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Subscribe to my education channel. bit.ly/gohbangrui These slides introduce the first part of Lower Secondary History Chapter 7: Life after World War II to the Secondary 2 students who are studying for the Singapore syllabus. These slides are the first of the series of slides for Chapter 7: Life after World War II. 1. Post-war Living Conditions after World War II 2. Maria Hertogh and Anti-National Service Riots 3. The Rendel Constitution and 1955 Elections Any feedback is welcome.
Citation preview
How did The Local People Respond to British Rule After World War II?
Chapter 7Part 1
Overview of Chapter 7
Part 1Living Conditions
after the War
Part 2 Maria Hertogh and
Anti-NS riots
Part 3Rendel Constitution
& 1955 Election
Living Conditions after the War
Q1What was post-
war conditions like in Singapore?
Q2How did post-war conditions affect
the response of the local people under
British rule?
Q3How did the British
respond to the strikes and
changing attitudes of the local people?
12th Sept 1945Singapore
Surrender of Japan
Welcome of British
What was post-war conditions like in Singapore?
Here are rows and rows of back-to-back houses crammed to the physical limit. Conditions are bad. Rooms contained several separate families. Those who cannot share rooms live underneath stairways or in cubicles which are in complete darkness at all hours of the day and without direct contact with sunlight.
“”
Here are rows and rows of back-to-back houses crammed to the physical limit. Conditions are bad. Rooms contained several separate families. Those who cannot share rooms live underneath stairways or in cubicles which are in complete darkness at all hours of the day and without direct contact with sunlight.
“”
Post-War Living Conditions
Shortage of food Shortage of Housing
Shortage of Water and Utilities
Unemployment
“Many houses have but one water-tap for the whole house and all the inmates share one bucket-type latrine. The dirt and stench are appalling.”
How did post-war conditionsaffect the response of the local
people under British rule?
With the Japanese
Occupation, the people no
longer regarded the British as
superior.
Felt that it was time for local people to run the country.
Many countries around
Singapore that were under
colonial rule had gained
independence.
Change in People’s Attitude
Change in People’s attitude
Textbook, pg 134
… who went through the Second World War…and came out determined that no one – neither the Japanese nor the British – had the right to push and kick usaround … we saw for ourselves that the local people could run thecountry .
India, a former British colony, gained independence in 1947.
Change in People’s attitude
Mahatma Gandhi
Strikes&
Riots
The difficult living conditions explained why there were waves of strikes and work stoppages by thousands of workers from the port, factories, transport and business companies after 1945
Strikes
Strikes took place so often in 1947 that it was remembered as ‘The Year of Strikes’
More than 300 strikes were organized by 70,000 people in that year alone.
These strikes became worse with the involvement of the MCP- Malayan Communist Party.
The communistsstirred up people’s feelings by blamingthe British for all the post-war problems.
The communists formed tradeunions and encouraged people to join
They are able to influence people to go on strikes.
A riot is a form of civil disorder characterised often by what is thought of as disorganised groups lashing out in a sudden against authority, property or people.
Riots
To be continued in Part 2
Two major riots in the 1950s1. The Maria Hertogh riots2. Anti-National Service riots
How did the British respond to the strikes and the changing attitudes of the local people?
Initially
The British had no intention to
give up complete
control over Singapore
However, they knew some
powers would have to be
transferred to the people
To win thesupport of the people, the British decided to introduce changes gradually• First minor change:
The first electionswas introduced in 1948
Elections were introduced for the first time.
British allowed a few localsto be elected into the Legislative council.
1948The 1948 elections was the
first step towards
democracy.
A Problem
It was a low-keyevent.
Not all eligiblevoters took part in the election.
Why did the 1948 election have
poor attendance?
Many people were not eligible to vote
as only those born in Singapore could vote.
It was not compulsory.
Singapore Progressive
Party (SPP)
The Singapore Progressive Party (SPP) was the only party which took part in the 1948 election.
Out of a total of
6 seats in the Legislative Council
Won by the Singapore
Progressive Party
Won by the Independents
The SPP worked closely with the British in the Legislative Council.refer to TB pg 136, 137.
Singapore Progressive
Party(SPP)
Equal treatment for both local and European civil servants.
Proposed a financial security scheme for retired workers (CPF).
BUT
SPP was not popular among the Chinese educated locals.
Why?
SPP was made up of English-
educatedmembers.
They are pro-British and believed in
gradual self-government.
SPP failed to put pressure on
the British government for more changes.
The British realised that the MCP was the main culprit in organising strikesthrough the trade unions and created disorder in the society.
1947Thus, they passedlaws to control the activities of trade unions.
These laws required all the trade unions to register with the government from 1947 onwards.
With this measure, the British could ensure that the unions did not support the communists.
Singapore Shell Employees Union
United Worker of Petroleum Industry
National Trades Union Congress
Summary
Q1 What was post-war conditions like in Singapore?
Living conditions were difficult.
Part 1 – Living Conditions after the War
Q2 How did post-war conditions affect the response of the local people under British rule?
Change in People’s attitude towards the British
Strikes and Riots
Q3 How did the British respond to the strikes and changing attitudes of the local people?
First election introduced in 1948
•British allowed a few locals to be elected into the Legislative council
Passed law to control the activities of trade unions
•Ensure that the unions did not support the communists
But,
have the problems been solved?
Though the British allowed a small degree of self-government with the introduction of the 1948 elections, people still faced social & economic problems in the 1950s.
In the 1950s, two major riots took place in Singapore that clearly expressed anti-British feelings.
1. The Maria Hertogh riots2. Anti-National Service
riots
Created by
Goh Bang Rui
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