History

• Philippine Revolution

• From Indio to Filipino

• Personal Motives

The revolts were personally led by former barangay datus and maharlikas, as well as babaylans and katalonas, who had lost their prestige and power in their communities with the coming of the Spaniards, and were supplanted by leaders chosen by the Spaniards and by the Spanish friars.


Lakandula and Soliman Revolt in 1574 due to sequestration of their landed properties and even toleration of the encomendero’s abuse and oppression of their people.

The conspiracy of the maharlikas headed by Agustin de Legazpi and Martin Pangan.


In 1621-22, an outlawed babaylan, Tamblot of Bohol employed magic and religion in alluring the unbelieving people to abandon Christianity and to return to their former beliefs. In no time, he was crushed by Juan de Alcarazo, alcalde mayor of Cebu.


The rebellion in Carigara (Leyte), led by Bankaw, Datu of Limasawa

Francisco Dagohoy’s revolt in Bohol. This was the longest revolt in Philippine history taking 85 years to quell (1744- 1829).

Silang Revolt in Ilocos

Palaris Revolt in Pangasinan

Magtangaga Revolt in Cagayan

• Religious Motives

Two Christianized Isnegs of Northwest Cagayan, Miguel Lanab and Alalaban of Capinatan (Apayao), revolted in 1625, by mutilating and beheading the Dominicans Fr. Alonzo Garcia and Bro. Onofre Palao.

A nativist revolt with religious overtones was led by Tapar in Oton, Iloilo, whom proclaimed himself, “God Almighty”.

• Religious Motives

The Magtangaga Revolt in Cagayan in October 1718 led by Francisco Rivera, a vissionary who appropriated for himself the title of “Papa Rey”.

Ermano Apolinario de la Cruz’s revolt which was divided into two phases: phase 1 from 1832- 1841 was from the founding of the Confradia de San Jose in 1832 to the death of Dela Cruz in 1841, and phase 2 from 1870- 71, with the revival of the Confradia in 1870, terminating with the revolt and capture of Januario Labios in 1871.

• Resistance to Spanish- Imposed Institutions

Among the major rebellions belonging to this class were those in the late 16 th century led by Magalat of Cagayan, the Sumodoy and the CARAGA revolts in the 17th century.

• Moro Resistance

• Most united groups were the Muslims.

• They were bounded by Islam.

• Continuous military expeditions failed to subdue them. They fought back by raiding the coastal towns under Spain.

• Since the establishment of Fort Pilar, the Spaniards failed to subjucate the Moros.

• Juramentado or Sabil Allah – ritual suicide attacks .

• Activity

• Why all these revolts failed?

• The Development and Growth of Filipino Nationalism

• Nationalism

• It is the love of one’s country and people.

• It is a feeling of oneness that binds the people to a common past and a common identity.

• It includes pride in one’s cultural heritage, support for the country’s aspirations, patriotism and advocacy of national independence.

• What facilitated the development of Filipino nationalism?

1. Influx of liberal ideas from Europe

2. Introduction of modern technology

3. The opening of Philippines to world trade

4. The opening of the Suez Canal – traveling to other countries exposed the Filipinos to modern ideas of liberty.

5. The rise of new middle class- occupied a high position in society because of their wealth and prestige. They also criticized the unequal treatment of the Spaniards to the Filipinos.

• Secularization Issue

– Two kinds of priest during the Spanish Regime

– Regular- Spanish priests who belong to any of the religious orders.

– Secular- Priest who obtained their religious training in the Philippines who were under the direct control of the bishops and archbishops.

– Filipino priests were not only denied access to the parishes but some of them were removed from their parishes to accommodate the regulars . This event turned out to be a racial discrimination against Filipino secular priests.

7. Cavite Mutiny- Soldiers and workers at the Cavite Arsenal rebelled against the withdrawal of their privileges of non-payment of taxes and exemption from forced labor.

8. Trial and execution of GOMBURZA

9. Disillusionment over Spanish rule- common sufferings under tyrannical rule of the Spaniards fostered a feeling of unity among Filipinos.

10. A short of history of zamboanga

11. Zamboanga City, an introductiom

12. Zamboanga City (Chavacano: Ciudad de Zamboanga) is a highly urbanized city located in Mindanao, Philippines.

13. It has a population of 807,129 people as of the 1 May 2010 census.

14. Zamboanga is the 6th most populous and 3rd largest city by land area in the Philippines.

15. It is the commercial and industrial center of the Zamboanga Peninsula Region.

16. Zamboanga Map

17. Zamboanga City, an introductiom

18. Zamboanga used to be known as Jambangan in the Subanen language and was the center of the Subanen culture during the pre-Hispanic times. After independence from Spain in May 1899, Zamboanga became the Republic of Zamboanga with Zamboangueño Chavacano as its official language and Spanish as its co-official language.

19. On October 12, 1936, Zamboanga became a chartered city under Commonwealth Act No. 39. It was formally inaugurated on February 26, 1937, which was declared a local holiday. Known for Hispanic influences in its culture, it bears the nickname "Asia's Latin City."

20. The Name Zamboanga

21. The evolution of the name "Zamboanga" provides an interesting insight into its historical background. The early Malay settlers called the region “Jambangan”, which means Land of the Flowers.

22. These Malays who built their settlements by the river banks were the subanons, that is the “People of the River”. Their chief, Saragan, lived with his family atop the legendary Mount Pulumbato that today lords over Pasonanca and Climaco

23.

