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Basic gangs and technology presentation
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What do we know?
Young folks can’t remember life without cell phones, CDs or an email address. Many gang members are a part of this generation.
As gangs evolve, they take on more of a business model than they had when they started. This affects the way we should investigate them.
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Focus on issues
from these perspectives
Information
Intelligence
Evidence
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Overview Mobile telephone & text messaging
Traditional instant messaging
Web based sites & text/voice/video messaging
Open source intelligence
Convergence/virtual communication
Evidentiary considerations
Legal considerations
Future vision
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Disclaimer
The technology identified in this presentation may
not be used by all gang members in all locations. It
will be used by a few 1st Gen gangs, many 2nd Gen
gangs, and most 3rd Gen gangs.
None of the information presented herein should
be mistaken for an endorsement of methods,
applications, or techniques used.
Compiled from the listed references by the Gangfighters Network – www.Gangfighters.net
3G23G2Based on the coining and development
of the phrase Third Generation Street Gangs by John P. Sullivan and Dr. Robert Bunker
Flash Mob + Gang activity
= Flash gangbanging
George Knox, NGCRC, June 15, 2011
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flash banging "smash and grab“ create diversion
smash window of
○ jewelry store
○ fur/leather store
take what they can grab
in seconds they are gone
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In the News
Groups of youth using text messaging and social media to gather at specified locations
primarily on Chicago’s South Side
robbers attack people with pepper spray
also been reported in Los Angeles, Philadelphia and Washington D.C.
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May 12, 2004 Dallas Almost 3 dozen people arrested for street fight.
Fight arranged via Internet chat room.
Two gangs arranged time to meet.
Gang members identified and arrested with aid
of digital video.
'Some of them actually signed in with their true
names, so that helped us identify people.'
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April 19, 2011 – Los Angeles Man shot in head after 'Gang inspired' flash mob trash Venice
Beach
Many involved dressed in gang attire and tattoos.
Victim shot in head and side.
Message on Twitter: ‘Venice beach bball ct going up tomorrow.’
LAPD called for reinforcements as crowd, clearly including gang
members, swelled.
Six to eight shots rang out at 6.30pm
Victim ran into alley before collapsing.
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April 2011 - Washington, D.C. 20 youths outside G-Star Raw clothing store
filed in together, brushing past customers
marched directly to shelves of expensive designer jeans and racks of high-end shirts
sorted through selections for their sizes and tucked them under their arms, behaving like customers
suddenly made for exit, before police
suspects stole estimated $20,000 in merchandise
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June 4, 2011 - Chicago Police arrested 7 of the 15-20 suspects
across the street from Northwestern
University on East Chicago Avenue.
One suspect hit male victim with baseball
bat. Several offenders punched and kicked
him.
Right after attack, 2d man robbed by 5-6
nearby.
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Of 129 retailers, primarily national store
chains, 94.5 percent said they were
victimized by organized criminals in the
past year.
84.8 percent said the problem has only
worsened in the past three years.
High percentages aren't entirely due to
flash mob crime, but they are contributing.
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Bureau of Justice Statistics – stalking
Technology (e-mail, IM, GPS & spyware)
used to harass 1 in 4 stalking victims. about 1.2 million victims.
Law enforcement remains under-
equipped..
Victims have mixed feelings about police
response.
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APP: Application Short for ‘application program’.
(Broadly, an app is often a self-contained environment for
performing some well-defined task such as ‘word processing’)
Evidence considerations with Mobile (Wireless) Telephones
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Sprint/Nextel
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Sprint/Nextel
•1 to a group
at once
•all-digital,
secure
•U.S., Canada,
Mexico and
other
countries
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AT&T Wireless (formerly Cingular Wireless)
Up to 2000 contacts can be stored with up to four numbers within each contact.
“VoiceClip,” allows you to record and send a message to up to three people without ringing the telephone
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Verizon Wireless saves a copy of
the names, phone numbers, and email addresses stored in your phone.
view, print, add, delete, and edit your contacts online.
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Apple MobileMe
new email, contacts, and calendar
events over the air to all your devices
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Should we be concerned?
Bulk purchases of cell phones
Sold at a loss to create a market for real profit maker more call time
Middlemen deactivates lock so they can be used on other services
Recent court actions may change, but there is still a degree of anonymity
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boost
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Jump Mobile
no monthly
commitments,
no long-term
contracts,
and no
hidden fees
Evidence considerations with
Mobile (Phone) Text Messaging
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Mobile Phone Text messaging
At the end of 2011, 6 billion mobile subscriptions
Equivalent to 87 percent of the world population
huge increase from 5.4 billion in 2010
○and 4.7 billion in 2009.
