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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank the entire HMT limited who has provided me this six weeks training. I am thankful to the HRD officer of training Centre who organized my training schedule and also the DGM’s and AGM’s of various shop departments who have provided me the various knowledge about their respective shops.
I also thanks to the workers of their respective departments, who were always ready to clarify our doubts and helped us to increase our knowledge by illustrating us to the finer points.
I wish to express my deep gratitude to all the concerned persons, whose co-operation and co-ordination have given me the success to complete my training in organization.
I hope that my report will reflect our technical knowledge and innovativeness, which we gained at HMT Ajmer.
1
Abstract
Hindustan Machine Tools is the major industry of the modem era because of its wide
application in automobile, aerodynamic sector etc. For the manufacturing of machine
tools highly equipped and modern machinery are develop in 21st century like CNC’s,
which have been illustrated in the project report. The process of making a grinding
machine generally requires study of materials and its behavior in presence of heat, a
overview of material used in making a grinding machine is given. In the steps for
manufacturing a class first grinding machine the important aspects is reading the
drawing and carry out the corresponding operation to get the desired grinding
machine, in the report a job piece 305 E outer is analyzed with its cycle time and
many such calculations are carried out
Last but not the least, rather the most prominent think being the quality control aspect
on industry and this enable an individual or organization to keep a check over the
manufacturing material this aspect have been discussed in the culmination chapter.
Contents
2
List of Figures 9
List of Tables 10
Chapter 1 Introduction 11
1.1 Background History of HMT 11
1.2 Company Profile 12
1.2.1 Technology Base 12
1.2.2 Factory Layout 12
1.2.3 Marketing Standing 13
1.2.4 Productivity and Quality 13
1.2.5 HMT Corporate Mission 13
1.2.6 Product and Service 14
1.2.7 Unit Business 15
1.2.8 Others Services Offered 16
1.2.9 Participation to IMTEX 16
1.2.10 Outsourcing/Subcontracting 17
1.2.11 Welfare and Entertainment Activities 17
1.3 Award Won By HMT 17
1.4 Major Costumers of HMT 18
1.5 Hierarchy in the Organization 18
1.6 HMT Machine Tools Limited Marketing Network 20
1.7 Technology Development on Grinding Machine 21
1.8 Major Achievements in Last Five Years 21
1.9 Different Department in HMT Ajmer 23
1.10 Machine Tool Ajmer at a Glance 26
1.11 Current Scenario 27
1.12 Location of HMT Ajmer 27
1.13 Marketing of HMT 28
Chapter 2 Details of Different Department of HMT Ajmer 33
2.1 Manufacturing Department 33
2.1.1 Medium Machine Shop 33
2.1.2 Round Section 37
2.1.3 Tool Room 39
2.1.4 Tractor Hydraulic 40
3
2.1.5 Heavy Duty Machine Shop 44
2.2 Assembly Department 47
2.3 Heat Treatment 60
2.4 Metrology Department 63
2.5 Maintenance Department 65
2.6 Foundry Department 69
Chapter 3 HMT Corporate Profile 76
3.1 Safety Measures 76
3.2 Future Vision 77
3.3 HMT Corporate Vision 78
3.4 HMT Corporate Mission 78
3.5 HMT Corporate Objectives and Goals 78
3.6 Conclusion 79
List of Figures
1.1 Diagrammatic Representation of Hierarchy in the Organization 19
1.2 Machine Tools and Marketing of HMT 20
2.1 Knee Type Milling Machine FN2 35
2.2 Knee Type Milling Machine FN3 36
2.3 CNC Trainmaster Machining Center VMC 200T PC 37
2.4 Crank Shaft Grinder 49
2.5 Hydraulic Cylindrical Grinder 51
2.6 Double Surface Grinder 54
2.7 Function of GCL 56
2.8 Internal Cylindrical Grinding Machine 58
2.9 Induction Furnace Melting Process of Cast Iron 73
2.10 Column 74
2.11 Bed 74
2.12 Clutch Ring 74
2.13 Clutch Cylinder 74
2.14 Production Flow Chart 75
3.1 HMT Corporate Vision 78
4
List of Tables
1.1 HMT Centers with their date of establishment 15
1.2 Plan for 2012-2013 22
1.3 MTA at a glance 27
2.1 Main Data of Knee Type Milling Machine 35
2.2 Main Data of CNC Turing Lathe Pushkar 160 43
2.3 Main Data of CNC Internal Grinding Machine GI 100 44
2.4 Main Data of CNC Plano Milling Machine 45
2.5 Main Data of VMC 800 M 46
2.6 Main Data of HMC 760 47
2.7 Main Data of KTM 47
2.8 Main Data of CNC Double Disc Grinder 53
2.9 Main Data of Center Less Grinder 57
2.10 Main Data of CGM 58
2.11 Main Data of Internal Grinder 59
CHAPTER 1
5
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND HISTORY OF HMT
1. When India achieved independence in 1947, there was hardly any industrial
base in the country.
2. Right from the prior H.M.T. has played an important role in providing the
much needed industrial base as well as a launching pad for the growth &
development of the country.
3. HMT was conceived by the Government of India in 1949, and was
incorporated in 1953, with the objective of producing a limited range of
machine tools, required for building an industrial edifice for the country.
4. HMT Limited was established in 1953 in technical collaboration with M/s
Orleikon of Switzerland.
5. Over the years, new products have been added to its manufacturing range.
6. It has technical collaboration with over 30 leading International Engineering
Companies for manufacture of various products HMT’s diversified product
range includes Machine Tools, Watches, Tractors, Printing Machine Press, Di-
Casting and Plastic Injection, Mounding Machines, Food Processing
Machinery, CNC Systems, Bal Screws etc.
7. This Unit was established as Machine Tool Corporation of India limited in
January 1964 keeping in view the Government Policy of differing new
industries in under developed areas of the country and achieving self-reliance
in production of Grinding Machine Tools which were imported.
8. This Unit was started 1970-71 with a production of Rs. 8.64 Lack faces with
difficulty in procurement of quality Machine Tool Casings a captive Foundry
Plant was installed in 193 with a capital of about Rs.2 Crore. This Unit was
subsequently merged with HMT Ltd. On 1st April 1975 as sixth Machine Tool
Plant with this merger; the Unit got backup support of HMT. The basic plant
was established with the collaboration of the Czechoslovakian firms, M/s
Skoda Export, Praha and German firmWMW, then in East Germany.
9. Today, HMT is a Multi-Product, Multi Technology Engineering Complex
with strengths comprising of:
10. 16 Manufacturing Units / 22 Product Division
6
11. Assets Worth over US$ 250 Million
12. ISO-9000 accreditation
13. The widest range of machine tools, ranging from General- Purpose lathes to
CNC turning machine centers.
14. Source of qualified and experienced Manpower.
1.2 COMPANY PROFILE
1.2.1 Technological base
1. Unit has Machine Shops well equipped with 186 nos. precision machines,
such as CNC Machining Centers, CNC Lathes, Jig Boring, Honing, Super
finishing Machines & different types & sizes of Grinding, Planning, and
Milling & Lathes.
2. Apart from these, Unit is also having Measuring Centre, Material Testing
Laboratory, CAD Centre and Foundry. The Unit has highly skilled and
dedicated work force of 380 employees (101 Officers and 278 Workers).
3. The Unit has qualified and experienced Design & Engineering Personnel to
fulfil requirement of Business Operations to the entire satisfaction of
customers.
1.2.2 Factory layout
1. Unit has two workshop Buildings-Building 1-1 Houses assembly, Painting,
heavy Parts, and High technology Centre and test floor.
