History of CHI Leuven, 11 March 2013

Erik Duval http://erikduval.wordpress.com @ErikDuval

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http://www.slideshare.net/erik.duval

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http://www.taringa.net/posts/arte/18001402/John-Kenn-mini-monstruos-en-Post-It.html

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interaction design history in a teeny little nutshell

version 1.5

marc rettig marcrettig.com

presented atcarnegiemellonuniversity

2 april 2004

mrettig@well.com

HUGE thanks to...

http://www.slideshare.net/mrettig/interaction-design-history

when? what?

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wiring the ENIAC with a new program

ENIAC 1946 Mauchly and Eckert

stats: 3,000 cubic feet 30 tons 18,000 vacuum tubes 70,000 resistors 170 kilowatt power req. ~1 kilobit memory

approximate processing power of today’s singing birthday card

but not a stored-program device

Great description here: www.computinghistorymuseum.org/teaching/lectures/pptlectures/7b-eniac.ppt

front panel switches

DEC PDP-8

TI 980

1960’s

The internal architecture of the machine is exposed in the controls. You can see that the PDP-8 is an octal computer, with its switches in three-bit configurations (it takes three bits to count from 0 to 7, for a total of 8 numbers. Base 8. Octal. Get it?). The TI 980 is a hexadecimal machine, with switches in groups of four. Using the switches, you program the machine one word at a time (a word being, say, two hexadecimal bytes for the TI).

configure switches, run batch, output to tape

batch processing: feed it cards, wait while it runs

What you used to do punch a deck of cards; take the cards to a little window, hand them to the operator; she puts them in line with everyone else’s jobs; when it’s your turn she puts your cards in the hopper and pushes “RUN”; your program works or it doesn’t; an hour or twelve later, you pick up your cards and (hopefully) printout at the same little window.

What you do now double-click an icon, see what happens immediately.

preparing punch cards

An important by-product:

confetti. All

the chaff from all those cards was just great to throw around the dorm.

preparing punch cards

Each key press punches holes, so there’s no “erase.” Fixing a mistake almost always required ejecting the card and starting it over.

In a pinch – say you really needed to fix a card and the punch was down – a clever operator might know enough about the card encoding to close some holes with tape and open others with a knife.

So on the one hand, we were adapting to the machines. On the other hand, the workings of the machines were exposed, right out where we could get to them.

punch cards

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:FortranCardPROJ039.agr.jpg

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http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e8/IBM_card_punch_029.JPG

operator console

IBM System 360 1960’s

at home, it’s still the switches – but what to do with it?

MITS Altair 8800 1975

One of the first commercially available home computers. You ordered it. You built it. You operated it through front panel switches.

next?

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Command Line Interface

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http://www.secretgeometry.com/apps/cathode/

Nog vb?

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Grafische gebruikersinterface

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WIMP• Windows

IconsMenus, andPointing devices

• Characteristics

• intuitive

• consistent

• forgiving

• protective

• But not necessarily best for expert!

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Ivan Sutherland: Sketchpad (1962)Tu

ring

Aw

ard

1988

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=USyoT_Ha_bA22

D. Engelbart, Augment

•Stanford Research Institute

• invented interactive computing (mouse, windows, groupware, ...)

• team went to Xerox PARC

•http://dougengelbart.org/

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D. Engelbart, Augment

• demo at 1968 Fall Joint Computer Conference

• video, microwave transmission, ...

• http://www.dougengelbart.org/firsts/dougs-1968-demo.html

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JfIgzSoTMOs25

“if, in your office, you, as an intellectual worker were supplied with a computer display backed up by a computer that was alive for you all day and was instantly responsive to any action you had. How much value could you derive from that?”

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augmented reality

artificial intelligence27

http://cfdj.sys-con.com/read/536976.htm

http://erikduval.wordpress.com/2010/01/31/happy-85th-carrying-the-torch/

XEROX PARC Star (1981)

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYvxgNhUwBk

a tool for home and small business calculations

visicalc Dan Bricklin 1979

Finally people had a reason to buy a home computer (specifically, an Apple II): so they could use VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet.

THE place to learn about Visicalc: www.bricklin.com/visicalc.htmDownload a working version!

33 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G0FtgZNOD44

All 39 pages of advertising that Apple bought in a 1984 issue of newsweek are available here: http://www.aci.com.pl/mwichary/computerhistory/ads/macnewsweek

Windows 1.0 (1985)

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y48rthTbrA8&NR=1

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beyond then ...

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a6cNdhOKwi0

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6Cf7IL_eZ38

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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c6W4CCU9M4

http://www.microsoft.com/enterprise/productivityvision/default.aspx

http://www.microsoft.com/microsoft-hololens/en-us

http://www.ted.com/index.php/talks/pattie_maes_demos_the_sixth_sense.html

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5’

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http://www.lce.hut.fi/research/css/bci/

45 http://emotiv.com/

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The future has already arrived. It's just not evenly distributed yet.

47Thanks!

Questions?http://erikduval.wordpress.com/

@ErikDuval