+

Comparisons between IPV

and HBV

Joanne Payton, Cardiff

University, IKWRO, HBVA

Agnation

Collectivity &

‘Honour’

+‘Honour’-based violence?

Questions: Is there an empirical

basis for considering

‘honour’ crimes as a

distinct subcategory of

violence against

women?

Is the difference

between IPV and HBV

important or useful?

HBV

Agnation

Collectivity‘Honour’

+Agnation

In a study in Turkey (Sır

2005):

37% say that an

adulterous woman

should be killed

60% say that family

members are

responsible for

policing female

relatives

“If I were married…the

girl whom I married

would be my honour.

My sister is my honour

too, so are my

relatives, the daughter

of my aunt and the

daughter of my uncle

are also my honour” Young male, Turkey

+ CollectivityGhazala Khan was shot and killed by her brother in Denmark. Nine of her

relatives were sentenced for playing a part in the conspiracy to murder.

+ ‘Honour’Women’s ‘honour’ relates to the conformity to social norms around sexual

behaviour and marriage

+Casefile analysis

‘Honour’ Not ‘honour’

Individual 6 – husband or partner 12 - husband or partner

3 - agnatic relative

Collective 3 – partner-centred collectives

7 - partner-centred collectives

9 - agnatic or bilateral collectives

40 casefiles taken from IKWRO – Arabic and Soraani Kurdish

speakers• 20 labelled HBV/HK (by caseworker)

• 20 labelled DV/IPV (by caseworker)

Distribution

+Individual violence

Husband/partner

IPV

12

Husband/partner

HBV

6

Agnate

HBV

3

21 cases

+

‘Honour’ abuse as a

form of IPVAbusive partners can use the threat of

‘dishonour’ as a form of psychological

abuse

Khalida, who was studying in the

UK, became involved with an abusive

and controlling boyfriend. When she

ended the relationship he retaliated by

showing photographs of her in

compromising positions to her brother.

Although deeply shocked, the brother

attacked the boyfriend rather than

taking any reprisal against his sister;

while Khalida’s father visited her in the

UK and expressed his disappointment

and disapproval, she did not feel in any

danger from him or other relatives, and

eventually returned to her country of

origin without incident.

+Collective violence

Husband/partner centred

IPV

7

Husband/partner centred

HBV

3

Agnatic/bilateral

HBV

9

19 cases

+

Dangers of collective

violenceCollective perpetration adds risk

through collaboration effects

Hana’s husband attempted to kill her and

was arrested, prosecuted and sentenced

for this crime. Her brothers stated an

intention to stage a jail-break, and when

this fell through, they joined with several

of her husband’s relatives pursuing her

and her four children across several

countries with the intention of performing

an ‘honour’ killing.

Faryal had been separated from a

wealthy and well-connected abuser for

over eight years, yet over this time he

maintained a regime of stalking and

death threats against her. Faryal had

been injured in a hit and run incident a

year previously; she recognised the car

as belonging to an associate of her

husband.

+Assessing risk

Collectivity

Scope

Agnation

Duration

‘Honour’

Intensity

+

Cardiff University

Co-founder, Honour-Based

Violence Awareness Network

www.hbv-awareness.com

Information and Research

Officer, Iranian and Kurdish

Women’s Rights Organisation

www.ikwro.org.uk

www.stophonourkillings.com

joanne.payton@gmail.com

paytonjl@cf.ac.uk

joannepayton.me.uk/wp

07892 679472