2. Building1-2 houses small parts, medium parts, tool room and special
accessories, tool crib, tractor hydraulics, heat treatment shop and plant
maintenance departments.
3. Annex houses civil maintenance, vendor development and sub- contracts,
electrical generation or distribution and conservation.
4. Stores building houses central stores, material planning and training Centre.
5. Pattern shop Building houses pattern shop and machine shop of training
Centre.
6. Foundry shed houses mounding, machining, sand-plant, core making, knock
out, short lasting areas.
7
1.2.3 Market standing
1. The unit pioneered manufacturing technology for grinding machine in India,
which was a milestone for country’s journey towards self-reliance.
2. Unit has positioned itself as “Centre of excellence for Grinding Solution”.
3. It caters to requirement of sun rising user sectors like Automobile, Auto
Ancillaries, Tractors, Bearings.
4. It also caters to requirement of General Engineering, Defense & Power
Sectors.
5. Reliability and precision are hallmark to have a fleet of 7500 machines
working in every corner of country & abroad.
1.2.4 Productivity and quality
1. Great emphasis is given on Productivity and Quality in HMT. The unit has
achieved substantial progress in implementation of productivity improvement
activities i.e. KAIZEN, ISO-9000, Total Customer Satisfaction, TQM, Multi-
trade training, Good House Keeping through 5-S, Waste Elimination, Small
Group Activities etc.
2. Unit was the first to receive the ISO-9000 Certification in Rajasthan and
second in HMT Units, on 24.2.1994. The unit has the distinction of getting
“National Productivity Award” (instituted by National Productivity Council if
India), in Machine Tool Category for the year 1986-87 from the Hon’ble
President of India.
1.2.5 HMT corporate mission
1. To establish ourselves as one of the Worlds companies in the engineering field
having strong international competitiveness.
2. To achieve market leadership in India through ensuring customer satisfaction
by supplying internationally competitive products and services.
3. To achieve sustained growth in the earnings of the group on behalf of
shareholders.
4. To produce and market engineering goods and services of world class
excellence for satisfying the aspiration of the stake holders through total
performance leadership, consistent with the national socio-economic needs
and priorities.
8
1.2.6. Unit business
1. Manufacture of Machine Tools
2. Wide range of CNC conventional, General Purpose & Special purpose
Grinding Machines (Cylindrical, Centre less, Internal, Crank Shaft, Duplex,
Horizontal & Vertical, and Tool & Cutter). The product strategy is mainly
focused on Auto & Auto-ancillary, Engineering and Defence segments.
1. Unit’s product CNC Double Disc Grinder displayed in IMTEX 1998 at New
Delhi was conferred upon CMTI Trust Award for the best innovative design of
the year.
2. CNC Turning Center’s.
3. CNC Training Machine (Lathe & Machining Centre).
4. Other machines like Super Finishing, Knife Edge Grinding, Gap Grinding, Cot
Grinding, Coil Winding, Needle Sharpening, Rotary Table Vertical Surface
Grinding, etc.
5. Reconditioning/CNC Retrofitting of Machine Tools.
6. Job Orders/Customer Component Manufacture
7. Hydraulic Groups for Defense.
8. Unit got National Award for excellence in indigenization of Defense Stores in
the category of Mechanical Engineering for the year 1993-94. This award was
for development and supply of Hydraulic Unit for T-72 Tank. Hydraulic
9. Lifts for Tractors.
10. High Precision Components/ operations on job work basis for Automobile
Industry and BHEL.
11. Jigs & Fixtures.
12. Wyping Cylinders for Bank Note Press.
13. Supply of Castings.
14. Unit has bagged an order worth Rs.5 crore for supply of Flange Connectors to
M/s.Bhava Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai.
9
1.2.7. Others services offered
1. Manufactures of hydraulic groups for defense, hydraulic assembly for
tractors.
2. Manufactures of high precision and critical items and assemblies.
3. Manufactures of jigs and fixtures and tooling for various machinery.
4. Supply of casting.
5. Reconditioning and retrofitting of old machines.
6. Chemical, mechanical and meteorological tests.
7. Checking and calibration of instruments and machines.
8. Training to outsiders /students/customers.
1.2.8 Participation to IMTEX
1. Unit has been participating in every IMTEX with innovative products.
2. Unit’s product CNC Double Disc Grinder displayed in IMTEX 1998 at New
Delhi was conferred upon CMTI Trust Award for the best innovative design of
the year.
3. Unit is developing 6 Axes CNC Centre less Grinding Machine, Model GCL-
140 TG-CNC/610x305(6A) for display in IMTEX 2007.
1.2.9 Outsourcing/Subcontracting
1. To win over the problems caused by continuous reduction in manpower,
increase in overhead expenditure and fierce market competition due to
globalization of economy, the Unit has been strategizing for in-house
manufacture of only critical components and offloading sheet metal fabricated
parts, B & C class fully machined parts, special accessories group assemblies,
fettling of castings, scraping, making of packing cases, etc. to subcontractors.
2. In the process 14 subcontractors locally and 15 outside Ajmer have been
developed.
1.2.10 Welfare & Entertainment Activities
1. There are voluntary organizations like HMT Council of Sports & Cultural
Affairs, HMT Senior Club, HMT Ladies Club, HMT Employees Cooperative
Credit & thrifts Society, etc.
10
2. Through these organizations, various activities are undertaken for the welfare
and entertainment of the employees.
1.3 AWARD WON BY HMT
1. National Productivity Award, in Machine Tools Category for the year 1986-
87.
2. National Award for R & D efforts in Mechanical Engineering Sector in 1990.
3. ISO-9001 Certification on 24th February, 1994. HMT Ajmer was the first Unit
to receive this Certification in Rajasthan and second in HMT Units.
4. National Award for excellence in indigenization of Defense Stores in the
category of Mechanical Engineering for the year 1993-94. This Award was for
development & supply of Hydraulic Unit for T-72 Tank.
1.4 MAJOR COSTUMERS OF HMT
1. Automobile sectors
2. Bajaj Auto, Ashok Leyland, Hero Honda, Maruti, Mahindra & Mahindra.
3. Bearing industries
4. Timken India, SKF Bearing, NEI, KCI Bearing, HMT Bearing.
5. Defense
6. Ordnance Factory Ambernath, Khamaria, Ambajari, Katni, Kanpur,V.F.&
GCF Jabalpur, Nuclear Fuel Complex (NFC), H.V.F. Avadi, A.H.Q, Base
Repair Depot (BRD), HAL, Army Base Workshops (ABW).
7. Railways
8. ICF (Chennai), C & W (Amritsar), DMW (Patiala), C & W (Jagadhari), DLW
(Varanasi).
9. Others
10. Educational Sector (Egg. Colleges, Polytechnics, ITI’s etc.)
11. Power Sector (BHEL, NTPC, State Electricity Boards etc.)
12. Refractory Industries (TATA Refractory, Bharat Refractory etc.)
13. Tool Rooms and Training Centers.
11
1.5 HIERARCHY IN THE ORGANIZATION
1. The organizational hierarchy of HMT MTL Ajmer is based on functions.
General Manager leading the unit, assisted by the General Manager, Directly
controls in different department.
2. The organization hierarchy consists of seven management levels in all. They
are listed below in descending order:
3. General Manager
4. Joint General Manager
5. Deputy General Manager Assistant
6. General Manager
7. Managers
8. Deputy Managers
9. Foremen
12
Fig. no. (1.1) Diagrammatic Representation of Hierarchy in the Organization
1.6 TECHONOLOGY DEVELOPMENT ON GRINDING MACHINE
13
GM
Joint GeneralManager
Deputy General Manager
Assistant GeneralManager
Manager
Deputy Manager
Foremen
1. 3 axes CNC Cam Shaft Grinding Machine with Siemens 840D CNC System.
