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Ideological RationaleTwo Nation Theory

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Presented to: Dr. AsimaPresented by: Zainab Kamran (143) Areeba Faisal (144) Tayyaba Naeem (145) Ambreen Javaid (146) Khadija Asif (147) Fatima khan (149) Nawal Zahra (151) Saba Iftikhar (152) Zoha Hashim (153)Presented on: 14/3/2016

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Ideology

Meaning: The term “Ideology” is a French word meaning science of ideas.Definition:

“An ideology is a set of aims and ideas that directs ones goal, expectations and ideas.”

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Components of ideology

1. Common Religion2. Common Culture3. Common Clauses4. Sincere Dedication and Pledges

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Importance of Ideology

• It is not only a thought but it is also a feeling which awakens humans to progress.

• To move forward and to fulfill the desires.• Initially we face difficulties, hurdles and problems.• At end everlasting happiness. • It sets the mutual duties and rights of the

humans.

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Islamic Ideology

• It is an ideology through a society is reformed in accordance with teachings of Islam, Holly Prophet(SAW), Quran, sunnah.

• It is based on the basic teachings of Quran:1. The faith.2. Islam being complete code of life.

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Ideology of Pakistan

• The creation of Pakistan was unique in the sense that it was based on the ideological commitments in the light of the religion Islam.

• Ideology of Pakistan basically means that Pakistan should be a state where the Muslims should have an opportunity to live according to the faith and creed based on the Islamic principles

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• Covers the political, social, economical and religious aspects of human life.

• Ideology of Islam is the ideology of Pakistan.

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Nation

Definition:“A nation is a territory or country as political

entity or a grouping of people who share real or imagined common history, culture, language or

ethnic origin, often possessing or seeking its own government.”

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Two Nation Theory

• The phenomenon of Two-Nation theory originated with the advent of Islam in the Sub-Continent.

• People of south Asia believe that Islam and Hinduism are not only two religious but also two social orders that have given birth to two distinct cultures with no similarities.

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• Inspite of living together for more than a thousands years, they continued to develop different cultures and traditions.

• Hindus and Muslims are to separate nations. They have different philosophy of life.

• Their beliefs, culture, political leaders and way of living is different from each other.

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• Inspite of living together for more than a thousands years, they continued to develop different cultures and traditions.

• Hindus and muslims are to separate nations. They have different philosophy of life.

• Their beliefs, culture, political leaders and way of living is different from each other.

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Al-Beruni (1001 A.D)

Ai-Beruni wrote in his famous book “Kitab-ul- hind” as:

“The Hindu society maintained this peculiar character over the centuries. The two societies,

Hindus and Muslims, like two streams have sometimes touched but never merged, each

following its separate course.”

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Factors that split sub-continent in two Nations

There are a few factors which split the inhabitants of the Sub Continent into two nations. Let us examine each of them separately: • Religious Differences• Hindu Nationalism• Cultural Differences• Social differences• Economic Differences • Educational Differences• Political Differences• Language

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Muslims Believes And Hindus BelievesMuslims:• Islam preaches Tawheed

(oneness of Allah) and believes that Allah is the creator of the universe.

• Muslims are the believers of Allah, the Holy the Prophet (SAW) the messenger of Allah.

• Muslims firmly believe on the Holy book Quran (complete code of life)and the life hereafter.

Hindus:• Hindu believes in many

gods. They have thousands of gods.

• Prophets are people who see god. they teach about god. And they have characteristics of god.

• Their writings are called Vedas.

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Religion DifferencesMuslims Hindus

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Islamic Culture VS Hindu CultureIslamic Culture:• Muslim followed the

Islamic culture.• Muslims burred their dead

bodies.• Muslims slaughtered the

cow.• Muslims abhorred the

tradition of ‘Sati’.• In Islam every human

beings are equal.

Hindu Culture:• Hindus inherited a self build

culture.• The Hindus burnt their dead

bodies.• Hindus considered the

‘Mother cow’ as a sacred animal.

• They performed ‘Sati’ and worshipped.

• There exists a caste system in Hindus.

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Culture DifferencesMuslims Hindus

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Social Differences

• The two communities of the Sub Continent differ in their social life.

• The clothes, the foods, the household utensils, the construction of homes, the words of greeting, the gestures and every thing about them was different and immediately represented to their distinctive origin.

• The moral values, ethics and norms of both the communities are totally different.

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Economic DifferencesMuslims:• There is a proper check and

balance of economy in Islam.• Zakat usher is compulsory

for Muslims.• Interest (suud) is strictly

forbade in Islam.• Muslims were thrown

outside the government sector, they were financially week.

Hindus:• No check and balance.• No concept of Zakat in

Hindus religion.• No concept of interest.• The Hindus were

provided with ample opportunities to progress economically.

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Educational DifferencesMuslims:• Muslims did not

receive modern education which heavily affected their economic conditions.

• They could not cope with the society because they ignore the modern education.

