4. Part-1 Introduction ofHYDRO ELECTRIC POWER PLANT
5. WHAT IS HYDRO POWER?The objective of a hydropower scheme is
to convert thepotential energy of a mass of water, flowing in a
stream withacertain fall to the turbine (termed the "head"), into
electric energy at the lower end of the scheme, where thepowerhouse
is located. The power output from the scheme isproportionalto the
flow and to the head.
6. A SIMPLE OVER VIEW
7. Hydro Electric Power
8. POWER HOUSE PENSTOCKRESEVOIR DAM TURBINE GENERATOR INTAKE
POWER LINE TRANSFORMER
9. GENERAL ARRANGENENTOF HYDROPOWER PROJECTi. General available
topography of the areaii. Available headiii. Available flowiv.
Availability of other type of power station in the vicinityv.
Requirements of power for industriesvi. Political influences of the
areavii.Location of the power houseviii.economy
12. The movement of water can be used to make electricity.
Energy fromwater is created by the force of water moving from a
higher elevationto a lower elevation through a large pipe
(penstock). When the waterreaches the end of the pipe, it hits and
spins a water wheel or turbine.The turbine rotates the connected
shaft, which then turns thegenerator, making electricity.
13. What are Spill ways?A dam failure can have sever effects
downstream of the dam.During the lifetime of a dam different flow
conditions will be experiencedand a dam must be able to safely
accommodate high floods thatcan exceed normal flow conditions in
the river. For this reason,carefully passages are corporated in the
dams as part of structure.These passages are known as
spillways.
14. 2nd ELEMENT:-INTAKE
15. INTAKE:-A water intake must be able to divert the required
amount ofwater in to a power canal or into a penstock without
producinga negative impact on the local environment.
16. 3rd ELEMENT:- PENSTOCK
17. PENSTOCKconveying water from the intake to the power
house.Of concrete in low headsOf steel iis suitable for all
heads
18. Penstock has:Automatic butterfly valve shuts off water flow
if pen stock ruptures.Air valve internal pressure = atm
pressureSurge Tank reducing water hammering in pipes which can
cause damage to pipes. thereby regulating water flow and pressure
inside the penstock.
19. TRASH RACK cleaning machine, which removes debris from
water In order to save water ways and electromechanical equipment
from any damage. Set steel bars on edge to the flow of water and
space about 1 apart A head gate or valve should be installed below
the trash rack to control flow and to allow the turbine to be
inspected and repaired.
20. TRASH RACK
21. 4th ELEMENTTURBINES
22. its function is to convert the K.E of moving water into
mechanical energy The water strikes and turns the large blades of a
turbine, which is attached to a generator above it by way of a
shaft.
23. WICKETS GATEkey component in hydroelectric turbines that
control the flow of water from the input pipes (Penstock) to the
turbine propellers/blades.
24. 5TH ELEMENTGENERATOR
25. BASIC PRINCIPAL Heart of the hydroelectric . The basic
process is to rotate a series of gaint magnets inside coils of
wire. This process moves electrons, which produces electrical
current.
27. Principle As the turbine turns, the excitor sends an
electrical current to the rotor. The rotor is a series of large
electromagnets that spins inside a tightly-wound coil of copper
wire, called the stator. The magnetic field between the coil and
the magnets creates an electric current.
28. 6TH ELEMENT:-TRANSFORMERS
29. transformer Its function is to step up the voltage and pass
it out to the electrical grid or power house
30. 7TH ELEMENTOUTFLOW / TAILRACE:- After passing through the
turbine the water returns to the river trough a short canal called
a tailrace.
31. 8TH ELEMENTPOWER HOUSE:-
32. POWER HOUSE AND EQUIPMENTS:-In the scheme of hydropower the
role of power house is toprotect the electromechanical equipment
that convert thepotential energy of water into
electricity.Following are the equipments of power plant:1.Valve
5.Condensor2.Turbine 6.Protection System3.Generator 7.DC emergency
Supply4.Control System 8.Power and current transformer
33. Head gate Controlling the water flowing into the
channel.
