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haemoptysis management
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Case study
81 years old male, P/W haemoptysis
PPHx: Sudden onset haemoptysis for 2/7 Seaspoonful frank blood mixed with phlem 4-5 times the day before, The day admission,3-4 times frank blood only First episode Nil pleuritic pain/SOB/recent chest
infection/precious TB/pets, birds/recent travel
Otherwise previously well Independent to ADLs 1 year ago able to walk 1km, now 100-200m limited, pt blames arthritic hip pain, but not SOB
PHx: IHD – PTCA 2003 R CVA 27 years ago – Nil deficiency ? CRF ( Cr 118/ eGFR 51 in 2008) HT High Chol
Social Hx: From Ltaly Migrated 1960 Builder/labour job Heavy smoker 70 pack year
Medication: Aspirin Atacand Plavix Lipitor
Physical Examinatioin Afebrile T 36.5 HR 75 RR15 SatO2 96% RA BP 117/44 Chest: Treachea midline AE decreased, Fixed monophonic wheez L & R mid zone Others NAD
Blood result: FBC: HB 140 / WCC 8 EUC: Urea 7.2 / Cr 12.1 / eGFR 53 LFT: Normal Coag: INR 0.9 Resp Culture: neg
CXR
Spirometry: FEV1 1.59 (57%) FVC 2.69 (71%) FER?? 0.59
Showed obstruction
Impression: Haemoptysis for investigation B/G Heavy smoker & undignosed COPD DDX: -- ? Malignancy -- ? Infection
Management: Admit resp. ENT review: excluded ENT issue Chest and neck CT: 3X2.2 central RLL mass,
possible liver mass Haemoptysis solved the third day of
admission, discharged, bronchoscopy as outpatient
Bronchoscopy: A polypoid appearing rounded tumour
visualised in the medial based segment of the RLL approx 1cm from the foramen
Culture Bronchial lavage: neg Rt lower lobe medial segment tumour biopsy. Histology showed differentiated invasive squamous
carcinoma. Bronchial Washing (RLL) - Atypical squamous cells.
Pt follow up with ARAC clinic
PHx: IHD – recently inferior STEMI 1 PCI to RCA VF arrest –required 1X DC shock –VT Previous PCI 6 years ago HTN High chol TIA 2006 Left ilio femoral endarterectomy 2009 Carotid endarterectomy 2007
Social Hx: Ex-smoker: 40 pack years Quit smoke 1/12 ago EtoH occasional
Medication: Aspirin Prasugel Atenolol Atorvastatin Fosinopril Thyroxine
Physical examination: Afebrile T 36.5 P 60 BP 115/65 RR 20 SatO2 97% RA Coughing frankl blood Chest: Right side dullness Right midzone creps
Blood test: HB 129 PLT 450 INR normal
CXR: Complete collapse of RUL No definite hilar mass
CXR
Impression: Frank haemoptysis secondary to RUL mass
Pt is reviewed by Dr. Johnson. Bleeding is from the mass, unlikely from
pulmonary vessel as CTPA neg Bronchoscopy at this stage will not be of any
benefit The definite Tx option is for Cardiac thoracic
involvement with possible RUL lobectomy As per cardiac thoracic:
Watch till haemoptysis settles Then for definite therapy in the next few days
Management plan: Need HDU admission Fluids resuscitation Stop aspirin & plevix Sputum cytology NBM If pt cont. massive haemoptysis, require
urgent intervention O/Night – bronchoscopy by cardiac thoracic +/- RUL lobectom
Management plan ( cont’s) If pt stable O/N, then
Bronchoscopy, Bx OT Sputum cytology PET scan for staging
Discussed with cardiology: not for platelets unless active bleeding
Management plan (cont’s)Further discussed with Dr. Desai & Dr.
French (cardiac thoracic), suggest: No surgical intervention at this stage If severe haemoptysis recur,
Protection of airway by double lumen tube Pt need to have bronchoscopy Embolization
Progress: Pt had Bronchoscopy next day, showed:
RUL bronchus mass Histology result: Poorly differentiated
invasive squamous carcinoma PET showed: only right hilar and upper
lobe uptake, nil mets
Progress (cont’s): Pt is stable, haemoptysis is settled,
Discharge home Follow up with Dr. Johnson and DR. French (CTS)
Further admission later for stent thrombosis and NSTEMI
Had chemotherapy Now on Radiotherapy – with curative intent
62 years male, P/W Haemoptysis for 1/7 PPHx:
Sudden onset of haemoptysis First episode Up to 1 L of bright blood with small blood clots Nil SOB / TB / pleuritic pain / recent chest
infection / CP