2. 4 axes syringe Needle Grinding Machine with automatic loading & unloading.
3. 2 axes CNC wheel head mounted rotary diamond profile dresser.
4. Heavy Duty CNC Cylindrical Grinding Machine with swing dia. 840 mm and
job weight 2000 kg.
5. Heavy Duty Internal Grinding Machine for bore dia up to 600 mm & length
300 mm.
6. Automatic CNC machines for engine valve.
7. Grinding line for inner tube and piston rod of shock absorbers.
8. Oblique dresser for OD and face grinding simultaneously.
9. Machine for grinding axle of heavy vehicles.
10. MTA was earlier making conventional grinding machines.
11. Business was going down as trend was shifting towards CNC machines.
12. 1996 onwards we started focusing within house efforts on development of
CNC versions of all products to cope up with the emerging trend and market
demand.
13. Subsequently high value CNC machines and SPM grinders became priority
area.
14. In last five years we developed no. of such products which increased our turn
over with simultaneous decreasing manpower.
1.7 MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS IN LAST FIVE YEARS
1. Development of 8 axes CNC CRANK SHAFT JOURNAL AND PIN
GRINDING MACHINE as Import Substitution.
2. CNC Centre less grinding machine for grinding bearing race dia. upto 300 mm
as import substitution.
3. CNC Heavy Duty Vertical spindle reciprocating table surface grinding
machine for grinding locomotive equalizer beams to M/s.CLW, Chittaranjan.
4. CNC Heavy Duty Cylindrical grinding machine with 3000kg weight capacity,
swing 840mm & ABC 3000mm. Highest value order executed in history of
MTA as import substitution at a price of Rs.330 lakhs for BHEL Hardwar.
5. CNC Heavy Duty Internal Grinding machine model GI400 (SPM) for grinding
carbide bush ID up to 400mm with diamond grinding wheel for M/S Flow
Serve, Chennai.
14
1.8 DIFFERENT DEPARTMENT IN HMT AJMER
1. Human Resource Department: - Headed by Joint General Manager (HRM) this
department is setup with an aim of conservation and proper utilization of human
resources and is also responsible for maintaining the cordial relations between
employees and management. The other important functions of this department are
performance appraisal and different welfare activities for the employee.
2. Manufacturing and Assembly Department: - Headed by JGM
(manufacturing). HMT Ajmer’s manufacturing environment is highly
advanced; this department also looks after utilizing only the latest production
techniques in all phases of manufacturing maintenance. This assembly of
machine is done stages, much as sub assembly. Group assembly and final
assembly of individual components. There subassemblies after inspection pass
on group assembly, which consists of head stock assembly, saddle, gearbox,
tail stock assemblies etc. this group then reaches to the final assembly to be
fitted on the bed. Electrical are also inter faced and the machine is ready for
final testing and printing of plant and equipment.
3. Service & Inspection Department: - Headed by DGM. This department is
responsible for inspection & Servicing of the M/C’s. This department is
concerned with the inspection of various components and machines being
manufactured. The inspection is carried out in various stages, beginning from
the inspection of individual components at different stages of manufacturing
followed by the inspection of the whole machine while included final runs etc.
Inspection of incoming material is also handled.
4. Materials Department: - Headed by JGM. It is responsible for all kinds of
purchases made by unit. This department also maintains a Central store and
looks after appropriate levels.
5. Planning Department:- Headed by JGM(EQ). The main functions of the
planning department are as under: -
1. Time calculations for each operation. Job card booking of workers in
shifts.
15
2. To prepare monthly progress reports for the production activities carried
out in shop.
3. To calculate manpower and machines available, accordingly new
machines are ordered and component.
4. Counting of products and components.
5. Prepare machines and sectional layouts
6. Design Department: - Headed by JGM. Its functions are: -
1. Design & development of products.
2. Vendor development for new items.
3. Drawing of component, group assembly, special assembly etc. along
with master part list (BOM) for machines.
4. Deciding the type of material required for each component grade such
as casting alloy etc.
5. Testing & trials of machines.
6. Marketing of special purpose machine.
7. Foundry Department: - Headed by JGM Foundry. This department is
administratively under HMT Ajmer, but functionally under executive director.
8. Finance Department: - Headed by AGM Finance. The functions of this
department include maintenance of all accounts of the Company. The balance
sheet is finally prepared which is sent to the head office for the preparation of
combined balance sheet. The costing section of this dept. is responsible for the
computing of each product of that the selling price may be determined
accordingly.
9. Sales Department: - It is headed by JGM (Sales). This dept. is divided into 3
sections viz. Sales, Spares and Reconditioning. These functions of sales
sections are the execution of sales order and to bid for contracts through
tenders. The function of service section is to provide after sales & also looks
after customer’s complaints and supply of spares.
16
10. Security Department: - This is headed by Junior Security officer. Main
function of this dept. is preventions of theft, sabotage and maintenance of
industrial security within the HMT compound including Township.
11. Quality Assurance Department: - Dy. General Manager heads this
department. This department also looks after the feedback received from
marketing division so as to make improvement accordingly.
1.9 LOCATION OF HMT AJMER
1. The H.M.T. Ajmer is situated near Ajmer Dairy 6 Km. from Ajmer City of
Ajmer-Beawar Road.
2. Its foundation stone was laid on December 16, 1966 and production was
started in 1970.
3. It produced various types of Grinding Machine, Lathe Machines of various
sizes.
4. The product of H.M.T., however could not orient the local market towards
them due to tough competition but they have nicely attached the foreign
market.
5. The H.M.T. were highly appreciated by Foreign Experts in many industries
trade fair organized in India and Abroad.
1.10 MARKETING OF HMT
1. H.M.T. has a type marketing network throughout the country.
2. While each business group has a central marketing division, each factor has
also a unit Sales Department.
3. SALES AND SERVICE CENTES
1. Agra, Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhilai, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Bombay,
Calcutta, Chandigarh, Coimbatore, Cochin, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Indore,
Jabalpur, Jaipur, Kanpur, Kernel, Luckhnow, Madras, Mohali, Nagpur, New
Delhi, Patna, Puna, Ranchi, Srinagar, Tumkur.
HMT INTERNATIONAL LIMITED
1. Head Office Bangalore
2. Overseas Branches Australia, Kenya, USA
3. Overseas Offices Algeria, Indonesia, Nigeria. Malaysia
17
AJMER UNIT- PRODUCT
1. Cylindrical & Universal Grinder.
2. Internal Grinder.
3. Tool & Cutter Grinder.
4. Crank Shaft Grinder.
5. Roll Chamber Grinder.
6. Vertical Surface Grinder.
7. Duplex Surface Grinder.
8. CNC Trainer Lathe T-70 & VMC 200T
9. LENS Grinding & Polishing Machine.
10. Centre less Grinding Machine.
11. Knife edge Grinding Machine.
12. Hydraulic Cylindrical Grinder K-130
18
CHAPTER 2
DETAILS OF DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS OF HMT
AJMER
2.1 MANUFACTURING DEPARTMENT
1. In all the factories, manufacturing department is main department, because
here products or different parts of machine are prepared.
2. H.M.T. Ajmer also has a manufacturing department which is divided in the
following sections.
1. Mfg. H.P. (Manufacturing Heavy Parts)
2. Mfg. S.P. (Manufacturing Small Parts)
1. In manufacturing H.P. heavy parts of an m/c like machine bed, gear box main
body etc. are manufactured.
2. In manufacturing S.P. different small components and parts of an m/c like
shaft, spindle, gear, bushes, screw etc. are manufactured.
Following sections comes in the manufacturing department.