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Mobile Phone Text messaging
Text Messaging (aka SMS-Short Message Service) An alphanumeric message sent to
a mobile phone, typed using
○ Your phone keypad
○ Another form of interface (computer)
Allows short text messages to be sent and received on a mobile phone
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Mobile Phone Text Messaging (w/o phone)
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Mobile Phone Text Messaging
Hey! Hey!
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http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/textmessageabbreviations.asp
Web-based technology
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Traditional instant messaging
(chat) AIM
Yahoo
MSN
ICQ
Google Talk
Trillian
Skype
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Web-based Communications Technology
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one billion users by end of summer
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Twitter Is a free website designed to provide the exchange of public
content in the form of 140 characters messages sent from the web interface or from a user’s phone.
Users may have a public or private account, and choose to view the 140 character messages of other Twitter users, which range from businesses (such as Comcast, Whole Foods, etc.) to political figures (BarackObama) to celebrities or popular accounts (Oprah or Britney Spears) to normal people.
Twitter conducts most correspondence via email, so PLEASE INCLUDE A VALID EMAIL ADDRESS so we may contact you. To contact us, email: [email protected]
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Twitbanging A 15-year old member of The New Dons
claims that twitter is useful for coordinating violent activities, and that they often use new lingo that would be difficult for anyone but insiders to understand.
Still, the NYPD has been successful in stopping attacks before they happen by keeping track of the online activities of gang members.
http://help.twitter.com/entries/41949-guidelines-for-law-enforcement
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Mocospace
gangsta-colb
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04/14/2008 Gang threats go high-tech
YouTube.com videos threatening more than two dozen Salinas youths questions about free speech and authorities' responsibility to
protect potential victims.
Modern iteration of way gang members have been threatening each other forever.
We have watched (threats) happen for years ... ever since spray paint and walls were invented," Salinas police Cmdr. Kelly McMillin said.
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YouTube
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YouTube
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YouTube
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Gaming conversations
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Anonymous Proxy Servers
Hide your IP address (think fake or alias ID)
Prevent unauthorized access to your computer
Effectively hide any information about you
Don’t let anyone know that you are surfing through a proxy
Used for Web searching
Web-Mail (MSN Hot Mail, Yahoo mail),
Web-chat rooms,
FTP archives, etc.
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Stealth Surfing (anonymous proxy
servers/software)
Open Source Intelligence
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Profile on a social network site
75% of online adults 18-24
57% of online adults 25-34
30% of online adults 35-44
19% of online 45 to 54 year olds
10% of online 55 to 64 year olds
7% of online adults 65 and older
Portable Technology
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Portable Info/Commo PDA
Personal digital assistants are handheld computers that were originally designed as personal organizers, but became much more versatile over the years. (Wikipedia)
PPC the Pocket PC is "a handheld device that enables users to store and retrieve e-mail,
contacts, appointments, tasks, play multimedia files, games, exchange text messages (Microsoft, according to Wikipedia)
Smartphone a full-featured mobile phone with personal computer like functionality. Most smartphones
are cellphones that support full featured email capabilities with the functionality of a complete personal organizer. (Wikipedia)
iPhone/iPod The iPhone is a multimedia and Internet-enabled quad-band GSM EDGE-supported
mobile phone designed and sold by Apple Inc. The iPhone's functions include those of a camera phone and a multimedia player, in addition to text messaging and visual voicemail. It also offers Internet services including e-mail, web browsing, and local Wi-Fi connectivity. User input is accomplished via a multi-touch screen with virtual keyboard and buttons. (Wikipedia)
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Like a Dumb Terminal . . .
USB/iPod/SD Card used as hard-drive Traceless on host comp
May not remember/know to include in warrant
Major IT security breaches . . .
Web-based data storage May not remember/know to include in
warrant
Major IT security breaches . . .
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www.mojopac.com
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Mini-data storage
iPod/MP3 players
SD data cards
Message typed/recorded/embedded
SIM cards
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Remote monitoring
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Web-based storage
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Private Browsing No pages will be added to the list of sites in the History menu.
Nothing you enter into text boxes on websites or the Search bar and no Cookies will be saved.
No passwords will be automatically filled in during Private Browsing and no new passwords will be saved.
No files you download will remain in the list in the Downloads window after you turn off Private Browsing..
The cache stores temporary files such as web pages, images and other online media. All of the items that get added to the cache will be deleted when you turn off Private Browsing.
