HOLLYWOOD

Mariam & Shahrain

HOW WAS THE NAME HOLLYWOOD DERIVED?According to the diary of H.J Whitely, known as the "Father of Hollywood", on his honeymoon in 1886 he stood at the top of the hill looking out over the valley. Along came a Chinese man in a wagon carrying wood. The man got out of the wagon and bowed. The Chinese man was asked what he was doing and replied, "I holly-wood", meaning 'hauling wood.' HJ Whitley had an epiphany and decided to name his new town Hollywood.

HISTORY OF HOLLYWOODThe origin of movies and motion pictures began in the late 1800’s, with the invention of “motion toys” designed to trick the eye into seeing an illusion of motion from a display of still frames in quick succession, such as the thaumatrope and the zoetrope. In 1872, Edward Muybridge created the first true “motion picture” by placing twelve cameras on a racetrack and rigging the cameras to capture shots in quick sequence as a horse crossed in front of their lenses.The first film for motion photography was invented in 1885 by George Eastman and William H. Walker, which contributed to the advance of motion photography. Shortly thereafter, the brothers Auguste and Louis Lumpier created a hand-cranked machine called the cinematographer, which could both capture pictures and project still frames in quick succession.The 1900’s were a time of great advancement for film and motion picture technology. Exploration into editing, backdrops, and visual flow motivated aspiring filmmakers to push into new creative territory. One of the earliest and most famous movies created during this time was The Great Train Robbery, created in 1903 by Edwin S. Porter.

INDUSTRIESHollywood was the birthplace of movie studio, which were of great importance to America’s public image in the movie industry. The earliest and most affluent film companies were Warner Brothers Pictures, Paramount, RKO, Metro Goldwin Meyer, and 20th Century Fox, each of whom owned their own film production sets and studios. Universal, United, and Columbia Pictures were also considered noteworthy, despite not owning their own theaters, while Disney, Monogram, and Republic were considered third-tier.

INVENTIONS AND ADVANCMENT OF THE CAMERAEarly movie cameras were fastened to the head of their tripod with only simple levelling devices provided. These cameras were thus effectively fixed during the course of the shot, and hence the first camera movements were the result of mounting a camera on a moving vehicle. The Lumière brothers shot a scene from the back of a train in 1896.The first rotating camera for taking panning shots was built by Robert W. Paul in 1897, on the occasion of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. He used his camera to shoot the procession in one shot. His device had the camera mounted on a vertical axis that could be rotated by a worm gear driven by turning a crank handle, and Paul put it on general sale the next year. Shots taken using such a ”panning” head were also referred to as ‘panoramas’ in the film catalogues of the first decade of the cinema.Georges Mêlées built one of the first film studios in May 1897. It had a glass roof and three glass walls constructed after the model of large studios for still photography, and it was fitted with thin cotton cloths that could be stretched below the roof to diffuse the direct rays of the sun on sunny days. Beginning in 1896, Méliès would go on to produce, direct, and distribute over 500 short films. The majority of these films were short, one-shot films completed in one take. Méliès drew many comparisons between film and the stage, which was apparent in his work. He realized that film afforded him the ability (via his use of time lapse photography) to "produce visual spectacles not achievable in the theater.

FILM EDITINGThe first films to consist of more than one shot appeared toward the end of the 19th century, a notable example was the French film of the life of Jesus Christ. These weren't represented as a continuous film, the separate scenes were interspersed with lantern slides, a lecture, and live choral numbers, to increase the running time of the spectacle to about 90 minutes. Another example of this is the reproductions of scenes from the Greco-Turkish war, made by Georges Méliès in 1897. Although each scene was sold separately, they were shown one after the other by the exhibitors. Even Méliès'Cendrillon (Cinderella) of 1898 contained no action moving from one shot to the next one. To understand what was going on in the film the audience had to know their stories beforehand, or be told them by a presenter.

FILM EDITINGThe first films to consist of more than one shot appeared toward the end of the 19th century, a notable example was the French film of the life of Jesus Christ. These weren't represented as a continuous film, the separate scenes were interspersed with lantern slides, a lecture, and live choral numbers, to increase the running time of the spectacle to about 90 minutes. Another example of this is the reproductions of scenes from the Greco-Turkish war, made by Georges Mêlées in 1897. Although each scene was sold separately, they were shown one after the other by the exhibitors. Even Méliès'Cendrillon (Cinderella) of 1898 contained no action moving from one shot to the next one. To understand what was going on in the film the audience had to know their stories beforehand, or be told them by a presenter.

ACHIEVEMENT IN HOLLYWOODIn 1915 William Fox starts the Fox Film Foundation with studios built in New Jersey and Hollywood.

Hollywood made an independent film studio by help of Charlie chaplain in 1919Mickey Mouse debuted in the first synchronized sound cartoon “Steamboat Willie” by the Disney

Brothers Production Company. The cartoon was drawn and filmed in their garage in Los Feliz in 1928. In 1953 The first Academy Awards television by NBC. Hollywood purchased the universal studios after

Marylyn Monroe's suicide. “Titanic” becomes the most expensive film ever made at 200 million dollars and receives 14 Oscar Nominations and 11 wins. In 2006 Walt Disney Co. buys Pixar for $7.4 billion, making the former CEO of Pixar and the current CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs, the largest shareholder at

Disney.

BACK IN THE DAYS

ACTORS BACK THEN

MOVIES TODAY

ACTORS TODAY

REFERENCES

-WIKIPEDIA-GOOGLE