Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery

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Unit 115: Produce woodworking joints

Select and Use Hand Tools:Holding Devices & Marking Tools

2.2 2.3 3.1 3.2

Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery

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ObjectivesTo be able to

2.2 Identify the holding devices used to support work

2.3 List common faults with woodworking hand tools

3.1 State the importance of using working drawings and setting out rods

3.2 Identify marking out tools

Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery

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Holding Devices: tools that grip items or hold them together

Bench ViceFor most workpiece holding applications

Sash CrampFor glue-ups

G ClampApplies enormous amounts of pressure

Bench HookUser-made solution for cross-cutting.

Held in vice

F ClampOne of the “quick” speed-clamping solutions

Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery

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Bruising PiecesWhenever we use clamps for holding timber, we also use waste pieces of timber between the clamp and work piece:

1. To distribute pressure; and

2. To prevent the clamp from bruising (denting) the work piece face.

Bruising piece

Work piece

Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery

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Marking Out Tools: tools for setting out rods and marking out from rods

Sliding BevelFor finding and marking angles other than 90º

CompassesFor drawing / marking arcs and circles

T Squareand Set SquareFor drawing horizontal and vertical lines on rods

TrammelFor drawing / marking LARGE radius arcs and circles

DividersFor marking off equal distances

Try SquareFor marking perpendicular (90° ) to the edge and for “truing”: checking for square

Marking GaugeFor marking lines parallel to the work piece edge

Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery

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Common Faults with Hand ToolsIf tools are not properly maintained, safety and quality workmanship will not be possible.

Common faults include:

• Bluntness

• Loose/missing parts

• Split handles

• Damaged/broken

Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery

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Checking for Fault in Marking Tools

Tape measure Check against a steel rule that you know to be accurate

Squares Mark a line perpendicular to a factory edge; reverse the square and mark a second line. Check that both lines are parallel

Gauges Ensure the spurs are sharp and straight (if it is a mortise gauge, then both spurs also need to be the same height)

Pencils Must be sharp and correct grade (2H or more)

Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery

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Working Drawings and Setting Out Rods

• ‘Setting out’ refers to drawing up full size drawings (rods) to help the machinists and joiners with the cutting, machining, jointing, moulding and fitting of a product such as a door or window

• In addition to the drawn item, the rod must also show item name and client, date, name of person producing the rod, scale, product sizes, timber sizes.

• Paper rods are convenient because of their ease in handling and storage. They are less accurate in use because paper is susceptible to dimension changes (from humidity, folding and creasing). In industry, rods are usually produced on thin boards which are painted white to improve the clarity of the drawing.

Level 1 Diploma in Carpentry and Joinery

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Importance of Working Drawings

Working drawings and setting out rods are essential to quality workmanship. They ensure:

Accuracy Work piece checked against rod, for size

Consistency Same sizes, time after time

Efficiency Less measuring: mark from the rod