PRESENTATION TOPIC: HARBOUR DOCK

ENGINEERING

GROUP MEMBERS: KASHIF ALI KHAN IZHAR AHMAD SEYED BAKTH JAMAL SHAH

HARBOUR:› SHELTERED AREA› FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING OF CARGO› VESSELS ARE ALSO BUILT, REPAIR, AND

LAUNCH

CLASSIFICATION:

1. NATURAL HARBOUR 2. SEMI NATURAL

HARBOUR 3. ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR

NATURAL HARBOURS: A harbor, is a place

where ships, boats, and barges can seek shelter from stormy weather.

SEMI NATURAL HARBOUR: Same as natural but

harbour needs some artificial and man made construction

ARTIFICIAL HARBOUR: Harbour having no natural

protection but artificial arrangement are made to protect the harbour from storm and wind.

REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD HARBOR:› The depth of a harbor should be sufficient for

every type of visiting ships.› The bottom of harbor should provide secured

anchorage to hold the ships against high winds.› To prevent destructive wave action, break water

are provided.› The entrance of a harbor should be wide

enough to provide the easy passage of ships.

DEFECTS IN HARBOR:› Depth of water is found insufficient for

different ships.› The size of harbor is found insufficient to

accommodate the increased traffic.› Obstruction› These defects can easily be avoided at the

time of planning and designing.

SIZE OF A HARBOUR Size depends upon:

# of ships length:275m-300m width:30m

HARBOUR PLANNING

It should be carried out after collecting necessary information of the existing features at the proposed site.

Following important facts should be studied.

A thorough survey of the neighborhood including the foreshore & depths of water is necessary

Nature of a harbor wether sheltered or not, be studied

The existance of sea insects & various animals residing at site.

Natural phenomena’s concerning planning of a harbour are:

Storms Rainfall Range of tides Maximum & minimum temperatures Direction & intensity of wind etc

SITE SELECTION: Following factors play a

great role in the choice of site of a harbour.

1.Availability of cheap land & contruction material.

2.Natural protection from waves & winds 3.transport & communication facilities 4.industrial development of the locality

5.Sea bed,sub soil & foundation conditions

6.Avaibility of electrical energy 7.Defence & strategic aspects 8.trafic potentiality of harbour

FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION:

1. HARBOR OF REFUGE 2. COMMERCIAL HARBOR 3. FISHRY HARBOR 4. MILLITARY HARBOR OR NAVEL BASE

HARBOR OF REFUGE: The harbor used for

ships in storms or emergency condition.

good anchorage and safe and easy access from the sea.

e.g: DOVER IN ENGLAND

COMMERCIAL HARBOR:Facilities for loading and

unloading of cargo are provided.The may be:

1. Part of bigger complex harbor

2. Independent unit or single commodity harbor.

3. Terminal as oil terminal, coal port.

FISHRY HARBOR:Provided for fishing crafts and trawlers.

MILLITARY HARBOR:This harbor is meant for

accommodating naval crafts and serves as a supply deport.

The layout of this type of harbor is greatly influenced by its location.

FEATURES OF A HARBOR:1. Entrance Channels2. Berthing Basin3. Break Water4. Turning Basin5. Pier Head6. Wharves7. Jetties

ENTRANCE CHANNEL:› Depth and width are kept more at entrance› Width depends upon density of traffic and

no: of entrances

BERTHING AND TURNING BASINS:› Berthing basins are used for the parking of

ships› While turning for the turning of ships

BREAK WATER:› The structure constructed to protect harbor

from storm waves› They are generally stone masonry

PIER HEAD:› The structure provided at the tip of break

water› Such as light house

WHARVES:› The structure constructed parallel to the

shore or break water, having wide plate form at the top

› Function is to permit berthing of vessel along side for cargo working

JETTIES:› Same as wharves› Used for loading and unloading of cargo› Made usually from shore towards sea

water to prevent silting and dredging to allow free flow of tidal currents

DOCK:› A dock is dug out and usually has gates so

that the water level is kept up even though the tide has gone out.

› A dock is for mooring ships for cargo or passenger exchange, or sometimes repair.

HARBOR:›  A harbour may be natural or partly dug

out, or even made with floating materials. It doesn't have gates, but may have a narrow entrance.

›  Provides safe anchoring or mooring for ships

PORTS:› A port is a location on a coast or shore

containing one or more harbors where ships can dock and transfer people or cargo to or from land.

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