees and

productivity at BCG Detachment from work during non-work hours is

important for employee wellbeing and productivityFlipping the Switch, 2012

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Technology and Attention

Information overload can make people feel anxious and powerless Multi-taskers produce more stress hormones

Overload can reduce creativity Overload can lower productivity

The Economist, 2011 Switch tasks every 3 seconds Distractions use as much as 28% of the average US

worker's day Productivity cost of $650 billion/year

Distracted, 2008

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What Some Organizations Are Doing

Volkswagen(Germany):deactivate emails during non-work hours. Can only receive email ½ hr before and ½ hour after the work day

Deutsche TeleKom: pledged to not expect workers to read email after business hours at certain points during the week

Lloyds Bank (UK) banned employee travel during the 3rd week of every month

Google installed energy pods for short breaks

Flipping the Switch, 2012

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What Can Your Organization Do?

Employer Guidelines? Employer Policies? Provide Employee Training?

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Bibliography (1)

Agger, B. (2011). iTime: Labor and life in a smartphone era. Time & Society, 20(1), 119-136.

Allen, D. (2012, March 17) When office technology overwhelms, get organized. Retrieved from:

http://nyti.ms/FWz32g

Anderson, J., & Rainie, L. (2012, February). Future of the internet: Millennials will benefit and suffer due to their

hyperconnected lives. Pew Charitable Trust: Washington, DC. Retrieved from:

http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Hyperconnected-lives.aspx

Boswell, W. & Olson-Buchanan. (2007). The use of communication technologies: The role of work attitudes and

work-life conflict. Journal of Management, 33(4), 592-610.

Chesley, N. (2010). Technology use and employee assessments of work effectiveness, workload and pace of life.

Information, Communication and Society, (13)4, 485-514.

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Bibliography (2)

Friedman, Stewart (2008). Total leadership: Be a better leader, have a richer life. Boston, MA: Harvard Business

School Publishing.

Horrigan, J. (2009, March). The mobile difference. Pew Charitable Trust: Washington, DC. Retrieved from:

http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2009/5-The-Mobile-Difference--Typology.aspx

Jackson, M. (2008). Distracted: The erosion of attention and the coming Dark Age. Amherst, NY: Prometheus.

Jackson, M. (2008). May we have your attention, please? Retrieved from: http://buswk.co/18dm3O

Kennedy, T. et al. (2008, October). Networked families. Pew Charitable Trust: Washington, DC. Retrieved from:

http://pewinternet.org/~/media//Files/Reports/2008/PIP_Networked_Family.pdf

Knowledge@Wharton. (2009, September 30). Available all the time: Etiquette for the Social Networking Age.

Retrieved from: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2349

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Bibliography (3)

Knowledge@Wharton. (2012, February 15). Flipping the switch: Who is responsible for getting employees to take

a break? Retrieved from: http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article.cfm?articleid=2941

Madden, M. & Jones, S. (2008, September). Networked workers. Pew Charitable Trust: Washington, DC.

Retrieved from: http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2008/Networked-Workers.aspx

Perlow, L. & Porter, J. (2009) Making time off predictable &- required. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from:

http://hbr.org/2009/10/making-time-off-predictable-and-required/ar/1

Perlow, L. (forthcoming). Sleeping with your smartphone: How to break the 24/7 habit and change the way you

work. Boston, MA: Harvard Business Review Press.

Schwartz, T. (2012, March 14). The magic of doing one thing at a time. Retrieved from HBR Blog Network:

http://bit.ly/FWyXIf

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Bibliography (4)

Smith, A. (2010, October). Americans and their gadgets. Pew Charitable Trust: Washington, DC. Retrieved from:

http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Gadgets.aspx

The Economist. (2011, June). Too much information: how to cope with data overload. Retrieved from:

http://www.economist.com/node/18895468

Turel, O., Serenko, A., & Bontis, N. (2011). Family and work-related consequences of addiction to organizational

pervasive technologies. Information and Management, doi:10.1016/j.im.2011.01.004

Wajcman, J. et al (2010). Enacting virtual connections between work and home. Journal of Sociology, 46(3), 257-

275.