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Augmented Reality
live direct or indirect view of a physical
real-world environment whose elements
are augmented by virtual computer-
generated imagery
Convergence/Virtual technology
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Voice Over Internet Protocol
(VoIP) Three main technologies used for mobile VoIP: UMA - The Unlicensed Mobile Access, designed to allow VoIP to run
over the GSM cellular backbone
SIP - The standard used by most VoIP services, and now being implemented on mobile handsets
Skype Protocol and Barablu - a proprietary modified version of Jabber
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(partially) Concealing identity
1. Enter your mobile number
2. Enter your friend's mobile
number
3. Call the local jaxtr number
and talk
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(partially) Concealing identity
Complete IP voice and messaging platform
Services allow calls via mobile, landline, computer or Wi-Fi vice
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Anonymize your phone call
Caller ID displays the number
you want them to see, change
the tone of your voice and
keep a backup
Unblocks blocked and
restricted calls with any cell
phone.
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Google Voice
Call screening - Announce
and screen callers
Listen in - before taking call
Block calls
SMS - Send, receive, store
Place calls - Call US
numbers for free
Taking calls - Answer on
any of your phones
Phone routing - Phones
ring based on who calls
Forwarding phones - Add
phones - decide which ring
Voicemail transcripts -
Read what your voicemail
says
Listen to voicemail - Online
or from your phone
Notifications - Via email or
SMS
Personalize greeting - Vary
greetings by caller
Share voicemail - Forward
or download voicemails
Conference calling - Join
people into a single call
Call record - Record calls
and store them online
Call switch - Switch phones
during a call
Mobile site - View your
inbox from your mobile
GOOG-411 - Check
directory assistance
Manage groups - Set
preferences by group
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Phonebooth.com
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Telephone Number Identification with Caller ID lookups.
You can also click on an area code and it will give you a list of the cities and their exchange numbers.
http://tnid.us/
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Mass-communication
Delivered anywhere within the CONUS.
NO long distance charges
Message can be up to 45 seconds
Delivered to people, voice mail, answering machines
Import existing contact list or manually enter
Status reports and call histories available on line
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Mass-communication
Evidentiary considerations
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Preparation
Plan (equipment, collection material, warrant,
etc.) to collect power source, peripheral
accessories
Document as-is, as able (fungible evidence)
Know who needs to be contacted to probe
further – don’t delay
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Seizing Evidence
First Responder
Training First Responder
Handling
Handheld Device
Evidence
Legal considerations Compiled by the Gangfighters Network
– www.Gangfighters.net
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Legal considerations
Locate/assemble available expertise Include translation (geekspeak-English)
needs (prosecutor/judge/jury)
Coordination with forensics/lab in advance – familiarity
Coordination with prosecutor in advance – familiarity
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i-Warrants
Include “uncommon” technical terms in affidavit.
Describe role of the device/technology in the offense
Justify your need to search off site
Treat contents as evidence AND intelligence
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i-Warrants
If you can logically tie potential evidence to the crime, and can articulate the need in the warrant, you should be able to access more areas where evidence exists. (think passwords, cases, cables, synchronizing)
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5th Circuit's opinion - January
2007 "the permissible scope of a search incident
to a lawful arrest extends to containers
found on an arrestee's person."
A cell phone is an electronic "container," in
that it stores information that may have
great evidentiary value (and that might
easily be destroyed or corrupted).
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Search of cell phones cannot be
justified as search incident to lawful
arrest.
The justification is the need for officer
safety and to preserve evidence...
A text message on a cell phone presents
no danger of physical harm to the
arresting officers or others.
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Searching through information stored on a
cell phone is analogous to a search of a
sealed letter, which requires a warrant.
The search of text messages does not
constitute an inventory search. The purpose of an inventory search is to document
property in an arrested person's possession to
protect property from theft and the police from
lawsuits for lost or stolen property.
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the basic principle still applies:
incident to a person's arrest, a
mobile phone or beeper may be
briefly inspected to see if it
contains evidence relevant to the
charge for which the defendant
has been arrested.
Future vision
Two ways to send money with PayPal Mobile:
By text message:
Text message to 729725 (or PAYPAL) with the amount and the phone number to send it to. For example, to send $10.00 USD to the phone
number 4150001234, text:
Send 10 to 4150001234
By phone call: Call 1-800-4PAYPAL to send money by voice or keypad. You’ll be asked for your PIN to login, and then simply follow the prompts to send money.
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boku No registration.
Get goods faster.
No cards.
Just you and your phone.
No problem.
Safe and secure, always.
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Facebook Credits: The World's First Global Currency?
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Future vision
Application Identity theft
Bank fraud
Money laundering
Drug Trafficking
Technology Wifi/WiMax
Bluetooth & Mobile developments
Anonymous interaction
Steganography
