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Human Rights in Canadian HistoryBrian PayneAssociate Professor of History, Bridgewater State University
Visiting Fulbright Chair, Center for North American Integration, Carleton UniversityTeaching Canada: A Professional Development Workshop for IBMA Educators Offered by Fairfax County Public Schools and the National Resource Centers on Canada in the USNovember 30, 2016 – Newseum Learning Center, Washington, DC
The Peaceable Kingdom?
Examples in 20th-Century Canadian History The Freedom of Ideology:
Suppression of Radicals Politics Nativism, Jingoism, and State
Power: Japanese-Canadian Internment
Constitutional Rights: The Charter of Rights and Freedom
The Right of Cultural Survival: Indian Residential Schools
Going Beyond “British Liberties”
The Freedom of Ideology:The Suppression of Radicalism in Canada
Major Events Ontario
Queen’s Park “Riot”, 1929 Trial of Eight Communist, 1931
Section 98 Oshawa Strike, 1937
Atlantic Canada Estevan Riot, 1931
West Regina Riot, 1938
Quebec Padlock Law, 1937
Nativism, Jingoism, and State Power:Japanese-Canadian Internment Anti-Asian Ideology
As old and entrenched in Canada as it is in the US
Reid, “I felt in that room the physical presence of evil.”
“Protected Areas” 20,881
Deportation Cooperative Committee on
Japanese Citizens
Constitutional Rights:Charter of Rights and Freedoms Breaking from the Limits of
“British Liberties” 1960 Bill of Rights Constitutional Debate, 1981-82
Key Characteristics General language Protects Canadians from the
State Protects minorities from
Parliamentary majorities Provides list of principal rights
Constitutional Rights:Charter of Rights and Freedom Key Sections
Section 1 “demonstrably justified in a free and democratic society”
Section 15 “every individual is equal” “right to the equal protection and equal benefits of the law without discrimination” “in particular” race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, sex, age or mental or
physical disability Section 33
“notwithstanding” clause
The Right of Cultural Survival:Indian Residential Schools A Quick History of “Indian
Schools” Indian Act of 1876 Mandatory Attendance after
1894 1930
80 Schools across the country 1969 ended partnership with
churches Last school close in 1996
Indian Residential Schools Settlement Agreement (IRSSA), 2007 Common Experience Payment
$1.9 billion in reparations Independent Assessment Process
Out-of-Court mechanism $1.7 billion in aid
Aboriginal Health Foundation $1.25 million for mental and
emotional heath programs Truth and Reconciliation
Commission $60 million for five-year TRC Honouring the Truth: Reconciling for
the Future (2014)
Conclusion:Canada’s Human Rights Progress The Legacy of “British Liberties”
Tory, Elitist, and Deferential Turning-Point
Japanese-Canadian Deportation Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Most Pressing Issue Aboriginal Rights