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HISTORY OF ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR
Presented by- A.Raj Shravanthi
Classical View Bureaucracy Scientific Management Administrative Neoclassical Human Relations Movement Chester Barnard Integrating management theories Contingency Approach System Behavioural approach Quantitative approach
EARLY MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
MODERN MANAGEMENT APPROACHES
Classical Administration Theory
Classical View (Early 1900s-1920)Bureaucracy: Max Weber(father of modern
sociology) Strict chain of command, detailed
rules, high specialization, centralized power, and selection and promotion based on technical competence
Classical Administration Theory
Scientific management: Focusses on worker & machine relationship. Frederick Taylor(1911)-Father of Scientific
Management. Published- Principles of Scientific
Management Gilberth- “one best way” of doing work Motion study & time study Henry Gantt(1861-1919)- Gantt charts Henry focussed on motivational schemes,
leadership and management skills for an effective industrial organisation
Classical Administration Theory
Administrative Management: Henri Fayol (1941-1924), popularized
the concept of the “universality of management principles”
Father of Modern Management. Attempts to prescribe the “correct” way
to manage an organization and achieve its goals
High specialization of labour (each dept tended to its own business, and decision making was centralized)
Neoclassical School Human relations Chester Barnard(1886-1961)
Human Relations Movement Advocates management styles that are more
participative and oriented towards employee needs
Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company; 1924-1932
Initiated as an attempt to investigate how characteristics of the work setting affect employee fatigue and performance (i.e., lighting)
Found that productivity increased regardless of whether illumination was raised or lowered
Chester Barnard 3 top functions of executives-1. Establish and maintain an effective
communication system2. Hire and retain effective personnel3. Motivate those personnel He gave ‘Acceptance Theory of
Authority;
Modern management approach System theory Contingency view Behavioural approach Quntitative approach
System approach Emerged during 1940s and World War-2 System is also an organization just like a human
body. it can be defined as “essentially a set or assembly of
things interconnection or interdependent , so as to form a complex unites”
Any degree of change will affect some other system.
Firstly applied in the fields of science and engineering system.
There are 2 major types of system: 1)open system. 2) Closed system.
Goals and Values
Technology
Structure
Public
Government
Inputs Outputs
Sub Systems
System Approach
Contingency View(mid 1960s) Also called Situational approach Emphasizes the fit b/w organisation
process and the characteristic of the situation.
It assumes that managerial behaviour is dependent on wide variety of elements.
Behavioural approach It is improved and more mature version
of the human relations approach. Scientists like Douglas McGregor,
Abraham Maslow, Kurt Lewin, Chester Barnard, Mary Parker Follet etc contributed to this behavioural approach hence they are called Behavioural scientists.
Their contributions helped in understanding OB.
Quantitative approach Also called the management science
approach It gained momentum during 2nd world
war to seek solutions to complex problems in warfare
The scientists engaged for this purpose were known as Operations Research teams(‘.’ it included contruction of mathematical models to simulate the problem)
References Textbooks : Organisational Behaviour- Stephen P.
Robbins Principles of Management- Harold Koontz,
Heinz Weihrich, A Ramachandran Aryasri.Internet : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Organizational_studies www.prenhall.com
Thankyou