ASSIGNMENT Natural And Man Made Fibers Topic: Fiber Report Submitted To: Imran Raza Malik Submitted By: Iftikhar wali Discipline:Textile Science Date:26/03/2015 Identification of Fibers
1. ASSIGNMENT Natural And Man Made Fibers Topic: Fiber Report
Submitted To: Imran Raza Malik Submitted By: Iftikharwali
Discipline:Textile Science Date:26/03/2015
2. Identification of Fibers 1. BURN TESTS Procedure: Cut a
small sample of textile fiber and holding it in a tweezers or
forceps cautiously ignite with a matchstick or lighter. Observe the
sample carefully, because each fiber type will burn in a specific
way, producing different colored smoke, a particular smell and
leaving its own kind of residue. To match your findings with the
correct fiber compare with the chart below. FIBER Performance at
flame Odor Residue Approach to flame In the flame Withdrawn from
flame SILK Shrinks away Burns slowly Self extinguishing Burning
hair Brittle, swollen, black ash WOOL Shrinks away Burns slowly
Self extinguishing Burning hair Brittle, swollen, black ash COTTON
No effect Burns readily Continues to burn Burning paper Gray
skeletal ash NYLON Shrinks away Burns slowly and melts Often self
extinguishing Celery Sometimes perceptible Hard light colored bead
ACRYLIC Shrinks away Burns slowly and melts Continues to burn and
melt Acrid Brittle black bead POLYPROPYLENE (OLEFIN) LINEN Shrinks
quickly Not Defined Burns and melts Not Defined Burns and melt
Burns Not defined Not Defined Hard, round bead, maybe light brown
Brittle Ashes
4. Acrylicsoluble indimethylform amide. Polyestersolublein
m-cresol. Nylon 6 is soluble indimethylform amide and nylon 66 is
not MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS SILK FIBER Microscopic view of
silk fiber Silk fiber Silk: Raw silk fiber, composed of two
filaments, has elliptical shape under the microscope. The two fine
and lustrous filaments are shown clearly looking like transparent
rods with triangular shape. Wild silk or tussah fiber has different
appearance than the cultivated silk. It is
5. flattened, coarse, thick and broader fiber having fine, wavy
lines all across its surface whereas cultivated silk is narrower
fiber with no marks on it. MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS WOOL
FIBER Microscopic viewof wool Raw wool
6. Wool: Wool fiber has irregular, roughly cylindrical, multi
cellular structure with tapered ends. Under a microscope, three
basic layers are shown- epidermis (outer layer), cortex (middle
layer) and medulla (inner layer). Medulla is seen only in coarse
and medium wool fibers and that too under a highly powerful
microscope. MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS POLYESTER FIBER
7. POLYESTER Polyester: Generally, polyester fiber is smooth,
straight. It looks round cross sectionally. However, with various
finishing processes, its appearance changes in context of texture
and luster. MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS NYLON FIBER
8. Nylon: There are many variants of nylon fiber. However,
generally it appears fine, round, smooth and translucent. Sometimes
it has shiny appearance. If it looks dull, it will also be dotted
under the microscope. MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS ACRYLIC FIBER
Acrylic: It has a bean-shaped cross section its longitudinal
appearance is straight and smooth.
9. MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS POLY PROPYLENE FIBER
10. Polypropylene: When viewed cross sectionals polypropylene
fiber looks somewhat round but it looks straight and smooth when
viewed longitudinally. MICROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF FIBERS COTTON FIBER
Microscopic view of cotton fiber Differentlayers in cotton
fiber
11. Cotton:The cotton fiber is a single elongated cell. Under a
microscope, it looks like flat, spirally twisted ribbon like tube
with rough granular surface. However, mercerized cotton doesn't
have natural twist. The finishing process makes them swollen,
straight, smooth and round with a shining surface. MICROSCOPIC
ANALYSIS OF FIBERS LINEN FIBER
12. Linen:Linen fiber, under a microscope, looks like having
multiple sided cylindrical filaments with fine pointed edges. The
filaments show nodes at intervals. It, in fact, looks like a bamboo
stick having joints that result into a little unevenness.
DISTINGUISHING OF FIBERS FROM ONEANOTHER DISTINGUISHING POLYESTER
FROM OTHER FIBRES: Polyester is soluble in hot Meta cresol; however
unlike acetate it is not soluble in acetone, and unlike nylon it is
not soluble in concentrated formic acid. DISTINGUISHING ACRYLICS
FROM OTHER FIBRES: Acrylic fibers will dissolve in 70 percent
solution of ammonium thiocyanate at 130 degree Celsius but the
other fibers will not. DISTINGUISHING SILK FROM WOOL: The use of
concentrated cold hydrochloric acid will dissolve the silk and the
wool fiber swells. DISTINGUISHING NYLON FROM OTHER FIBRES: If the
fabric is thought to contain nylon, the fabric may be immersed in a
boiling solution of sodium hydroxide. The nylon is insoluble in
such a solution DISTINGUISHING LINEN FROM COTTON:
13. Cotton and linen are immersed in a 1% solution of fuchsine
in alcohol to give red rose color. Later they are washed and
immersed into ammonia, linen retains the red coloration but cotton
does not