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October 5, 2013 1 [email protected]

Image Processing - Components of an Image processing System

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Page 1: Image Processing - Components of an Image processing System

October 5, 2013 1

[email protected]

Page 2: Image Processing - Components of an Image processing System

October 5, 2013 2

• Image Formation

• Image Acquisition

• Components of Digital Image Process System

Image Sensors

Specialized Image Processing Hardware

Processors

Computer

Mass Storage

Hardcopy devices

Image Processing software

Image Displays

Networking

Page 3: Image Processing - Components of an Image processing System

Image formation

Page 4: Image Processing - Components of an Image processing System

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The image is captured by a sensor

(e.g. Camera), and digitized if the

output of the camera or sensor is not

already in digital form, using

analogue-to-digital convertor

Image Acquisition

Page 5: Image Processing - Components of an Image processing System

October 5, 2013 5

Components of Digital Image Processing Systems

The problem domain, such as to detect human faces in an Image.

Page 6: Image Processing - Components of an Image processing System

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Two elements are required to acquire digital

images.

First: is the physical device that is sensitive to the

energy radiated by the object we wish to image

(Sensor).

Second: called a digitizer, is a device for converting

the output of the physical sensing device into digital

form.

Image Sensors

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An image sensor is a device that converts an optical image into an electronic signal.

It is used mostly in digital cameras, camera modules and other imaging devices. Early

analog sensors were video camera tube; most currently used are digital charge

coupled device (CCD) or complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) active

pixel sensors.

CMOS image sensor A CCD image sensor on a flexible circuit board

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Today, most digital still cameras use either a CCD image sensor or a CMOS

sensor. Both types of sensor accomplish the same task of capturing light and

converting it into electrical signals.

Each cell of a CCD image sensor is an analog device. When light strikes the

chip it is held as a small electrical charge in each photo sensor. The charges

are converted to voltage one pixel at a time as they are read from the chip.

Additional circuitry in the camera converts the voltage into digital information.

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Usually consists of the digitizer, mentioned before, plus

hardware that performs other primitive operations, such as

an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic

and logical operations in parallel on entire images.

This type of hardware sometimes is called a front-end

subsystem, and its most distinguishing characteristic is

speed. In other words, this unit performs functions that

require fast data throughputs that the typical main

computer cannot handle.

Specialized Image Processing Hardware

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Processors

• RISC vs CISC

• MIMD

• SIMD

• PIPELINES

Page 11: Image Processing - Components of an Image processing System

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RISC vs CISC

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Multiple Instruction stream Multiple Data stream:

Several processors execute different instructions on different data.

MIMD

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Single Instruction stream Multiple Data stream:

Several processors execute the same instruction on different data.

SIMD

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is a set of data processing elements connected in series, where the output of

one element is the input of the next one. The elements of a pipeline are often

executed in parallel or in time-sliced fashion; in that case, some amount of

buffer storage is often inserted between elements.

Pipelines

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The computer in an image processing system is a

general-purpose computer and can range from a PC to a

supercomputer. In dedicated applications, sometimes

specially designed computers are used to achieve a

required level of performance.

Computer

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هذه تحتاج الى ميكابايت من الذكرة اذا لم (بت 8كل بكسل هو )بكسل 1024*1024الصورة بحجم

يتم ضغط الصورة

Mass Storage

There are three different types of digital storage that are available for digital

image processing applications

short-term storage

online storage

archival storage

Page 17: Image Processing - Components of an Image processing System

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One method of providing short-term storage is computer memory.

Another is by specialized boards, called frame buffers, that store

one or more images and can be accessed rapidly.

The on-line storage method, allows virtually instantaneous image

zoom, as well as scroll (vertical shifts) and pan (horizontal shifts).

On-line storage generally takes the form of magnetic disks and

optical-media storage. The key factor characterizing on-line

storage is frequent access to the stored data.

Finally, archival storage is characterized by massive storage

requirements but infrequent need for access.

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Page 19: Image Processing - Components of an Image processing System

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Used for recording images, include laser

printers, film cameras, heat-sensitive devices,

inkjet units and digital units, such as optical and

CD-Rom disks.

Hardcopy devices

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It is the algorithm that runs on your hardware to achieve specific results.

This software can be your own designed algorithm or you can just be an

end user (eg: using Photoshop).

Image Processing software

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Image Displays

A display device is an output device for presentation of information in visual

When the input information is supplied as an electrical signal, the display is

called an electronic display.

Common applications for electronic visual displays are televisions or

computer monitors

Page 22: Image Processing - Components of an Image processing System

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Networking

Is almost a default function in any computer system, in

use today. Because of the large amount of data

inherent in image processing applications the key

consideration in image transmission is bandwidth.

In dedicated networks, this typically is not a problem,

but communications with remote sites via the internet

are not always as efficient.

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