34. PART-3TYPES OF POWER PLANTS
35. Classification of HydelPlants Classification of Hydro
plants based on Hydraulic Characteristics. On the basis of this
characteristics, the hydro plants may be divided into the following
types. Storage plants Run-off river plants Pumped storage plants
Tidal plants
36. LOW MEDIU HIGHHEAD M HEAD HEAD
37. HEAD The head is the vertical distance from the surface of
the water at the dam down to the water in the stream below where
the turbine is located
38. Low He ad S c he me A low head scheme is one which uses
water head of less than 15 m or so. A runoff river plant is
essentially a low head scheme. In this Scheme, a weir or a barrage
is constructed to raise the water level , and the power house is
constructed either in continuation with the barrage or at some
distance downstream of the barrage, where water is taken to the
power house through an intake canal.
39. Medium head hydroelectric power plants Water head is more
than 30 meters but less than 300 meters located in the mountainous
regions where the rivers flows at high heights large reservoir of
water
40. Medium head hydroelectric power plants
41. High head hydroelectric power plants 300 meters and it can
extend even up to 1000 meters most commonly constructed
hydroelectric power plants Water is mainly stored during the rainy
seasons and it can be used throughout the year , thus it can
generate electricity throughout the year very important in the
national grid because they can be adjusted easily to produce the
power as per the required loads. total height of the dam depends
upon a number of factors like quantity of available water, power to
be generated, surrounding areas, natural ecosystem etc.
42. High head hydroelectric power plants
43. High head hydroelectric power plants
44. PART-4ONTHER THREEPOWER PLANT
45. Run-off Rive r Plants Runoff river plants are those which
utilizes the minimum flow in a river having no appreciable pondage
on its upstream side. A weir or a barrage is some times constructed
across a river simply to raise and maintain the water level at a
pre- determined level within narrow limits of fluctuations, either
solely for the power plants or for some other purpose where the
power plant may be incidental. Such a scheme is essentially a low
head scheme and may be suitable only on a perennial
46. Run-off Rive r Plants
47. Pumpe d S torage Plants A pumped storage plant generates
power during peak hours, but during the off-peak hours, water is
pumped back from the tail water pool to the head water pool for
future use. The pumps are run by some secondary power from some
other plants in the system. The plants is thus primarily meant for
assisting an existing thermal plant or some hydel plant.
48. Pumpe d S torage Plants
49. Tidal Plants Tidal plants for generation of hydro electric
power are the recent and modern advancements and essentially works
on the principle that there is a rise in a sea water during high
tide period and a fall during the low tide period. The water rises
and falls during the day. The advantage of this rise and fall is
taken in a tidal plant. In other words the difference between high
and low tide level is utilized to generate power. This is
accomplished by constructing a basin separated from the ocean by a
partition wall and installing turbines in openings through this
wall. Water passes from the ocean to the basin drainage high tides,
and thus running the turbines and generating electric power. During
low tide, the water from the basin run back to the ocean which can
again be utilized to generate electric power for either direction.
Such a plants are useful where the tidal range is high.
50. Tidal Plants
51. Tidal Plants THE RANCE TIDAL POWER PLANT IN FRANCE
52. Tidal Plants
53. PART-5 IN WORLD & INDIAHYDROPOWER PLANTS
54. WORLDS LARGEST HYDRO POWER PLANT THREE GORGES DAM IN
CHINA
55. WORLDS LARGEST HYDRO POWER PLANT CAPACITY-22,500 MW THREE
GORGES DAM
56. Power Generation Scenario In IndiaThermal Power ---
1,00,000MWHydro Power --- 65,000MWNuclear Power --- 10,000MW Other
sources --- 20,000MWTotal Installed Capacity--- 1,95,000MW
57. INDIAS LARGEST HYDRO POWER PLANT TEHRI DAM IN
UTTARAKHAND
58. INDIAS LARGEST HYDRO POWER PLANT CAPACITY-2400 MW TEHRI
DAM
59. IN GUJARAT HYDRO POWER STATION SARDAR SAROVAR DAM
