THE GULF WARS AND AFGHANISTAN

Year 10 History, Mr Shipp 2015

WHAT DO YOU KNOW ABOUT IRAQ AND KUWAIT?

History of the Middle East in Maps

REFUGEE CRISIS IN EUROPE

How is this mass movement of people linked to wars in the Middle East?

Iraq

• Originally known as Mesopotamia, lies between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

• The British renamed the area Iraq and recognised it as a kingdom in 1922

• Population 32.5 million

Can Iraq and Syria survive as Countries?

Kuwait

• Independence in 1961

• Oil has dominated the economy, making up around 90% of export revenues.

• Population 3.5 million

First Gulf War 1990-1991

• Triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. Iraq’s leader, Ṣaddām Ḥussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait

• His aim was to acquire oil fields in Kuwait and make this country a province of Iraq

United Nations Security Council Resolution 661, 1990

Reaffirming Resolution 660 (1990) and noting Iraq's refusal to comply with it and Kuwait's right of self-defence, the

Council took steps to implement international sanctions on Iraq under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.

This was the second resolution by the Security Council over the invasion of Kuwait.

First Gulf War Part 1

Personality Time: Saddam Hussein

• The name given to the American campaign to push the Iraqi army out of Kuwait.

• This was the first major combat operation for the United States after the cold war period.

• The use of diplomacy and supremacy of military arms gave the US led coalition the advantage

Operation Desert Storm

First Gulf War Part 1

"new world order had begun."

George Bush Senior

Personality Time: George Bush Senior

New World Order Speech

9-11: How it changed the world

The Bush Administration and the Age of Terror

Second Gulf War 2003-2011

• Divided into two phases: a brief congenitally fought war in 2003 and U.S.-led occupation of Iraq was opposed by an insurgency lasting up until 2011

• The invasion of Iraq was a result after the September 11 attacks

• Bush declared that if Saddam did not disarm he would send troops into the Iraq with the support of the ‘Coalition of the Willing’

• 48 countries were involved but only USA, UK and Australia sent troops to assist combat operations

• After the 2003 invasion more countries provided troops as part of the insurgency phase of the war

The Coalition of the Willing

The Life and Death of Saddam Hussein