BY: ABUOVA MADINA & AZIMOVA KUNDYZ

A Brief History of English Language

Plan:

History of English Language - Traditional periodisation of English

Language History - English Language FamilyExtralinguistic reasons replenishment of the

English languageLinguistic reasons of change of value of word

Traditional Periodisation of English Languages History

The name of the period Time (Chronology)

1.Old English (OE):

1.1 Early OE

1.2 Anglo-Saxon

1.1 5th c.– 7th c.

1.2 7th c.– 11th c.

2. Middle English (ME):

2.1 Early ME

2.2 Classical ME

2.1 11th c.– 14th c.

2.2 14th c. – 15th c.

3. New English (NE):

3.1 Early NE

3.2 The age of normalization and correctness

3.3 Late NE ( Modern English)

3.1 15th c. - mid.17th c. 3.2 mid.17th c. - 18th c.

3.3 the end of the 18th c.- till nowadays

Where does English come from?

History of the English language really started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during the 5th century AD.

The Angles, the Saxons and the Jutes, crossed the North Sea from what today is Denmark and northern Germany.

At that time the inhabitants of Britain spoke a Celtic language; most of the Celtic speakers were pushed west and north by the invaders—mainly into what is now Wales, Scotland and Ireland.

The Angles came from Englaland and their language was called Englisc—from which the words England and English are derived.

English is a member of the Germanic language family

Indo-European Language Families

Overview of English InfluencesPre-History-1066 A.D.

Celts (Britons and Gaels) up to 55 B.C.Roman Conquest 55 B.C. - 407 A.D.Anglo-Saxon Period 407 A.D. - 787 A.D.Viking Invasions 787 A.D. - 1066 A.D.Norman Conquest begins in 1066 A.D.

The Celts/Pre-Roman

The island we know as England was invaded by two groups of people: 1. Celts known as Bythons and 2. Gaels.The Celts were Pagans and their religion was known as “animism” a Latin word for “spirit.”Druids were their priests and when clans had disputes, they intervened to settle them.

Roman Occupation

Hadrian’s Wall

The Anglo-Saxon Period410-787 A.D.

Important Events in the (First) Anglo-Saxon Period

410-450 Angles and Saxons invade from Baltic shores of Germany, and Jutes invade from Jutland peninsula in Denmark, thus driving out the Celts.

Nine Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms eventually become the Anglo-Saxon heptarchy or “Seven Sovereign Kingdoms”.

King Alfred “the Great” managed peace against the Danes for about a generation, until William of Normandy defeated them in 1066.

Viking Invasion

The Vikings were sea-faring, explorers, traders and warriors, Scandinavians during the 8th-11th centuries.Expeditions that plundered and ended in conquest and settlements of Britain.King Alfred “the Great” in 871 was able to use the language to appeal the English and his efforts saved the language.

Extralinguistic reasons replenishment of the English language

The complexity of the word, which is mandatory, but flexible relationship of its components - denotation, concept and form - making it possible to relate

one item with multiple denotations. Rethink the essence of the word is that the name of one denotation

applies to the other, if their concepts are somewhat similar. The word

continues to exist in its original form.

Linguistic reasons of change of value of word

linguistic reason of change of value of word Ellipsis, that is, is considered. reduction of word-combination there is the so-

called semantic condensation at that - a remaining word is

absorbed in itself by sense of all combination.

Conclusion

English continues to change and develop, with hundreds of new words arriving every year. But even with all the borrowings from

many other languages the heart of the English language remains the Anglo-Saxon of Old English. The grammar of English is

also distinctly Germanic - three genders (he, she and it) and a simple set of verb tenses.

Literature:

1. http://www.englishclub.com/english-language-history.htm

2. http://www.studyenglishtoday.net/english-language-history.html

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_English_language

4. http://www.anglik.net/englishlanguagehistory.htm

5. Rastorgueva