SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH..

AND REBUILDING OUR NATION

Prepared By : Yahia Mohamed Reda

Benha university

Faculty of science

Chemistry department

Index

Introduction

How to do scientific research?

Scientific ethics

How to make a scientific proposal

Assignment

Why isn’t there any real scientific

research in the Arab world…?!

Clear strategy and policy

Information industry

Coordination (industry VS research)

Fund

Academic freedom

3

1

2

4

5

6

Research process

3 1 2

4 5 6

How to do Research?

1- Ask a Question

2- Perform Background Research

3- Form a Hypothesis

4- Perform an Experiment and Collect Data

5- Analyze Results and Draw Conclusions

6- Report Results

Research Process

Research is an extremely cyclic process.

Step 1: A Question Is Raised

A question occurs to or is posed to the researcher for which that researcher has no answer. This doesn’t mean that someone else doesn’t already have an answer.

The question needs to be converted to an appropriate problem statement like that documented in a research proposal.

Step 2: Suggest Hypotheses

The researcher generates intermediate hypotheses to describe a

solution to the problem.

This is at best a temporary solution since there is as yet no

evidence to support either the acceptance or rejection of these

hypotheses.

Step 3: Literature Review

The available literature is reviewed to determine if there is

already a solution to the problem.

Existing solutions do not always explain new observations.

The existing solution might require some revision or even be

discarded.

Step 4: Experiment and Collect Data

The researcher now begins to gather data relating

to the research problem.

The means of data acquisition will often change

based on the type of the research problem.

This might entail only data gathering, but it could

also require the creation of new measurement

instruments.

Step 5: Data Analysis

The data that were gathered in the previous step are

analyzed as a first step in ascertaining their meaning.

As before, the analysis of the data does not constitute

research.

This is basic number crunching.

Step 6: conclusion

The researcher interprets the newly analyzed data and

suggests a conclusion.

The data will either support the hypotheses or they won’t

I will welcome constructive criticism of my personal scientific

research and

offer the same to my colleagues in a manner that fosters mutual

respect

amid objective scientific debate.

Research Proposal

Research Proposal

The Research Proposal is a complete description of the

intended research, developed under the supervision of

the assigned supervisor

Research proposal structure

1. Project Title

The title should be short but descriptive enough so

that anyone reading it would know what to

expect

2. Introduction

The Introduction supplies sufficient background

information to allow the reader to understand and

evaluate the proposal of your work without needing

to refer to previous publications on the topic

Choose references carefully to provide the most important background information

What is the general technical/application area in which you will be working?

What is the general problem that you are trying to solve, and how did the problem arise?

Why is its solution interesting or worthwhile? What benefits would there be to solving this problem?

What will be the contribution or significance of your research if it is successful?

3.Review of Literature

This will give the reader an idea whether you

have done your “homework” and know enough

about the topic to start with the research project.

The more references you can find that relate to

the given problem statement, the more credibility

it will have

4. Project Description

Problem statement

It is very important that a real-world problem must exists for which there is currently no

effective solution.

b. Project scope

Why are you doing it?

What will the research deliver, for example a model, framework, method, prototype

How do you know the research was successful? What will you use as a measure?

Assumptions – Do you start the research project using any assumptions due to a lack of facts?

C. Project objectives

The project scope statement is broken down into

several project objectives that each relate to the

project scope.(SMART)

If all the objectives have been met then the

research would have been successful

D. Research approach

The approach refers to the research method that you will use

Give a brief summary of what this method entails (the process or steps)and motivate why it is suitable to your research problem?

What equipment or other resources will you need?

E. Project deliverables

What do you aim to deliver at the end of the

project

5. Layout

This section should give a brief outline and short description of the

chapters of the research .

Each chapter should be linked to a research objective.

Suggested layout

Chapter 1 – Introduction (based on the content of this proposal)

Chapter 2 – Background / Overview (summary of literature review)

Chapter 3 – Research methodology (explanation and motivation of research method to be used)

Chapters [n] – The body of the research

Chapter [last chapter – Conclusion (Show how the objectives were achieved)

For each chapter, a brief description should be given to explain the intended content.

6. Project plan

Making a schedule of the principal

activities and events is a good way of

showing the readers that you are taking

a systematic approach to planning your

work

7. Limitations or constraints

Document the limitations that could prevent you

from successfully completing this project

8. List of references / sources

A List of resources and links you will use and why

they will benefit your research.

Each team will provide a proposal for their scientific

research by the next lecture … deadline must be

taken seriously

If you do not hand in your proposal on time you will

be eliminated

Assignment

We believe … We will achieve

Dr.yahia1@yahoo.com

www.facebook.com/yahia.reda