1. Medium Machine Shop (MMS).
2. Round Section (RS).
3. Tool Room (TR).
4. Tractor Hydraulic (TH).
5. Heavy Duty Machine Shop (HDMS).
2.1.1 Medium machine shop
1. In this shop small parts of grinding machine like bush, spindle, shaft, pulley
etc. are prepared.
2. Following types of machines are used to manufacture that part:-
3. Centre lathe.
4. Knee type milling machine.
5. Cylindrical grinding machine.
6. Drilling machine.
7. Boring machine.
8. CNC Trainmaster Machining Center VMC 200T PC.
19
9. Pushkar 160.
KNEE TYPE MILLING MACHINE
1. Production milling machine.
2. Wide range of speeds and feeds.
3. Longitudinal automatic programmed cycle.
4. Rapid traverse to minimize idle time.
5. Separate motors for spindle and feed drives.
6. Centralized push button controls for ease of operation.
7. Main spindle runs on precision taper roller bearings.
8. Streamlined construction, rugged and vibration free.
9. 7.5/5l5 kW Motor for heavy stock removal.
10. Power operated feeds and rapid traverses in all directions.
11. Independent main drive and feed drive motors.
12. Wide range of spindle speeds and feeds.
13. High rate of rapid traverses.
14. Light fingertip push button controls.
15. Inching push button for speed and feed drive.
Horizontal Universal Vertical
Table Size (Length &
Width) (mm)
1070x230 1070x230 1070x230
Longitudinal
Traverse
(mm)
560 560 560
Cross Traverse (mm) 275 275 275
Vertical Traverse
(mm)
375 300 375
Main Motor (kw) 2.2 2.2 2.2
Table no. (2.1) Main Data of Knee Type Milling Machine
20
Fig. no. (2.1) Knee Type Milling Machine FN2/FN3
CNC Trainmaster Machining Center VMC 200T PC
1. An economical and user friendly PC based system to meet Training
requirements of all Training Centre, Technical and Educational Institutions in
CNC machine tools operation & programming.
2. Provides a comprehensive range of CNC functions for both Vertical and
Horizontal modes of operation, with a CRT monitor and many more advanced
features.
3. PC based CNC system.
4. Compact table top model, most ideal for training institutes.
5. Step less DC drive with RPM and load indication for spindle.
6. Hardened and ground spindle runs in Precision antifriction bearings.
7. Economical CNC system best suited to educational institutions.
8. Recirculating Ball screw and Nut arrangement for all axis.
9. Machine lamp.
21
2.1.2 Round section
1. Here small rounded components are manufacture.
2. Following m/c are used to manufacture the round parts.
3. Capstan Lathe.
4. Drum Turret Lathe.
5. Turret Lathe.
6. Centre Lathe.
7. Drilling m/c.
8. Radial Drilling m/c.
9. Centre less Grinding m/c.
10. Cylindrical Grinding m/c.
11. BUA31 Grinding m/c.
12. Circular Dividing m/c.
13. Linear Dividing m/c.
14. K-130 Grinding m/c.
15. Horizontal Milling m/c.
16. Vertical Milling m/c.
17. Slotler m/c.
Centre Lathe LB 17
1. Manufactured by Chamundi Machine Tools Limited.
2. Versatile lathe equally adaptable to precision tools room work and high speed
production turning.
3. Direct multiple V belt drive to spindle ensures smooth torsional vibration.
4. Free high turning speeds.
5. Five inter.
6. Changeable tool holders with quic.
7. Change tool post, interlocked feed levers, full overload.
8. Protection foot brake and many other feature facilitates fatigue.
9. Free, easy operation of the machine.
22
MAIN DATA
Centre height mm 170
Distance between centers mm 700 or 1000
Spindle no’s/bore mm American type L 1/42
Main motor KW 7.5
Pre-selector turret lathe L 22
1. Pre selection of speeds and feeds
2. Precision indexing of turret head with solid 'V clamp locking
3. Single lever for unclamping turret and withdrawing indexing pin extra sturdy
to take overload stresses
4. Drop worm mechanism avoids overloading-hardened guide ways.
MAIN DATA
Centre Height mm 237
Spindle nose/bore mm A2-6/65
Bore in turret mm 54
Main motor KW 9.3
2.1.3 Tool room
1. In HMT special jigs and fixtures are made in order to reduce the production
time.
2. These jigs and fixtures are made in tool room.
3. Initially, tools were made in tool room but to expensiveness now it is
purchased.
4. Now, parts, which are required to be highly super finished accurate are
prepared in tool room.
For this purpose following machines are used in tool room :-
1. GEI (external & internal grinding machine).
2. SHM (super honing machine).
3. SGM (surface grinding machine).
4. RAD (radial arm drilling machine).
GEI (external & internal grinding machine)
1. Used for external and internal grinding.
23
SHM (super honing machine)
1. Used for super finishing and accurate work.
2. Consumers less time.
3. Electrically operated.
4. Desired diameter can be operated.
5. Job is manually hold.
SGM (surface grinding machine)
1. Used for surface grinding.
2. Hydraulic operated.
3. Electromagnetic table is used for clamping job.
RAD (radial arm drilling machine)
1. Used for drilling holes.
2. Electrically operated.
3. Nine different speeds can be obtained.
4. Different attachment can be made.
JIGS & FIXTURES
1. The requirements of mass production and interchangeable assembly in
industry, demand that the components be machined to identical form & size.
2. For this purpose, devices known as jigs & fixtures are used for holding,
locating the work & guiding the tools while machining.
3. The use of jigs and fixtures makes possible rapid as well as accurate
manufacturing at the same time, reducing the production cost.
4. A jig is a device, which holds and supports the work and also guides the path
of the cutting tool, as the operation is performed.
5. Jigs are used extensively for operations such as drilling, reaming, tapping and
counter-boring.
6. The jig need not be secured to the machine.
7. A fixture is a device which locates and holds the work securely in a definite
position.
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2.1.4 Tractor hydraulic
1. It is a part of manufacturing department where hydraulic lifting system of
tractor is manufactured.
2. Hydraulic lifting system is used in tractor or lifting.
3. Hydraulic lifting system is a system which is used to lift the weight (Trolleys
& Ploughs) by using the pressurized hydraulic oil.
The important components of the system are as follows :-
1. Housing.
2. Distributor.
3. Cylinder piston & connecting rod.
4. Main shaft.
5. Torsion shaft.
6. Lever with cam.
7. I. C. & O. C. levers.
8. Draft tube etc.
1. Hydraulic lifting system is assembled with 20 parts.
DISTRIBUTOR
1. It is the heart of hydraulic lift system as it controls fluid flow direction.
2. It consists of integrated lines and also consists with I. C., O. C. and D. V.
Bush.
3. It has one inlet out let opening.
4. It received pressurized oil form pump and send it to the cylinder by U-
connection.
WORKING OF TRACTOR HYDRAULIC LIFTING SYSTEM
1. When pressurized oil enters cylinder it displace the piston in forward direction
piston connected to the lever with connecting rod.
2. So when piston moves in forward direction leaver rotate.
3. Leaver connected to the main shaft by splint system so it rotate the main shaft.
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HYDRAULIC LIFT TESTING
1. Hydraulic lift testing is done by hydraulic lift testing machine.
There is some standard parameter tested on testing machine which
are as follows :-
Setting parameter
1. Pressure – 120 kg s/cm2
2. Discharge – 20 Lt. /min.
Testing parameter
1. Lifting time – 2 - 2.25 sec. at 20 Lt/min.
2. Lifting position 80 from top lift position.
3. Lifting and down movement – Should be jerk free, regular, no dropping
sinking.