24. Mount Pulong bato

25. The Name Zamboanga

26. Freedom Park (formerly Abong-Abong Park) then later on, the Samals and the Badjaos who came on their frail vintas also settled here, building their frail huts along the shorelines and confused “Jambangan” with “Samboangan” which comes from the word “Sabuan”, the wooden pole used to help push their vintas in shallow waters or to tie them for anchorage purposes.

27. The Spanish colonizers found difficulty in pronouncing “Samboangan” and instead called the place “Zamboanga”.

28. Zamboanga during the Precolonial Times

29. Zamboanga was founded in the late 12th or early 13th century, with the earliest people living there being the Subanen, an indigenous tribe of the island Mindanao.

30. Badjao, Samal, Tausug and the Yakan tribes from Malayan descent settled in the same part of Mindanao in the early 14th century. Islam gained predominance in the early 14th century in the Philippines.

31. Precolonial Zamboanga

32. The Moro Boats

33. Zamboanga during the Spanish Period

34. Spanish explorers arrived in the Philippine archipelago in 1521.In 1569 Zamboanga was chosen as the site of the Spanish settlement and garrison on La Caldera (now called Barrio Recodo).

35. Zamboanga was one of the main strongholds in Mindanao, supporting colonizing efforts in the south of the island and making way for Christian settlements.

36. It also served as a military outpost, protecting the island against foreign invaders and Moro pirates.

37. The Republic of Zamboanga

38. Republic of Zamboanga

39. On February 28, 1899, in a house in Sta. Maria, a revolutionary government was organized and General Vicente Alvarez was elected provisional president and commander-in-chief.

40. He then planned to take Real Fuerza de Nuestra Señora La Virgen del Pilar de Zaragoza which was the last Spanish stronghold in the Philippines.

41. The republic was formally established on May 18, 1899, with the surrender of Fort Pilar to the Revolutionary Government of Zamboanga under the leadership of General Alvarez.

42. On May 23, 1899, the Spaniards finally evacuated Zamboanga, after burning down most of the city's buildings in contempt of the Zamboangueños' revolt against them.


44. American occupation

1. General Álvarez's term was cut short when the commander of Tetuan, Isidro Midel, cooperated with the Americans in exchange for the presidency. He then ordered the assassination of Major Melanio Calixto, acting commander of Zamboanga, because Álvarez was on a trip to Basilan to recruit more forces.

2. On November 16, 1899, Midel flew the white flag over Fort Pilar to signal the occupying American forces to enter the fort which led to the overthrow of Álvarez's government.


46. Decline and aftermath of the Republic

1. In March 1901, the Americans allowed the republic to hold elections and elected Mariano Arquiza to succeed Midel as the new president of the Zamboanga Republic.

2. However, Arquiza's government did not exercise effective authority over Zamboanga and finally in March 1903, the Republic of Zamboanga was dissolved.

3. After, the American colonial government designated Zamboanga as capital of the newly established Moro Province which served as the provincial entity of Mindanao with Brigadier General Leonard Wood as its governor.

47. American Period

48. The Americans in 1903, Zamboanga,was placed under the Moro Province, a semi-military government consisting of five districts: Zamboanga, Cotabato, Davao, Lanao and Sulu.

49. General John J. Pershing, who was military commander/governor of the Moro Province from 1909 to 1914. The entire Moro Province of Mindanao was administered directly from the city, effectively making Zamboanga Mindanao's only capital city.

50. In 1920, Zamboanga ceased to be Mindanao's capital city when the department was divided into provinces in which the city became under the large province of Zamboanga.

51. It encompasses the present-day Zamboanga Peninsula with the inclusion of the whole province of Basilan.

52. Soon after the establishment of the commonwealth, it established itself the center of commerce, trade, and government of Mindanao Island as the capital of the Moro

53. Plaza Pershing

54. Old downtown- American Period

55. Chartered City

56. When the Commonwealth government was established in 1935, calls to convert Zamboanga into a city increased.

57. On September 23, 1936, the National Assembly of the Philippines passed Commonwealth Act No. 39 making Zamboanga.

58. A chartered city consisting of "the present territorial jurisdiction of

1. the municipality of Zamboanga,

2. the municipality of Bolong, the municipal district of Taluksangay, the whole island of Basilan and the adjacent islands, i.e., the municipality of Isabela, the municipal district of Lamitan, and the municipal district of Maluso.

59. Basilan Separates

60. After the war, new problems aroused especially for the citizens of the island of Basilan.

61. The people there found it difficult to appear in courts, pay their taxes, seek help from the mayor and other officials. Going from Basilan to the mainland required three or more hours of travel.

62. To fix the problem, Representative Juan Alano filed a bill in Congress to separate Basilan from Zamboanga. So the island of Basilan was proclaimed a separate city through Republic Act No. 288

63. WWII Zamboanga

64. Guess the place

65. Ateneo De Zamboanga

66. Somewhere near the Sucabon River

67. Somewhere Downtown

68. Sta. Maria

69. Somewhere in downtown

70. A road near Jollibee and Sunflower

71. Somewhere near Fort Pilar

72. At the back of the City Hall - Seaport

73. Rizal Street today.- Pettit Barracks

74. A town scene

75. Old City hall

76. The Inside of Plaza Pershing

77. Streets near Downtown

78. The McDO today. Infront of City hall

79. The Modern Times

80. References

81. www.wikimediacommons.com

82. http://www.skyscrapercity.com/showthread.php?t=1510630&page=96

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