Hindus:• The Hindus were

advanced in the educational field because they quickly and readily took to the English education

• They occupied the best social status because of the modern education.

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Political Differences

The political differences between the Hindus and Muslims have played an important role in the evolution of Two Nation Theory.i. Hindi Urdu Controversy In 1867, Hindus demanded that

Urdu should be written in Hindi Script instead Urdu Script. This created another gap between Hindus and Muslims.

ii. Congress Attitude The Indian national Congress was founded in 1885. It claimed to represent all communities of India but oppressed all Muslim ideas and supported the Hindu.

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• Partition of Bengal In 1905, the partition of Bengal ensured a number of political benefits for the Muslims, but the Hindus launched an agitation against the partition and partition was annulled in 1911.

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Language

Muslims:• The language of the

Muslims was Urdu and it was written in Arabic Script.

• Urdu language had the difference in writing, thoughts of poetry, arts, painting and words of music.

Hindus:• Hindi language was

spoken by Hindus and it was written in Sanskrit.

• Hindi language had its own way of writing in every art which is quite different from urdu.

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Sir Syed Ahmed Khan and Two Nation Theory

Saying of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan:“I am convinced now that Hindus and Muslims

could never become one nation as their religion and way of life was quite distinct from each

other.”

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Sir Syed’s political views:• That India was a continent, not a country.• That it was inhabited by a vast population of

different races and different creeds.• That among these, Hindus and Muslims, were the

major nations on the basis of nationality, religion, customs, cultures, cultural and historical traditions.

• After the British quit, they could not share the political power equally. That was simply impossible and inconceivable.

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• The Indian National Congress was not acceptable to the Muslims.

• Muslims could not accept a democratic set up of western type because with a one to four ratio of population, they could be enslaved by the Hindus.

• There would be a disastrous civil war if the Congress persisted in its policy of yoking together the two nations

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Allama Iqbal and Two-Nation Theory• Allama Iqbal was a great poet, philosopher and a politician.

Iqbal had a sensitive heart and a deep-thinking inquisitive mind. He was dismayed at the pathetic conditions of the Muslims in general and of the Indian Muslims in particular.

• Allama Iqbal delivered historical address at Allahabad:“The units of Indian society are not territorial as in the

European countries. India is a continent of human groups belonging to different races speaking different

languages and professing different religions. Their behavior is not at all determined by a common race-

consciousness.”

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• Under such circumstances, Allama Iqbal proposed a separate state of the Muslims. In his presidential address to the Allahabad session of the Muslim League in 1930, he said:“Personally I would go further…. I would like to see the Punjab, Khyber Paktoon Khawa, Sindh and Balochistan amalgamated into a single state. Self-government within the British Empire or without the British Empire, the formation of a single consolidated North-West Indian Muslim state appears to me to be the final destiny of the Muslims at least of North West India.”

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• Allama Iqbal claimed that the Muslims were a separate nation in every respect. His own words in this regard were as follows:

“We have a population of seven crore among all nations of the sub-continent, we are the most united. In fact, of all the nations

inhabiting the country, Muslims are the only true nation according to the most modern definition of the world.”

In short the prophecy of Iqbal acted as a spur for the Muslims of India who craved out an independent state Pakistan for

themselves, Seventeen years later (Allahabad Address 1930) on 14th August 1947.

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Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Two-Nation Theory

• Quaid-e-Azam’s struggle also based on two-nation theory, Quaid-e-Azam said:

“Difference in India between the two major nations, the Hindus and the Muslims are

thousand times greater when compared with the continent of Europe.”

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Quaid-e-Azam further said:“India is not a national state. India is not a country but a Sub-continent composed of nationalities, the two major

nations being Hindus and the Muslims whose culture and civilizations, language and literature, art and architecture, names and nomenclature, sense of value and proportion, laws and jurisprudence, social moral codes, customs and calendar, history and traditions, aptitudes and ambitions, outlook on life and of life are fundamentally different. By

all canons of international law we are nation.”

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• In 1940, Muslim League embraced the creed of Chaudhry Rehmat Ali and the historic session on March 23, 1940 in Lahore demanded the establishment of Pakistan. On that occasion, Quaid-e-Azam in his presidential address said:

“Islam and Hinduism are not religions in the strict sense of the word, but are, in fact, different and distinct social orders… The

Hindus and Muslims belong to two different religious philosophies, social customs, literatures. They neither inter-marry nor inter-dine together and, indeed, they belong to two different

civilizations which are based mainly on conflicting ideas and conceptions.”

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• He refuted the claim of All Indian Nation Congress that India had only one single nation, in the name of Indian by the following statement.

• The history of the last twelve hundred years has failed to achieve the unity and has witnessed, India always divided into Hindu India and Muslim India.

• Quaid-e-Azam made the English ruler realize the fundamental deep rooted spiritual economic, social and political differences. He said that their efforts would frustrate which they were making to bind all Indians through central Government.

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Thank youAny Question?