GUIDANCE TECHNIQUES IN ADJUSTMENT

R.THANGAMATHI 11MD67

GUIDANCE

“Guidance is the help by one person to another in making choices and adjustments and in solving problem.”

- Jones

NEED Guidance is a general term which means helping

people to make wise choices and solve their educational, vocational and personal problems.

It is the process by which the individuals are assisted in making adequate adjustments to life’s situations.

it is not meant only for the problem individuals, such as the slow learners, delinquents, mentally retarded as was generally, thought in the beginning. Guidance is necessary for all individuals.

TECHNIQUES

Adjustment inventoryAnecdotal recordCumulative recordCase study Interview

ADJUSTMENT INVENTORY

The adjustment inventories are used to detect of maladjustment area of an individual. It requires professional skills of a psychiatrist. The teacher can help in identifying maladjustment by using the measuring instruments.

For example : Observation and interview with the subject The bell adjustment inventory The Moony’s checklist The Roger’s test of personality adjustment Taylor’s anxiety scale Adjustment inventory for college student by

Sinha and Sinha Detroit adjustment inventory California test of personality

ANECDOTAL RECORD

“An anecdotal record is a report of a significant episode in the life of a student.”

-Raths Louis

SPECIMEN

Name of the school:Name of the pupil observed:Class: Date: Place:Observer: Objective description:

Comments:

PRINICIPLES No limit on the no. of anecdotes. Supplement to other records and not as

substitutes. The object description of behaviour should

not be colored with the subjective Comments. Recorded in the class, school and outside the

school. All behaviour should be recorded. Should be confidential and should not fall into

irresponsible hands.

CHARATERISTICS Determined aspects of behaviors only and

records only. Words and phrases which are used give

meaning that is clear. Concrete statements are used rather than

abstract ones. Strong emotional connotations are avoided

like love, hate, insolent etc., Judgmental terms are avoided for eg. Well

behaved, aggressive, nervous

ADVANTAGES

Description Understanding Continuous Summary Acquaintance Clinical service Stimulation

CUMULATIVE RECORD

“The cumulative record is a systematic accumulation of significant factual information about an individual which is progressively developed and maintained over a sufficient period of time.”-S.K.Kochar

FUNCTION It avoids duplication of efforts and overlapping. Every teacher keeps notes of the achievements,

abilities and potentialities of the pupil. It forms as a part of a preventive programme

and marks out the problem area. It gives data for objective evaluation and not for

subjective evaluation. Records benefit pupils, teacher as well as the

principal of the school.

TYPES

The pocket or folder record card

The single card typeThe cumulative record type

AREAS TO BE COVERED Identification data Environmental and background data Physical data School attendance Data of scholastic achievement Data of achievement in co-curricular activities Psychological data Data about the student’s educational and

vocational plans and preferences. Teacher’s subjective ratings.

ADVANTAGES  Complete frame of a pupil’s present state. To discover the strengths, weaknesses and special

abilities of the pupil. If the student changes his institution, the records will

be useful to new authorities to know the information about him

Provide comparative picture of each pupil in the group, it can be used for selection, promotion and classification.

To find out the aptitudes as well as the attitudes of the individual.

CASE STUDY

A case study is defined as a collection of all available information - social, physiological, biographical, environmental, vocational - that promises to help explain a single individual.

ROTHNEY AND ROENS Highly exceptional achievement High ability in art. Exceptionally high ability in music. Skill in practical arts and painting. Persistent in striving for success. Work very hard against great obstacles. Constantly present behaviour problems. Unable to do the work of their grade. Behaviour makes them appear to be a model. 

STEPS

Nature of the problem Antecedents of the case Formulation of hypothesis Verification of hypothesis. Remedial steps Follow-up

CHARACTERISTICS

complete in all respectsvalid and reliablekept confidentialSynthesis of data should be scientific

DATAStatement of problemFamily historySchool historyHealth and physical historyRecreational interestsPersonality traits

ADVANTAGES It provides first hand picture about

the child to the teacher. A teacher can understand more

about a new student by His academic strength and weakness His personal and social adjustment problems His attitudes, aptitudes and interest

It helps the teacher to root out the cause of the trouble.

DISADVANTAGES

It is one of the methods and not the only method to know about the individual.

This method is too subjective and not reliable and realistic.

It is quite lengthy, difficult and time consuming method.

INTERVIEW‘conversation with a

purpose’

An interview is a face-to-face relationship in which the interviewer and the interviewee carry on some conservation with specific purpose.

ADVANTAGEUnderstand the problems of the subject better

To give guidance to the children

Testing hypothesis regarding human motivations and socio- personal interactions

DISADVANTAGE

subjectiveartificial situation individualistic approach-time consuming

CONCLUSION

The above techniques are used to find the individualistic and know the maladjustment children. The teacher should understand the problems of the students and guide them accordingly. If the teacher guides the students in a proper way, the students’ life will become better.

THANK YOU….