Mexican Independence1810-1821

MIGUEL HIDALGO

1. Analyze the above quote and the painting and describe what Miguel hidalgo wants to accomplish. 2. What powerful symbols can be found in this painting and what is their significance? 3. Create a Title for this piece of art.

“My children, will you be free? Will you make the effort

to recover from the hated Spaniards the lands stolen from your forefathers 300

years ago?”

MIGUEL HIDALGO

Goals: He wanted to win Independence

from Spain and

redistribute land from the

Church, Creoles, and Peninsulares and give it to the people.Highly educated Creole priest assigned

to town of Dolores, Mexico.

MIGUEL HIDALGO

*September 16, 1810: the speech was known as El Grito de Dolores.

Actions: In 1810, Hidalgo rang the church bell and called upon his mestizo and indigenous parishioners to take up arms against the Spanish.

“My children, will you be free? Will you make the effort to recover from the hated Spaniards the lands

stolen from your forefathers 300 years ago?”

MIGUEL HIDALGO

He led a rag-tag army of 80,000

toward Mexico City, unleashing mass

slaughter of Peninsulares in his

path.

MIGUEL HIDALGO

"Though I may die, I shall be remembered forever; you all will soon be forgotten."

Never made it to the capital – He was

captured by other Creoles and executed

in 1811.

Mexican War for Independence

Finally, In 1821, Augustin Iturbide marched victorious into Mexico City and established an independent Mexican nation!

Results: Other rebellions against Spanish rule continued for over 10 years!

South American Revolutions1808-1824

SIMON BOLIVAR

* Elite educated Creole,

- Military General

LEADERS

• 1808 – Declares Colombian Independence and war with Spain begins!

* 1812 – Flees to New Granada but returns to Liberate Venezuela in 1813

Goal: Bolivar wanted to free South America from the law of Spain!

Actions:

SIMON BOLIVAR

* 1819 – Victory in Battle of Bogota liberated Colombia and Ecuador

* Creole officer who had trained in Europe and fought for the Spanish.

* Defected from Spanish army and joined rebels in 1811.

Jose de San Martin

By 1822, Bolivar had liberated Colombia, Venezuela and Ecuador and San Martin had

liberated Argentina and Chile. The two armies met in Peru, the last stronghold of the Spanish.

In 1817, San Martin and Bernardo O’Higgins led their army in a daring

march over the Andes.

Bolivar and San Martin met in Guayaquil in 1822. After their meeting, San Martin resigned as Protector of Peru and handed his armies to Bolivar to defeat the last of the Spanish. Bolivar won the battle and Bolivia was named in his honor. San Martin would retire

to Europe and died in 1850.

SIMON BOLIVAR

* 1824 – Led invasion of Peru and defeated Spain!

Results: Known as “The Liberator”- Bolivar liberated

Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, & Bolivia

Result:

SIMON BOLIVAR

Plan for a united, federated Latin America, “Gran Colombia,” was crushed by political in-fighting and civil wars.

SIMON BOLIVAR

* 1830 – Simon Bolivar died of tuberculosis at the age of 47