Guiding and Measuring

TRANSFORMATION

in the Department of Defense

The Mission of the Joint Assessment Enabling Capability (JAEC)

Office of the Secretary of Defense

Don JohnsonJAEC DirectorFebruary 2004

“The dramatic transformation of America’s strategic environment has had a major impact on our military forces, and demands an equally dramatic transformation in how we prepare the forces for combat and non-combat operations.

Emphasis has shifted from deliberate to adaptive war planning, and from permanent organizations and large hierarchies to smaller, highly-distributed joint and combined forces and standing joint task forces that integrate service capabilities at the lowest levels.

To transform the total force and meet combatant commanders’ needs in this new environment, we need to transform the way we conduct training.

Training must now prepare the force to learn, improvise, and adapt to constantly changing threats in addition to executing doctrine to standards.”

What is Transformation ?- T2 Implementation Plan Executive Summary -

Military TransformationVision for the Department of Defense

The Department defines “transformation” as:

“a process that shapes the changing nature of military competition and cooperation through new combinations of concepts, capabilities, people, and organizations that exploit our nation’s advantages and protect against our asymmetric vulnerabilities to sustain our strategic position, which helps underpin peace and stability in the world.”

“At its core, our transformation strategyis a strategy for large-scale innovation.”

Military transformation will enable the U.S. Armed Forces to achieve broad and sustained competitive advantage in the 21st century.

It comprises those activities that anticipate and create the future by coevolving concepts, processes, organizations, and technologies to produce new sources of military power.

The transformation of our armed forces will dramatically increase our strategic and operational responsiveness, speed, reach, and effectiveness, making our forces increasingly precise, lethal, tailorable, agile, survivable, and more easily sustainable.

Military TransformationVision for the Department of Defense

What is JAEC ?

SPAT2 JAEC

100%

~ 3.5%

~ 1%Strategic

PerformanceAssessment

Training Transformation

Joint Assessment And Enabling

Capability

~

~

Joint Assessment Enabling CapabilityOUSD P&R and JCS J7 Roles and Responsibilities

JAEC Program Oversight

Develop Performance Assessment Architecture

Develop Joint Performance Measures

T2 Performance Assessments

Tracking Joint Education, Training & Experience

Link Training to Readiness

Capture and Share Joint Lessons Learned

Enhance and fully implement the Joint Training System

Guidance and Policy (RTPP)

What is JAEC ?CONCEPT

“The Joint Assessment and Enabling Capability will ensure systematic assessment of Training Transformation plans, programs, and investments throughout the Department; and continuous improvement of joint force readiness.

It will also provide essential enabling tools and processes to support and guide the rapid spiral development of the Joint Knowledge Development and Distribution Capability and the Joint National Training Capability.

This capability will provide an assessment process to measure the degree to which training improves joint force readiness, both individually and collectively.”

Anticipating, Evaluating, and Guiding Development

Will JAEC assess readiness?

“Future joint force training readiness reporting through the Defense Readiness Reporting System will be based on the process established in the Joint Training System.

The Joint Assessment and Enabling Capability will be used to provide more robust reporting in terms of doctrine, organization, training, materiel, leadership, personnel, and facilities.

Such reporting will include two levels of spiral development—a basic level for predictable requirements, and a second level to assess individual and unit trainability and adaptability for unforeseen exigencies.”

unit commanders do readiness assessments

- NO -

So what does JAEC Assess?

dinosaurs ruled the earthfor a very long time

Innovation …

Not on my watch !

Assessment Options

Lagging Indicators Leading IndicatorsCurrent Situation

historians & critics daily management guiding change

What happened in the past?

What were the results?

What worked well?

What didn’t work well?

What was the outcome?

What did we learn?

What will happen in the future?

What should we change?

How can we change?

What should we change to?

What are our strategic goals?

What outcomes do we need?

What’s happening now?

What are the details?

Where are the problems?

Status of resources?

Schedule & milestones?

What happens tomorrow?

JAEC Strategic Assessment Methodbased on proven theory and practice

rather than measuring activities

Methodology

1. An organization must first know its Goal and the necessary conditions for achievement.

2. Then it must identify the constraints, that are limiting the level of achievement of that goal.

3. Implement continuous process improvements

What are T2 Performance Goals?Criterion

• Are they tied to Transformation Strategy?• Do they focus on strategic performance outcomes?• Are they leading indicators?• Do they enable innovation & process improvements?• Will they anticipate and guide T2 developments?