PROBLEMS
1. Not lifting the weight.
2. Not coming down.
3. Sinking.
4. Jerking.
Following machines are used in tractor hydraulic section :-
1. CNC turning lathe (PUSHKAR 160).
2. CNC internal grinding (GI 100).
3. Universal milling machine.
4. Horizontal milling machine.
5. Vertical milling machine.
6. Centre lathe.
CNC TURNING LATHE (PUSHKAR 160)
1. These machines yield excellent results in high speed turning and material
removing processes.
2. The multi tool holding turret and variable and self-adjusting spindle (RPM)
gives superior surface finish.
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3. Also tool post is mounted on a slant carriage (30 degree with vertical) to make
easy way for tapers and clearances.
Max. Turning Diameter 250 mm
Max. Turning Length 350 mm
Spindle Power 12kw (7.5kw)
Full Power Speed Range 880 – 3500 rpm
Position Accuracy
X – axis
Z – axis0.008 / 100 mm
0.015 / 300 mm
Repeatability +/-0.003 mm
Table no. (2.2) Main Data of CNC Turning Lathe Pushkar 160
CNC INTERNAL GRINDING (GI 100)
1. Head stock with 6500 rpm with belt drive and 10,000 rpm with integral
spindle for high speed machining.
2. Touch probe for automatic tool offset.
3. Built in live center for tail stock.
4. Rear chip conveyor.
5. Programmable tail stock.
6. Various types of working and holding devices.
Min. Grinding Bore Diameter 10 mm
Max. Grinding Bore Diameter 100 mm
Max. Grinding Bore Length 100 mm
Size Tolerance 1 to 6
Table no. (2.3) Main Data of CNC Internal Grinding Machine GI 100
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2.1.5 Heavy duty machine shop
HDMS is a part of manufacturing department where heavy parts of machine are
manufactured like machine bed, machine body, wheel head, work head, gear
box body etc.
Following machines are used to manufacture heavy parts of machine in HDMS :
Planer machine.
1. Boring machine.
2. Radial Drilling machine.
3. Ram type CNC Plano Milling machine.
4. Universal Milling machine.
5. Plano Milling machine.
6. VMC 800 M.
7. HMC 760.
8. KTM 760
9. Cylindrical Grinding machine.
RAM TYPE CNC PLANO MILLING MACHINE
Work table 2000 x 5000 mm
X-axis travel longitudinal 5200 mm
Y-axis travel cross 4200 mm
Z-axis travel vertical 1100 mm
Min. dis. b/w spindle face & table 400 mm
Max. dis. b/w spindle face & table 1350 mm
Max. Load on table 10000 kg
Rapid X & Y axes 7000 mm per min.
Rapid Z-axis 5000 mm per min.
Feed X, Y & Z axes 5-400 mm per min.
Spindle tapper BT-50
T-slot (100 mm pitch) 28 H7 (1 No.)
28 H12 (10 No.)
Spindle speed range vertical head 30-3000 rpm
Spindle speed range spl. Angle head 30-1000 rpm
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Max. power vertical head 28 kw
Max. Power spl. Angle head 15 kw
Positioning accuracy X & Y axes +/-0.012 mm
Positioning accuracy Z-axis +/-0.011300 mm
Repeat accuracy X & Y axes +/-0.008 mm
Repeat accuracy z-axis +/-0.005 mm
Loading height 300 mm
Table no. (2.4) Main Data of CNC Plano Milling Machine
ESSENTIAL EQUIPMENT (STANDARD FEATURES)
1. Auto centralized lubrication.
2. Hydraulic power pack with chiller unit.
3. Coolant equipment.
4. Machine light.
5. Special angular milling head.
6. Isolation transformer.
7. Electric cabinet with panel AC.
8. Chip conveyor with trolley.
9. CNC system model (SIEMENS 840D with PCU50).
10. Manual plus generator.
11. Rapid tapping facility.
12. Spindle cooling.
13. Coolant through spindle.
14. Pendant control station.
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VMC 800M (VERTICAL MACHINING CENTRE)
Made by HMT
Pallet size 860 x 860 mm
X-axis travel 760 mm
Y-axis travel 500 mm
z-axis travel 450 mm
No. of tools stations 30
Positioning accuracy 0.005 mm
Repeatability +/-0.003 mm
Operations name Turning, milling, drill & boring etc.
Table length 800 mm
CNC system SIEMENS
Table no. (2.5) Main Data of VMC 800 M
HMC 760 (HORIZONTAL MACHINE CENTRE)
Made by HMT
Pallet size 760 x 760 mm
X-axis travel 1300 mm
Y-axis travel 1000 mm
Z-axis travel 1000 mm
B-axis travel 360 degree
No. of tools stations 40
Positioning accuracy 0.010 mm
Repeatability +/-0.003 mm
CNC system SIEMENS
Table length 760 mm
Operations name Turning, milling, drill & boring etc.
Table no. (2.6) Main Data of HMC 760
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KTM 760 (KERNIAR TRAKER MARVEY)
Made by KTM England
Pallet size 760 x 760 mm
X-axis travel 1300 mm
Y-axis travel 1000 mm
z-axis travel 1000 mm
B-axis travel 360 degree
No. of tools stations 40
Positioning accuracy 0.01 mm
Repeatability +/-0.003 mm
Operations name Turning, milling, drill & boring etc.
Table length 760 mm
CNC system SIEMENS
Table no. (2. 7) Main Data of KTM
2.2 ASSEMBLY DEPARTMENT
1. It is a part of industries where whole parts of machine are assembled and final
product is prepared.
Grinding Machines:
1. CNC Double Disc Grinding Machine -GDS-15/22
2. CNC Grinding Center -GCS-175/225
3. CNC Center Less Grinding Machine -GCL-60/100/140/200
4. CNC Cylindrical Grinding Machine -CGM-125/150/175/22
5. CNC Surface Grinding Machine -PSG- 200
6. CNC Internal Grinding Machine -IG-100/150
7. Universal Tool and Cutter Grinder - GTC 28 TM
Turning Centers:
1. CNC Turning Center -STC 25/Pushkar 200
2. CNC Train Master Lathe -T 70 PC/100CNC
3. CNC Train Master Machining Center -VMC 200 TPC
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CRANK SHAFT GRINDER (GCS- 500)
Fig. no. (2.4) Crank Shaft Grinder
Technical description of machine
1. Swing diameter -540 mm
2. Distance between centers -1800 mm
3. Max eccentricity of crank pins -130 mm
4. Max weight of crank shaft that may be loaded -120 kg.
5. Distance between chucks -1600 mm
6. Grinding wheel (dia X width X bore) -900x32x305mm
7. Max width of grinding wheel -50 mm
8. Min width of grinding wheel -25
9. Speed of wheel spindle -650, 780 rpm
10. Speed of work spindle -32,48,68,96 rpm
11. Length of table per one revolution -16 mm
12. Weight of machine with standard accessories -7000 kg
Standard Accessories
1. Grinding wheel
2. Grinding wheel clamping flange
3. Puller of grinding wheel flange
4. Balancing arbor
5. Change pulley to be used.
6. Dial indicator for grinding wheel
7. Wheel dressing device (without diamond)
8. Two jaw marrow rest
9. Stand for rough setting of crank pins
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10. Measuring plate for table and bed
HYDRAULIC CYLINDRICAL GRINDER (K–130)
Fig. no. (2.5) Hydraulic Cylindrical Grinder
Technical description of machine
1. Height of centers -130 mm
2. Swing over tables -250 mm
3. Max. grinding length -340 mm
4. Distance between centers -340 mm
5. With external tail stock -590 mm
6. Max. collet diameter -30 mm
Wheel
1. Grinding wheel : Max. & Min. dia. -340 & 240 mm
2. Std. & Max. width -40 & 50 mm
3. Speeds -1910 & 2120 rpm
4. Rapid approach -45 mm
5. Manual movement -40 mm
6. Automatic in feed at reversals -60 towards work-head
-45 towards tail stock
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Table
1. Max. travel -310 mm
2. Min. travel (automatic) -2 mm
3. Max swivel on either side -10
4. Speed infinitely variable -0.05 to 6 m/min
5. Dwell of reversal -0 to 0 sec.
General
1. Motor wheel head -4 kw
Oil pump -1.1kw
Coolant pump -0.25 kW
Work head -0.37 / 0.75 kW
2. Net weight (approx.) -1900 kg.
3. Shipping dimensions -2.18 x 1.6 x 1.34 m
Salient features
1. It available in universal, production and plunge grinding models.
2. Variable table traverse with automatic infeed at table reversals the universal
models are equipped with swiveling wheel head an built in provision for
internal grinding 8 speed work head a single lever during production runs,
controls table traverse work rotation, coolant flow and rapid approach of
wheel head.