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Work-Life Research

Tremendous amount of research

Work and Family Researchers Network Conference: https://workfamily.sas.upenn.edu/content/conference

  826 individual presenters 785 presentations 132 sessions

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Work-Life Research

Multi-disciplinary* Sociology: 27%

Psychology: 14%

Management/HR: 12%

Business: 9%

Corporate/Private: 6%

Public policy/Political sci: 6%

Work/Family Specialists: 6%

Economics: 4%

Social Work: 4%

Women/Gender studies: 4%

Law: 3%

Public hlth/Healthcare: 3%

Communications: 1%

Education: 1%

Anthropology: 1%

*Based on department/affiliation of

presenter, not available for all

participants

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Work-Life Research

Global: approximately 30% international with 30+ countries represented, including:

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Work-Life Research

Australia Austria Canada Chile China Cyprus Czech Republic Finland France

Germany Ghana India Ireland Israel Italy Japan Kenya New Zealand

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Work-Life Research

Nigeria Pakistan Philippines Portugal Singapore Slovenia South Africa

Spain Sweden Switzerland The Netherlands United Arab Emirates United Kingdom USA

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Work-Life Research

Diverse topics reflected in a sample of sessions listed below (# of session on program)

 Culture (16)

Work-Family Culture and Work Performance: Does a

Supportive Culture Enhance Performance?

Understanding the Dynamic among Organizational Culture,

Employee Characteristics and Employee Use of Work-Life

Initiatives

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Work-Life Research

Child, Elder, Dependent Care (47) Work-Family, Time and Parental Shares of

Childcare in Five Countries Improving Work-Life Integration for Families of

Children and Youth with Mental Health Disorders

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Work-Life Research

Flexible Work Arrangements, Telework, Time (22) Love in the Time of Liberalization: Gender,

Power, and Marriage Among White-Collar Workers in India

“I’ll finish this at home”: How Boundary Flexibility and Permeability Influence Work-family Outcomes

Workplace Flexibility Within Selected Industrial Sectors, Organizational Sizes, and Employee Populations

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Work-Life Research

Diversity/Inclusion (29) How Americans Think and Feel About Families The Work/Non-Work Experience: What about

Gay Homosexuals? An Explorative Study of Gay Men in Sweden

 

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Work-Life Research

Fathers/Dads (14) Fatherhood and Marital Relationships in Families

of Combat Officers in the IDF (Israel) “You Try to be Superman and You Don’t Have to

Be”: Gay Adoptive Dads’ Challenges with Work/Family Balance

How Companies Accommodate Fathers’ Taking Parental Leave – Perspectives of HR Managers in Sweden

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Work-Life Research

Gender (74) Intensive Work Commitment among Executive

Men: Cultural Inheritance and Contemporary Meanings

Gender Differences in Specialization Choices, and Career Advancements of Japanese Lawyers

How High-Performing Women Sustain Strong Job Performance While Raising Families: Insights from Field Research

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Work-Life Research

Recession (16) Parent Reports of the Recession's Effect on

Young Children and Their Families in Rural Communities

Work-life Balance in Times of Economic Crisis: A Longitudinal Study in a Dutch Consultancy Firm

How do Families react to the Economic Crisis? Families’ Expenses on Early Childhood Education in Spain over the Period 2006-2009

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Work-Life Research

Wellbeing, Wellness, Health (25) Solitary Time in a Harried Society: The Association

Between Solitary Time and Mental Health in the

Netherlands Good to be Back Home: Work Travelers and Spouses’

Daily Reports of Physical and Psychological Well-Being The Effect of Leaders’ Work-Family Conflict on Followers’

Depression: An Examination of Crossover Processes Uplifts Over the Weekend and Work Performance: The

Mediating Role of Positive Mood

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Work-Life Research

Workplace (43) The Customized Well-Being Index: Developing an

Understanding of Your Employee Population and Tracking

Change Over Time

Antecedents and Organizational Consequences of Family

Supportive Supervisor Behavior: An Empirical Investigation

Work/Family Reconciliation: Corporate Management, Family

Policies, and Gender Equality in the Finnish Context

Is Work-Life Balance Training Effective? An Evaluation of a

Self-Learning Kit for Employees