• Are they about technical solutions & infrastructure?• Do they focus on milestones and budgets? • Are they focused primarily on near-term outputs?• Are they lagging (rear-view mirror) indicators?• Do they reinforce inertia and incremental progress?

or

Setting Measurable Goals- based on T2 I Plan -

The Secretary has a saying “you can only manage what you can measure,” and that’s what JAEC is all about. Dr. Paul Mayberry

Focused on COCOM needs

All Forces Joint Educated and Trained

New Joint Operation Capabilities

Dynamic Mission Planning and Rehearsal

Continuous Readiness Improvements

All Forces Joint Educated and Trained

Throughput

Enable Innovationand development of new

Joint Operational Capabilities

Innovation

Dynamic Mission Planning

and Rehearsal

Transparency

Performance OutcomesSuccessively Build and Guide T2

Example of “Throughput”

0 90%

11.2%

0 90%

45.4%

Total COCOM staff positions

Only 482 out of 4287

Critical COCOM staff positions

Only 184 out of 405

T2 Throughput Baseline Percent of COCOM Staffs Joint Trained or Educated

1. Data Source – DMDC as of December 2003 (-- data currency and institutional reporting is an issue)2. Alignment of T2 Throughput with actual COCOM personnel “fills” is critical to achieving our Goal3. Subsequent steps in Throughput Metrics: assess knowledge and skill match-up and timeliness

0

100 %

90%

50000 90%

10000

Total Staff Total Units

100 %

JNTC Throughput Metrics

0

100 %

90%

50000 90%

10000

Total Staff Total Units

100 %

JKDDC Throughput Metrics

Notional

Notional

Warfighting Impact: – Two OFOR Battalions rendered combat ineffective– Close Air Support decisively engages OPFOR – Exercise “restarted” to enable Blue Ground Force to engage OPFOR

2 Ship F-16 w/Litening II + SADL + GBU-12

Example of “Innovation”Digital Close Air Support: Decisive Defeat of OPFOR

D/TOC

UAV A/OA-10 w/ SADL + AGM-65D 2 Ship F-16 w/Litening II

+ SADL+ AGM-65D

1. Source: US Army Division Capstone Exercise - Phase I (March-April 2001)2. Same Lessons Learned many times – Slow impacts on Joint DOTMTLP3. AARs review Lessons Learned in hours – but wide-scale distribution on new insights are lacking

Example of “Transparency”

• Services cue up in deployment lanes• Units and staffs participate in mission planning and rehearsals• Share common operational picture with real “joint context”

Mission Specific Training and Rehearsal

120 – 90 – 60 – 30

Start with COCOM Mission - move forward with increased granularity

Mission Execution

1. SOF implementing very fast Mission Planning / Rehearsal Processes – Global “Reach-Forward”2. Yet most of our Planning, Education and Training tools and processes are still Industrial Age3. Opportunity to integrate T2 into Adaptive Planning Tools and Processes in early Design Phase

Core Education and Training

Identifying “constraints” that limit achievement of goals

Industrial age – Deliberate Planning Tools and Processes

Assess resultsThen update

Doctrine

RCCRequirements

Develop Training

Plans

ExecuteTraining

MultiyearProcess

How should it work? Concept for net-centric operation adaptive planning and mission rehearsal

continuously identifying specific manpower

personnel - knowledge & skill requirements

Real timeISR

rapid missionrehearsal

Continuously identify and filling gaps in existing inventory

RCCmission planning

and COA

Sense andrespondlogistics

continuousassessment & refinement

Performance Assessment Architecture Concept

T2 Vector Assessments• COCOM Alignment• Service Alignment• Force Transformation Alignment

(via a Collaborative Network)

T2 Integration Assessments• Policy integration• Program and process integration• Information systems integration

(performed by JAEC Office)

T2 Training Value Assessments• Joint Trained / Educated Staffs & Units• Staffs & Units Trained / Educated on the right JMET• Responsiveness to COCOM requirements changes

(JMOs provide input to JAEC)

T2 Balanced ScorecardInitial Structure

COCOM Satisfaction

COCOM Satisfaction

Training Integration

Assessment

Training Integration

Assessment

T2 Strategic Goals tied to the SSPG

and Strategic Performance Assessment

“The Balanced Scorecard for Risk Management is a central element of the Defense Strategy. It gives DoD leaders a disciplined way of measuring near and mid-term defense outputs, in critical areas, against longer-term strategic Defense goals.”

Dr. David Chu

Transformation Vector

Assessment

Transformation Vector

Assessment

Training Value

Assessment

Training Value

Assessment

1. What are the constraints? that are limiting the level of achievement of those goals

-

2. How to establish continuous process improvement? that overcomes organizational and cultural resistance

--

3. Who are the to key stakeholders? that will provide insights & inputs to T2 performance assessment - -

4. How to assess and guide “Throughput”? all forces educated and trained prior to and during deployment - -

5. How to assess and guide “Innovation”? adaptable and agile – learning on the fly and creating new JOC’ - -

6. How to assess and guide “Transparency”? that will provide insights & inputs to T2 performance assessment? - -

Discussion