3. The production and plunge cut models are higher powered for high rates of
stock removal with devices for batch production with infinite limits of
tolerance.
4. Larger capacity coolant tank and hydraulic aggregate are separate from the
m/c, minimizing the thermal effects on the structure.
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Working principle of the hydraulic system
1. The pressurized oil is delivered by pump at a service pressure of 12 kg./cm2
and is governed by a high pressure relief value. Which is set by us before the
machine leaves our works.
2. From the high pressure relief value the oil is taken to the distribution pipes in
the m/c where the oil divides and the pressurized oil passes through
appropriate control values to hydraulically operated tail-stock.
3. The circuit oil returns line pressure is also utilized for lubricating the table and
wheel head guide ways. A pressure gauge is provided on the hydraulic power
pack to indicate the pressure in the system.
CNC Double Disc Grinding Machine – GDS–15/22
1. This machine performs the tasks of grinding the flat faces of components that
are parallel and flat.
2. It’s an ideal system for plants requiring mass production at high rate of
production.
3. Machines up to 4-axes CNC controls.
4. User- friendly grinding cycle by customized screen.
5. Preloaded antifriction guide ways for precise positioning and accuracy.
6. Super precision anti friction bearings for grinding spindles.
7. Direct driven ball screws with AC digital servo motor for linear axis.
8. Input resolution 0.0001 mm.
Model GW size Power
CNC GDS-15 455/500 mm 11/15 kw
CNC GDS-22 585/660/760 mm 18.5/22/37 kw
Table no. (2.8) Main Data of CNC Double Disc Grinder
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Special executions
1. Variable speed drivers for grinding wheels suitable for different areas on
opposite surfaces.
2. Machine can be equipped with rotary feeder, rotary magnetic plate through
feeder, reciprocating feeder, swivel arm feeder, oscillating feeder as per the
requirement.
3. Diamond wheels.
4. Post process gauge.
5. Wheel positioner for grinding wheel.
Fig. no. (2.6) CNC Double Surface Grinder
CNC Grinding Center (GC 175/225)
1. This machine is a state of the art grinding solution for multipurpose grinding
with single chucking.
2. It is capable of delivering ground finish to the job’s internal, external and flat
surfaces.
3. The machine has been designed to provide optimum grinding performance at
lowest operating cost.
4. Lower cost with faster through put, reduced part handling and in process
inventory.
5. Ideal for flexible production
6. User friendly grinding cycle by customized screen.
7. Significant reduction of non-productive time due to single loading unloading
cycle.
8. Higher quality due to onetime clamping
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9. Preloaded anti friction guide ways for precise positioning and accuracy of in
feed slide.
10. Ultra precision GAMET taper roller bearing for work head to ensure
circularity of 0.001 mm.
11. Auto dressing of all the wheels by single dresser.
Specifications
1. Center height 175/225 mm
2. A B C 250/450/750 mm
3. G W power 5.5/7.5/11kw
4. Cutting speed 45/60 m/s
5. Work spindle 10-1000 rpm
6. Rapid traverse 15 m/min
7. Input resolution 0.0001mm
Special executions
1. H F internal grinding spindles.
2. MARPOSS inprocess gauging
3. Dynamic wheel balancer.
4. Air gap and crash controller
5. Linker scale for axes.
Center Less Grinding Machine (GCL CNC)
1. This machine specially designed for grinding of cylindrical rods with accuracy
of the order of 0.001 mm.
2. The main feature is the non-requirement of holding the job between two
centers.
3. The job is held between periphery of two cylinders with cylinder supporting
the job and the other one grinding its surface.
4. Thus a lot of time is earned by deleting the need of clamping and centering of
individual job pieces, as the loading/ unloading is also automatic.
5. Machine up to 8-axes CNC controls.
6. User friendly grinding cycle by customized screen.
7. Anti-friction as well as hydrodynamic bearing for GW spindle.
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11. Cantilever spindle as well as twin grip spindle for various wheel sizes.
12. Preloaded anti-friction guide ways for precise positioning.
13. Dynamic wheel balancer.
Model GW size Power (kw) Job dia (mm)
GCL60 350*100 mm 7.5 1.5-60
GCL100 500*200 mm 22 3-100(140)
GCL140FGH 500*250 mm 22(30) 3-140
GCL 140 TG 610*305 mm 22(30) 3-140(225)
GCL 200 TG 610*500 mm 37 10-200(250)
Table no. (2.9) Main Data of Centre Less Grinder
Special Executions
1. Fully automatic loading and unloading system/ transfer line
2. Oblique dresser for OD and grinding simultaneously.
3. Diamond roller form dresser
4. Machine for grinding rear axle of heavy vehicles.
5. Motorized long bar grinding up to 6000 mm.
CYLINDRICAL GRINDING MACHINE (CGM CNC)
1. This machine solve the need of high precision cylindrical grinding and proves
useful for medium to large scale production centers.
2. The machine is centered type with variants designed accordingly.
3. Also an important function of the machine is angular head grinding general
and defense engineering.
4. Machines up to 6-axes CNC controls.
5. User friendly grinding cycle by customized screen.
6. Anti-friction as well as hydrodynamic bearing for GQ spindles.
7. Direct driven ball screws with AC digital servo motor for linear axis.
8. Input resolution 0.0001 mm
Center Height 125/150/175/225 mm
Admit between centers 300/500/800 mm
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GW size 400/500/630 mm
Power 5.5/7.5/11 kw
Table No. (2.10) Main Data of CGM
Special executions
1. 3-axes CNC Camshaft grinder with SINUMERIK 840d CNC system.
2. 4-axes / 6-axes CNC Crankshaft journal machine with complete automatic
cycle.
3. 4-axes Syringe Needle Grinding machine.
4. Grinding of hard chrome plated component.
Internal Cylindrical Grinding Machine ( 1G-100/150)
39
Fig. no. (2.8) Internal Cylindrical Grinding Machine
Fig. IG -100 grinding machine
1. Providing high cutting speeds up to 60 m/sec, it completely solves the need of
grinding o tapered bores of bushes, gears, con rods etc.
2. Preloaded anti friction needle roller guide ways for both the axes.
3. Word head roller spindle is supported on precision GAMET taper roller
bearing for high running accuracies and rigidly.
