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HOST PLANT INFLUENCES ON SEX PHEROMONES BEHAVIOUR OF PHYTOPHAGOUS INSECTS
SUBMITTED TO SUBMITTED BY
DR. J. SATHYANARAYANA MD. ABDUL MALIK
PROFFESOR RAM/ 16-36
DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY M.SC. I YEAR
CONTENTSTitle
Introduction
Mechanisms of host plant influences on sex pheromones
Pheromone production and release
Larval sequestration of plant chemicals
Adult acquisition of plant compounds
Insect responses to sex pheromone
Reproductive strategy involving host plant and sex pheromones
conclusion
references
Introduction Sex pheromones :
It is a chemical signal emitted by an organism for sexual purposes or that elicits any sexual response in a member of the opposite sex of the same species.
How host plant influences on sex pheromones……?
Influences of host
Pheromone Insect behavioural
signaller responses
Pheromone production and releaseEffect of host plant material on pheromone production
acquisition of bioactive chemicals
Plant released Kairomone stimulate pheromone production in
◦Acting on nervous system
◦Hormonal system
Larval sequestration of plant chemicals
Larvae aquire plant chemical while feeding on host plantoUse it for sexual communication in adult stage
(Hindenlang and Wichman, )
Same studies are carried out and proven correct in case of◦Nymphalid Butterflies
◦Arctiid moths
Insect responses to sex pheromoneHost odour enhances the attraction responses to male pheromones.
In Diptera such effects have been demonstrated in Tephritidae and Drosophilidae.
For example the combination of host fruit odour and male pheromones is more attractive to female papaya fruit flies.
Sex attraction responses of males to female pheromone may also be directly influenced by stimuli from host plant
For example male corn moths are trapped in greater numbers when pheromone trap are placed near silking corn plants
Reproductive strategy involving host plant and sex pheromonesMales of phytophagous insects most likely releases pheromones attractive to females from host plants to optimize sexual encounter rates and mating oppurtunities .
Males of many species focus their mate searching in areas of female activity including host plants where female may oviposit,
Another possible strategy of males calling from plants is the advertising of resources to females .
Host plant influences on female pheromone bhevaiour may be strategy by females to maximize reproduction.
Females of some species uses cues from host plants suitable for oviposition to regulate the reproductive function.
Females postpone sexual attraction until suitable host is available.
conclusion
Sexual communication in a diverse array of phytophagous insects is evidently strongly influenced by host plant chemistry.
Well documented examples are found in several families of Coleoptera,Lepidoptera and Diptera.
The effects of host plants on sex pheromone behaviour are varied and reflect different stratigies in females and males.
Host odour enhancement of sex attraction of great importance in the development of pheromone based lures.
ReferencesLandolt, P.J. and Phillips, T.W. 1997. Host plant influences on sex pheromones behaviour of phytophagus insects. Annual review of Entomology 42: 371-91.