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The Philosophy of Human Rights
RATIONALE OF HUMAN RIGHTS
“All human beings are equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood…
“ …Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or opinion, national or social origin, property, birth, or other status” (Art. 1 and 2)
--Universal declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations
Scope of Human Rights
• Civil and Political Rights• Social, economic and cultural
rights• Basic rights
Constitutional provisions on Filipino’s rights to
equality
• The congress shall give priority to the enactment of measures that protect and enhance the right of all people to human dignity, reduce social, economic inequalities, remove cultural inequalities by equitably diffusing wealth and political power for the common good (section 1, Article 13)
Origins of the inequality of man
• Hobbes – “a man is wolf to man”• Social darwinist – “ survival of the fittest”• Rousseau – “ labor came as a means for the
realization of man’s perfection”• Marxist concept – “ private property is the
main cause of social inequality”
History of Human RightsFrench Declaration of
Human Rights in 1789
The American Declaration of
Independence 1776
The English Bill of rights
The Habeas Corpus act of 1679
English Petition Rights of 1628
English Magna Carta of 1215
SEXUAL RIGHTS
• Right to sexual freedom• Right to sexual privacy• Right to free and responsible reproductive
choices• Right to sexual information based on scientific
inquiry• Right to comprehensive sexuality education• Right to sexual health care