4. Infinitely variable speed for the work head.
5. Hydraulically operated swing type grinding wheel dresser.
Bore Grinding Range 4-150 mm
Max. Grinding Depth 150 mm
Max. Swing In Chuck 350 mm
Input Resolution 0.0001 mm
Max Cutting Speed 60 m/sec
Work Spindle Speed 10-1000 rpm
Table no. (2.11) Main Data of Internal Grinder
2.3 HEAT TREATMENT
1. Heat treatment may be defined as an operation of heating of metals in the solid
state to induce certain desired properties into them. It is generally employed :-
2. To improve machinability.
40
3. To refine grain size.
4. To relieve the stress of the metal induced during cold or hot working.
5. To improve electric & magnetic properties.
6. To increase resistance to wear, heat & corrosion.
7. To produce a hard surface on a ductile interior.
HARDENING OR TOUGHENING OPERATION
PROCEDURE:-
1. Study the drawing and process sheet and take work instruction whenever
required from supervision.
2. Set the temperature of furnace as per requirement of the component vise.
3. Ensure the components are dry.
4. Ensure the components are properly wired as per work instruction.
5. Ensure that \the component is preheated as per component vise.
6. Component should be put slowly in salt bath furnace and ensure that the
component are not touching electrode of the furnace.
7. Ensure proper quenching media and temp as per component.
8. Do not put component in water from quenching bath directly.
9. Check first piece for hardness, distortion and soft porting before carrying out
bath.
STABLISING OPERTION
PROCEDURE:-
1. Wire the component as per instruction.
2. Use bucket/fixture as per requirement of component.
3. Load the component in the furnace taking care that they do not strike with
furnace.
4. Ensure that the components are fully dipped in oil.
5. Set the temp between 130 to 170 deg. C and put ‘on’ the furnace.
6. Hold on temp for 4-6 hours depending on the section of component.
STRESS RELIEVING OPERTION
PROCEDURE:-
1. Ensure that the temp of furnace <200 deg. C
41
2. Load the component taking care that they do not strike each other as well as
furnace refectory and heating elements.
Set the temperature of furnace as given below :-
1. Steel 550-560 deg. C
2. Grey Iron 540-564 deg. C
3. SG Iron 565-600 deg. C
4. All Copper Base Casting 250-330 deg. C
5. Put ‘ON’ the furnace
3. Soak for one hour plus one hour for every additional 25mm cross section at
temp.
4. Put ‘OFF’ heating and cool in furnace.
5. Remove Component.
NITRIDING OPERATION
PROCEDURE:-
1. Preparation for nit riding :-
1. De greases the component by cleaning the surface with thinner.
2. Etching:-
3. Prepare 10% HCL solution in water dip the component in solution for 15 to 20
min clean the component thoroughly with running water wipe off water by
clean cloth. Hang to the fixture.
4. Loading:-
5. Loading the fixture along with tool piece in nitrating furnace tighten the lid of
furnace to make leak proof checking the leakage with PH paper.
6. Nit riding :-
7. Allow ammonia gas to flow in line after 156 min. Switch on the furnace and
set the temp to 510+5 deg. c maintain the % of ammonia dissociation to 25-
30%.
8. Switch off the furnace after 72 hours. Remain charge then temp comes to 100-
120 degree centigrade
ANNEALING OPERTION
PROCEDURE:-
42
1. Ensure that the furnace temp < 200 deg. C.
2. Load the component taking care that they do not strike with each other as well
as furnace refectory and heating elements.
3. Set the furnace temp as given- for steel having carbon % up to 0.8.
4. Put ‘ON’ the furnace
5. Soak for one hour plus one hour for every additional 25mm.cross section at
temp.
6. Put ‘OFF’ heating and cool in furnace.
7. Remove Component.
BLACKENING OPERATION
PROCEDURE:-
1. Degrease the component.
2. Ensure that the components are rust/paint free.
3. Prepare blacking batch
1. Water =50% by weight
2. Black = 15 salt 48% by weight
3. Black D= 2% by weight
4. PRECAUTION: - Always add salt to water and not water to salt while
pouring bath.
4. Heat liquid to boiling.
5. Hang component free from all of the pot and each other.
6. Check for blackening result it components are getting iron and water.
7. Remove the components.
8. Oil the components.
2.4 METROLOGY DEPARTMENT
1. One of the most important part of production process is measuring and
inspection.
2. All the components produced on machines are impacted after each step using
sophisticated techniques of measurement.
3. The accuracy is maintained at the level of microns.
4. To keep up such level of quality control metrology section becomes quite
important part of the unit.
43
5. It consists of very sophisticated and accurate machine that can measure at the
level of one micrometer and even less.
6. The temperature of measuring and standards room is set constant used in this
section are:-
CO-ORDINATE MESURING MACHINE
Make : Carl/is Lena company Germany.
Range of measurement : 100mm * 200 mm.
Least count : 1 micron.
System : Optical.
Applications : measuring threads profiles, taper indexing.
UNIVERSAL MESURING MACHINE (MUL 1000)
Make : Sockets Genevieve (Swiss).
Range of measurement : 100 mm.
Least count : 0.5 micron.
System : Optical.
Applications : measuring data of internal and external
Threads length of precision components.
TOOL MAKERS MICROSCOPE
The working of this machine is like that of universal measuring machine
except that:-
Least count : 10 microns.
System : mechanical.
ROUNDNESS TESTING MACHINE (FORMTESTER MMR4)
The machine consists of a very accurate round table and a senor printer
attached that gives a quantitative idea about the machines plot profile of the
cylindrical.
Least count : 10 microns.
System : mechanical.
Applications : to check the roundness cylindrical grinding.
SURFACE ROUGHNESS TESTING MACHINE (PERTHOMETER)
Make : Perthen Germany.
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Least count : 0.5 micron.
System : Pneumatic & CNC.
1. An important feature of above two machines is that the macro errors on the
surface can be filtered automatically.
2. Along with these highly technical accurate machines some other simple best
equally important machines and apparatus are also used in the metrology for
example:-
1. Dial gauges (make mistook Japan).
2. Slip gauges (set M 112).
3. Height gauges (make mistook Japan).
4. Surface plates cast iron and graphite.
2.5 MAINTENANCE DEPARTMENT
1. It is a part of industry that provides lubrication and coolant to the machine
components and maintains all machines of industry.
2. The maintenance of machine is following three types
3. Break Down Maintenance
4. Preventive Maintenance
5. Reconditioning Maintenance
Break Down Maintenance
1. Break down maintenance is done when the machine stop suddenly due to
sudden breakdown during the operation.
2. In this type of maintenance only those parts are replaced which during the
operation.
3. This type of maintenance takes less time.
Preventive Maintenance
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1. This type of maintenance is done to prevent the machine from breakdown
maintenance.
2. In this maintenance every machine is tested and repaired after a fixed period
either it faults or not.
3. Lubrication of machine is done at every part.
Reconditioning Maintenance
1. Only old machines are taken in field of reconditioning complete machine is
dissembled and different faults are repaired.
2. The old parts are changed by new parts and those parts.
3. This can be repaired by some operations they are repaired on the machines and
then fixed at right place.
4. Lubrication of machine is also done.
5. After all these process machine is assembled and tested.
Important of Maintenance
1. To maintain the accuracy of machine
2. To prevent the danger which come in account by sudden breakdown of any
parts
3. For the safety of operator.
4. To maintain the efficiency of machine
5. To keep running the machine continuously without only broke- down etc.
2.6 FOUNDARY DEPARTMENT
1. In foundry department castings of different parts of grinding machine like bed,
body, work head & wheel head are prepared by using mounding box, pattern
& mounding materials.
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FOUNDRY TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
1. There are large number of tools and equipment used in foundry shop for
carrying out different operations such as sand preparation, molding, melting,
pouring and casting.
2. They can be broadly classified as hand tools, sand conditioning tool, flasks,
power operated equipment’s, metal melting equipment and fettling and
finishing equipment.
3. Different kinds of hand tools are used by molder in mold making operations.
4. Sand conditioning tools are basically used for preparing the various types of
molding sands and core sand.
5. Flasks are commonly used for preparing sand molds and keeping molten metal
and also for handling the same from place to place.
6. Power operated equipment’s are used for mechanizing processes in foundries.
7. They include various types of molding machines, power riddles, sand mixers
and conveyors, grinders etc.
8. Metal melting equipment includes various types of melting furnaces such as
cupola, pit furnace, crucible furnaces etc.
9. Fettling and finishing equipment’s are also used in foundry work for cleaning
and finishing the casting.
10. General tools and equipment are used in foundry are discussed as under.
HAND TOOLS USED IN FOUNDRY DEPARTMENT
1. The hand tools used in foundry department are given below:-
2. Hand riddle.
3. Shovel.
4. Rammers (Hand, Peen, Floor & Pneumatic Rammers.).
5. Sprue pin.
6. Strike off bar.
7. Mallet.
8. Draw spike.
9. Vent rod.
10. Lifters.
11. Trowels.
47
12. Slicks.
13. Smoothers.
14. Swab.
15. Spirit level.
16. Gate cutter.
17. Gaggers.
18. Spray-gun.
19. Nails & wire pieces.
20. Bellows.
21. Clamps, cotters & wedges.
FLASKS
1. The common flasks are also called as containers which are used in foundry
department as mold boxes, crucibles and ladles.
MOULDING BOXES
1. Mounding boxes are used in sand mauling following two types:-
2. Open mounding boxes.
3. Closed mounding boxes.
CRUCIBLE
1. Crucibles are made from graphite or steel shell lined with suitable refractory
material like fire clay.
2. They are commonly named as metal melting pots.
3. The raw material or charge is broken into small pieces and placed in them.
4. They are then placed in pit furnaces which are coke-fired.
5. In oil- fired tilting furnaces, they form an integral part of the furnace itself and
the charge is put into them while they are in position.
6. After melting of metals in crucibles, they are taken out and received in
crucible handle.
7. Pouring of molten is generally done directly by them instead of transferring
the molten metal to ladles.
8. But in the case of an oil-fired furnace, the molten metal is first received in a
ladle and then poured into the molds.
LADDLE
48
1. It is similar in shape to the crucible which is also made from graphite or steel
shell lined with suitable refractory material like fire clay.
2. It is commonly used to receive molten metal from the melting furnace and
pour the same into the mold cavity.
3. Its size is designated by its capacity.
4. Small hand shank ladles are used by a single foundry personal and are
provided with only one handle.
5. It may be available in different capacities up to 20 kg.
6. Medium and large size ladles are provided with handles on both sides to be
handled by two foundry personals.
7. They are available in various sizes with their capacity varying from 30 kg to
150 kg.
8. Extremely large sizes, with capacities ranging from 250 kg to 1000 kg, are
found in crane ladles.
9. Geared crane ladles can hold even more than 1000 kg of molten metal.
10. The handling of ladles can be mechanized for good pouring control and
ensuring better safety for foundry personals workers.
11. All the ladles consist of an outer casing made of steel or plate bent in proper
shape and then welded.
12. Inside this casing, a refractory lining is provided.
13. At its top, the casing is shaped to have a controlled and well directed flow of
molten metal.
14. They are commonly used to transport molten metal from furnace to mold.
POWER OPERATED EQUIPMENTS
1. Power operated equipment’s used in foundry department are given below:-
2. Mounding Machines.
3. Sand Slingers.
4. Core making & core baking equipment’s.
5. Power riddles.
6. Mechanical conveyors.
7. Sand Mixers.
INDUCTION FURNANCE
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1. Induction Furnace is used for melting the metal.
2. There is tilting head in furnace for pour out the melting metal.
3. To get more special properties following metal is added.
4. Ferro Manganese.
5. Ferro Silicon.
6. Ferro chromium.
7. Carbon (as required).
8. To remove slag from the melting metal silica sand is mixed in the furnace.
9. To get more fluidity of metal elino cline mixed in the melted metal.
Fig. no. (2.9) Induction Furnace Melting Process of Cast Iron
PARTS OF GRINDING MACHINE PREPARED IN FOUNDARY
DEPARTMENT OF HMT AJMER
1. Following parts of grinding machine are prepared in foundry department of
HMT Ajmer:-
2. Column.
3. Bed.
4. Drive Ring.
5. Clutch Cylinder.
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Fig. no. (2.10) Column/column
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CHAPTER 3
CORPORATE PROFILE
3.1 SHAFETY MEASURES
1. Do not wear loose garments they got caught leading to accidents.
2. Either roll up your uniform releases or bottom up the cuffs.
3. Always wear uniform and shoes they are for your safety.
4. Long and unruly hair is always dangerous particularly when working near rewiring
parts or machines or cutters.
5. Ring, bracelets and watches can get caught in the machinery. Do not wear them
when on duty.
6. Be calm and patient while working. A disturbed mind will invite trouble and haste
makes waste.
7. While walking watch your steps.
8. Be watchful of blind corners, you may be caught in the wrong way.
9. Do not ailment the attention of others or do not got yourself alleviated by other
while working.
10. Don't carry to many tools/instruments.
11. Put the work area clean dry clip free and free of obstructions.
12. Watch out for jobs, brass, rods, etc. which protrude form for vice and machines it
my hit you resulting in accident.
13. Use personal protective equipment and safety drives.
14. Do not touch/operate equipment unless you are authorized.
15. Do not leave on the machine.
16. Lubricate the Machine as is required.
17. Do not clean the machine parts with hearts, bars use cloth, cotton, wash brush.
18. Do not repair or try to adjust or repair any equipment when in motion.
19. Ensure all machine controls of the machine are accessible to you.
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3.2FUTURE VISION
1. Looking to the strategic role being played by the Ajmer & other HMT-MTL
Units in infrastructure & industrial development of the country and
contributing in Defense & other strategic sectors like Atomic Energy, Space,
etc.; Govt. is considering Revival Package for all HMT Units.
2. Plan envisages up gradation and addition of facilities in Shops, Information
Technology, etc. Ajmer Unit is likely to get support of Rs.10-12 crore for new
Plant & Machinery, reconditioning/up gradation of existing Plant &
Machinery, Information Technology, Tooling/Productivity Aids,
Measuring/Inspection facilities and Foundry Division.
3.3 HMT CORPORATE VISION
Fig. no. (3.1) HMT Corporate Vision
3.4 HMT CORPORATE MISSION
1. To establish ourselves as one of the world’s premier companies in the engineering
field having strong international competitiveness.
2. To achieve market leadership in India through ensuring customer satisfaction by
supplying internationally competitive products and services.
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3.5 HMT CORPORATE OBJECTINES & GOALS
1. To encourage the modernization of Indian Industry through the supply of
engineering goods and services of world class excellence.
2. To maintain technological leadership through continuous efforts to update
product technology and manufacturing methods.
3. To globalize our operations by developing a mix of international markets and
businesses.
4. To ensure a satisfactory return on capital employed, to meet the growth
needs and the aspirations of our stakeholders.
5. To present an active, pleasant and productive working environment.
3.6 CONCLUSION
1. It was a wonderful experience for all of us having our first industrial exposure
at HMT-Machine tools Ltd.
2. Realized the experience of team work.
3. Get the knowledge of a production company
4. Get the knowledge of working of machinery in the company.
5. Get the little knowledge of CNC machine working.
6. Good experience of the production of machine tools.
References
[1] Catalogue of Hindustan Machine Tools Limited Ajmer.
[2] Production Technology by R. K. Jain.
[3] Introduction to Basic Manufacturing Process & Workshop Technology by
Rajender Singh Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering CRSCE,
Murthal, Haryana.
[4] www.hmtindia.com.
[5] www.Wikipedia.com.
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